长期时效对一种镍基单晶高温合金组织演化及持久性能的影响

研究了长期时效对一种镍基单晶高温合金显微组织及持久性能的影响。结果表明:800℃时效1000h后,γ′相仍保持立方体形态;980℃时效1000h、1010℃时效500h后,γ′相逐渐连接形筏。980℃时效500h、1010℃时效100h后,μ相以针状和颗粒状形态逐渐析出,980℃时随时效时间延长,μ相逐渐增加,1010℃时随时效时间延长,μ相先增加后减少。800℃长期时效后合金的持久寿命变化不大,980,1010℃时随时效温度升高和时效时间延长,合金的持久寿命递减。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制的研究

对一种镍基单晶高温合金在两种蠕变条件下（760℃／780MPa和982℃1248MPa）的变形机制进行分析．结果表明：在中温高应力条件下（760℃／780MPa）,在低应变阶段,位错以堆垛层错的形式切入γ’相;高应变阶段,位错以位错对的方式切入γ’相．在高温低应力条件下（982℃／248MPa）的低应变阶段,母相a／2（110）位错在基体中运动弓出,并绕过γ’相,发生位错反应而形成位错网;高应变阶段与中温高应力条件的切入机制相同．     

Al、Ti和Ta含量对镍基单晶高温合金时效组织的影响

研究了几种不同含量γ′相形成和强化元素(Al、Ti和Ta)的单晶高温合金在热处理以及长期时效处理后的组织演化.结果表明:在经过相同的热处理后,随着Al、Ti和Ta总含量的增加,γ′相的尺寸逐渐增大,γ′相形貌由圆形向立方形再向不规性形状转变.在950 ℃的长期时效处理过程中,γ′相的尺寸明显增大,立方度降低,直到1000 h,γ′相也没有发生连接和形筏.1050 ℃、500 h后,γ′相形貌尺寸明显增大、立方度降低.合金A和E仍保持原来形状,合金B、C和D的γ′相发生连接和形筏.在2种时效条件下,合金E中均有TCP相(μ相)析出.     

617B镍基高温合金长期时效组织演变

对617B合金在650、700、750℃分别时效至3000 h并通过光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜以及能谱分析其在时效过程中的组织演变规律。经研究发现,在时效过程中617B合金中主要的析出相为γ'相、富Cr、Mo的M_(23)C_6。650℃/600h后开始析出γ'相,且随着时效时间的延长以及温度的提高发生一定程度的粗化。低于700℃时效,γ'相的粗化满足传统的LSW理论,而大于750℃长期时效则转变为以团聚为主的粗化方式。晶界碳化由细小不连续分布的锯齿状逐渐粗化转化为连续的网状结构,晶内碳化物析出增多。750℃高温长期时效,碳化物存在与基体、γ'相之间的相互作用。     

一种镍基单晶合金长期时效过程中γ'相的粗化行为

研究了一种新型镍基单晶高温合金长期时效过程中γ'相形貌的变化。结果表明,在950、1 000、1 050℃下时效0~1 500 h时,γ'相形态从最初的立方体形貌逐渐演化形成了不规则的条形、L形、迷宫形等。时效过程中,枝晶间γ'相的粗化速率明显高于枝晶干处的粗化速率。随时效温度地提高,γ'相的粗化速率加快。枝晶干处与枝晶间区域γ/γ'相界面共格应变能的差异是枝晶间与枝晶干区域γ'相粗化程度存在差异的主要原因。枝晶干处γ'相的粗化激活能与枝晶间处γ'相的粗化激活能分别为451 kJ·mol-1和345 kJ·mol-1。     

一种新型镍基高温合金长期时效后的组织和性能

研究了一种新型镍基高温合金在不同温度下长期时效后的组织及冲击韧性、硬度等性能．结果表明，合金在593℃和704℃时效l000h后，主要析出相是γ′和MC，在704℃以上又析出了M23C6．合金在750℃时效l000h后晶界处开始析出η相，而在849℃时效l000h后晶内出现了大量的片状η相，呈魏氏体分布．γ′相随时效温度的增加生长迅速，且在849℃时效l000h后出现回溶．没有发现σ等脆性相的出现．随着时效温度的提高，合金的冲击韧性下降，由韧性断裂变为脆性断裂．室温显微硬度随时效温度的提高而降低，主要由γ′的长大所致；合金在标准热处理条件下的高温显微硬度高于室温显微硬度．     

一种镍基单晶高温合金高温持久性能的各向异性

测定了一种镍基单晶高温合金[001],[011]和[111]三个取向的高温持久性能。结果表明,[001]方向塑性最好,[111]方向寿命最长,而[011]方向各性能指标都较低,组织分析显示,[111]取向启动多个滑移系,形成界面位错网,且分切应力低,因而寿命长;[001]取向等价滑移系最多,可有效钝化微裂纹,因而塑性最好;而[011]取向切应力高,滑移系少,形变孪晶易促进裂纹萌生,所以寿命短且塑性也低,三种试样在持久过程中都形成一种沿枝晶方向的藤状γ′,是由各枝晶间的微小取向差引起的,这些滕状γ′可以成为一种重要的裂纹源。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金870℃高周疲劳变形微观结构研究

摘 要：本文研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在870℃℃时的高周疲劳性能及其变形组织结构。结果表明：该合金的疲劳寿命随着应力水平的升高而减小,870℃℃时光滑试样的疲劳强度为443MPa;利用透射电镜（TEM）观察疲劳循环试样的位错组态,发现在疲劳变形的初始和中期阶段,位错组态主要为界面位错,位错在基体通道中{111}面运动,并交互反应形成3维位错网络结构。当应力水平提高到550MPa以上时,在变形的末期,观察到高密度位错集中于位错滑移带及位错切入??r" 相现象。在循环应力和高温叠加作用下,基体通道中诱发析出大量圆形细小二次?r’? 相。二次?r"?相的析出有益于阻止基体位错的滑动,抑制位错切入?r"?相,有利于提高合金的疲劳强度。     

Ru的添加对镍基单晶高温合金组织的影响

研究了添加Ru对镍基单晶高温合金铸态、热处理及长期时效组织的影响。结果表明：添加Ru导致合金的共晶含量、一次枝晶间距降低,固溶热处理困难。添加Ru后合金的层错能显著降低,?基体中出现的扩展位错会阻碍后续位错的运动,有助于提高合金力学性能。1100℃长期时效时,添Ru加对筏化过程影响不显著,未改变TCP相的主要析出类型,但显著抑制了TCP相的析出;随时效时间的延长（如超过500 h）,添加Ru对TCP相的抑制作用减弱。     

Evolution of interfacial dislocation networks during long term thermal aging in Ni-based single crystal superalloy DD5

Interfacial dislocations found in single crystal superalloys after long term thermal aging have an important effect on mechanical properties. Long term thermal aging tests for DD5 single crystal superalloy were carried out at 1,100 ℃ for 20, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 h, and then cooled by air. The effect of long term thermal aging on the dislocation networks at the γ/γ' interfaces was investigated by FE-SEM. Results showed that during the long term thermal aging at 1,100 ℃, misfit dislocations formed firstly and then reorientation in the(001) interfacial planes occurred. Different types of square or rectangular dislocation network form by dislocation reaction. Square dislocation networks consisting of four groups of dislocations can transform into octagonal dislocation networks, and then form another square dislocation network by dislocation reaction. Rectangular dislocation networks can also transform into hexagonal dislocation networks. The interfacial dislocation networks promote the γ' phase rafting process. The dislocation networks spacings become smaller and smaller, leading to the effective lattice misfit increasing from-0.10% to-0.32%.     

Surface recrystallization of single crystal nickel-based superalloy

As-cast single crystal (SC) superalloy samples were shot peened and then annealed at different temperatures to investigate the effect of annealing temperature on the surface recrystallization behavior of the SC superalloy. The results show that the depth of recrystallized layers increases with the increase of annealing temperature. Below 1200 °C, the recrystallization depth climbs slowly with temperature rising. Above 1200 °C, the recrystallization depth increases sharply with the rise of temperature. The morphology of recrystallized grains is significantly affected by annealing temperature. Below the γ′ solvus, cellular recrystallization may be observed. Above the γ′ solvus, recrystallization occurs through the growth of well developed recrystallized grains. In addition, the microstructure evolution of recrystallized grains at the homogenization annealing temperature was studied. It is found that recrystallized grains first nucleate in the dendritic core areas on the shot-peened surface and then grow inwards along the dendritic core areas. With the dissolution of the coarse γ′ precipitates and γ′/γ′ eutectics in the interdendritic areas, the recrystallized grain boundaries move through the interdendritic areas. Finally, the fully developed grains nearly have a uniform depth. The dissolution of primary γ′ precipitates is a critical factor influencing the recrystallization behavior of SC superalloys.     

Evolution mechanism of recrystallization in a nickel-based single crystal superalloy under various cooling rates during heat treatment

The recrystallization behaviors of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy during heat treatment at 1,200℃ for 4 h with various cooling rates were studied.Results show that the thickness of recrystallization layer decreases with the increase of cooling rate.In addition,the microstructures ofγ′phase in the recrystallization region are different in various cooling rates.In the high cooling rates(70,100℃·min^-1),small size and high volume fraction ofγ′phases are formed in the recrystallization region.It is also found that irregular fine secondaryγ′phases are precipitated between matrix channels with an average size of 150 nm in the original matric(100℃·min^-1).The sizes of the secondaryγ′phase decrease with the increase of cooling rate.In contrast,large size and small volume fraction ofγ′phases are formed in the recrystallization region,and a grain boundary layer is formed under a low cooling rate(10℃·min^-1).The evolution mechanism of recrystallization at various cooling rates during heat treatment is analyzed.     

Evolution of micro-pores in a single crystal nickel-based superalloy during 980°C creep

The evolution of micro-pores in a single crystal nickel-based superalloy during creep at 980 °C/220 MPa was investigated by X-ray computed tomography. Time-dependent ex-situ 3D information including the number, volume fraction, distribution and morphology of micro-pores was analyzed. The results reveal that the signifi cant formation and growth of micro-pores occur at the end of secondary/beginning of tertiary creep stage. The irregular large pores as well as high density pores located at strain...     

镍基单晶合金在压缩蠕变期间的组织演化与有限元分析

通过[001]取向镍基单晶合金压缩蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,确定出合金经压应力蠕变后的组织结构是γ'相沿平行于应力轴方向形成P-型筏状组织。采用三维应力应变有限元方法计算出立方γ/γ'两相共格界面的Von Mises应力分布,研究了施加应力对应力分布及γ'相定向粗化规律的影响。结果表明,施加压应力可改变立方γ/γ'两相的应力分布,γ'相的定向粗化取向与γ基体通道的Von Mises应力分布密切相关,其中,在施加压应力作用下,立方γ'相的(001)晶面产生较大的Von Mises应力及应变能密度变化是使其发生组织演化的主要原因。并进一步提出压应力蠕变期间,合金中发生元素定向扩散和γ'相定向生长的驱动力。     

Thermo-mechanical fatigue of single crystal nickel-based superalloy DD8

The thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior and the relevant microstructural evolution of the single crystal nickel-based superalloy DD8 were investigated. In-phase TMF lives were much shorter than those of out-of-phase TMF. The mechanism of TMF damage is discussed based on the microstructural evolution during TMF.     

晶体取向对镍基单晶合金蠕变行为的影响

通过蠕变曲线测定及组织形貌观察,研究[001]、[011]取向镍基单晶合金在蠕变期间的组织演化及变形特征。结果表明:经完全热处理后,[001]和[011]取向合金中立方γ′相均以共格方式镶嵌在γ基体相中,并沿〈100〉取向规则排列。蠕变期间,[001]取向合金中γ′相沿垂直于应力轴方向形成N-型筏状组织,而[011]取向合金中γ′相沿[001]取向形成纤维状筏形组织,且在(100)晶面的筏状γ′相与施加应力轴方向呈45°角排列,其中,立方γ′相不同晶面中扩张晶格的法线方向是筏状γ′相的生长方向。在试验温度和应力范围内,与[011]取向合金相比,[001]取向合金具有较好的蠕变抗力。在高温蠕变后期,两取向合金中的筏状γ′相均发生粗化和扭折,其中,[001]取向合金在蠕变后期的变形机制是位错剪切γ′相,而[011]取向合金的变形特征主要是形变位错在基体通道中滑移。