采用SiC/Si_3N_4陶瓷先驱体连接反应烧结SiC

采用SiC/Si3N4陶瓷先驱体聚硅氮烷连接反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷,研究了连接温度、连接压力、浸渍/裂解增强处理对连接强度的影响。结果表明:在1100℃~1400℃温度范围内,连接强度先升高后降低;连接过程中施加适当的轴向压力可提高连接层致密度;浸渍/裂解增强处理可大幅度提高接头强度。当连接温度为1300℃,连接压力为15kPa,经3次增强处理的连接件抗弯强度达最大值169.1MPa。这种连接件的断口表面粘有大量SiC母材。由XRD研究表明,随着温度的逐步升高,聚硅氮烷的裂解产物发生了由非晶态向晶态的转变。微观结构及成分分析显示:连接层为厚度2μm~3μm的SiCN无定形陶瓷,其结构较为均匀致密;连接层与基体间界面接合良好。     

采用SiC/Si3N4陶瓷先驱体连接反应烧结SiC

采用SiC/Si3N4陶瓷先驱体聚硅氮烷连接反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷,研究了连接温度、连接压力、浸渍/裂解增强处理对连接强度的影响.结果表明：在1100℃～1400℃温度范围内,连接强度先升高后降低;连接过程中施加适当的轴向压力可提高连接层致密度;浸渍/裂解增强处理可大幅度提高接头强度.当连接温度为1300℃,连接压力为15kPa，经3次增强处理的连接件抗弯强度达最大值169．1MPa。这种连接件的断口表面粘有大量SiC母材。由XRD研究表明，随着温度的逐步升高，聚硅氮烷的裂解产物发生了由非晶态向晶态的转变。微观结构及成分分析显示：连接层为厚度2μm-3μm的SiCN无定形陶瓷，其结构较为均匀致密；连接层与基体间界面接合良好。     

以PVB为造孔剂采用硅树脂制备泡沫陶瓷

采用硅树脂为先驱体,利用先驱体转化法与添加造孔剂法相结合制备SiOC泡沫陶瓷.通过对造孔剂聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和硅树脂的热分析制定温度曲线,研究了裂解温度、造孔剂含量对泡沫陶瓷抗压强度及孔隙率的影响,采用XRD、SEM及EDS对SiOC泡沫陶瓷进行了物相、微观结构和成分分析.结果表明,在1000～1400 ℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度先升高后降低,而孔隙率逐渐降低;造孔剂含量对泡沫陶瓷的性能也有明显的影响,随着造孔剂含量的增加,试样的抗压强度逐渐减小,而孔隙率逐渐增大.当裂解温度为1250 ℃,PVB的含量为50%(质量分数,下同)时,所制得的泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度为52.3 MPa,孔隙率为72%.XRD研究表明,随着温度的逐步升高,硅树脂的裂解产物发生了由非晶态向晶态的转变.微观结构分析显示,SiOC泡沫陶瓷呈三维网状结构,微孔分布较均匀.     

采用新型聚硅氮烷连接无压烧结SiC陶瓷

采用新型陶瓷先驱体聚合物-含乙烯基聚硅氮烷(PSZ)连接无压烧结SiC陶瓷.研究了PSZ的裂解过程以及连接温度、浸渍/裂解增强处理、惰性填料对连接强度的影响,并对连接区域微观结构进行了分析.结果表明,在1200～1400℃温度范围内,PSZ的裂解产物发生了由非晶态向晶态的转变.随着连接温度的升高,连接强度先升高后降低;浸渍/裂解增强处理可较大幅度提高接头强度;另外加入适量的纳米SiC填料可有效提高连接强度.当连接温度为1300℃,纳米SiC填料(质量分数)为5%时,经三次增强处理的连接件接头剪切强度达33.5 MPa.微观结构分析显示,连接层厚度约为3～4 μm,连接层与母材之间界面接合良好.     

活性填料对聚硅氮烷连接SiC陶瓷接头性能的影响

采用陶瓷先驱体聚合物--含乙烯基聚硅氮烷并加入活性填料纳米铝粉连接无压烧结SiC陶瓷.研究了纳米铝粉填料对连接强度的影响,并对连接层的微观结构及成分进行了分析.结果表明,纳米铝粉的加入,促进了聚硅氮烷的裂解,降低了连接温度,减少了连接层内的孔隙等缺陷,从而有效地提高了连接强度.当连接温度为1 150 ℃,加入纳米铝粉填料所获得的连接件经2次浸渍/裂解增强处理后,其室温三点抗弯强度达到最大值为146.8 MPa.XRD分析表明,连接层含有Si3N4,SiC及少量AlN等微粒.微观结构及成分分析显示,连接层厚度约为5 μm,元素分布较为均匀,连接层与母材之间接合良好.     

纳米SiC填料对SiOC泡沫陶瓷性能的影响

以聚硅氧烷为先驱体,采用先驱体转化法及有机泡沫浸渍法相结合制备了SiOC泡沫陶瓷。研究了纳米SiC填料含量对SiOC泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度、孔隙率的影响,并对泡沫陶瓷的微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明：随着纳米SiC填料含量的增加,Si0C泡沫陶瓷抗压强度先升高后降低;在相同的裂解温度下,添加纳米SiC填料可提高泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率。当SiC填料含量达5％时泡沫陶瓷抗压强度达最大值17．8MPa,其孔隙率为88％。微观结构分析显示,SiOC泡沫陶瓷呈三维网状结构,孔径为100～500μm,具有良好的贯通性,且孔筋处结构较为均匀致密。     

用聚硅氧烷和羟甲基纤维素制备泡沫陶瓷

选用聚硅氧烷为主要原料,用羟甲基纤维素为造孔剂,制备了SiOC泡沫陶瓷。研究了造孔剂含量、成型压力、裂解温度对泡沫陶瓷抗压强度及孔隙率的影响,并对泡沫陶瓷的微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明,随着造孔剂含量的增加,泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率随之增大,而抗压强度则随之降低;在40MPa～120MPa的成型压力范围内,随着成型压力的增加,泡沫陶瓷的孔隙率逐渐降低,而抗压强度不断增加;在10001400℃温度范围内,随着裂解温度的升高,泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度先增加后降低,而孔隙率不断降低;当羟甲基纤维素的含量为50％、成型压力为80MPa、裂解温度为1250℃时,所制备的泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度为43MPa,孔隙率为51％。微观结构分析显示,SiOC泡沫陶瓷微孔分布均匀,以三维交错的网状孔道相互贯穿。     

烧结温度对泡沫铌力学性能及微观组织的影响

采用新型泡沫浸渍法制备具有较高强度和良好生物相容性的泡沫铌。利用SEM、XRD和CS600碳硫测试仪分析泡沫铌的微观结构、形貌及相组成,同时对多孔材料的孔隙结构和力学性能进行分析。结果表明:制备的泡沫铌具有与人体松质骨相似的三维、连通孔隙结构,其碳含量为0.049%(质量分数);泡沫铌的抗压强度随着烧结温度的升高先增加后降低,而弹性模量随着烧结温度的升高而增大;烧结温度为1750℃时,其抗压强度为36.69MPa,弹性模量为0.815GPa,与人体松质骨的力学性能相匹配。     

陶瓷先驱体聚硅氮烷连接Cf/SiC工艺及连接性能

采用陶瓷先驱体转化法连接Cf／SiC复合材料。针对Cf／SiC复合材料的不同连接界面特性,采用不同的连接配方和工艺。结果表明：对于第一类以SiC相为主的连接界面,采用单一的聚硅氮烷即可实现Cf／SiC复合材料的连接,当连接温度为1300℃,经两次浸渍／裂解增强处理的连接件接头抗剪强度达最大值29．6MPa;连接层厚度为2～3μm,其结构较为均匀致密,由无定型SiNC陶瓷组成;对于第二类以C纤维端面为主的连接界面,采用聚硅氮烷并加入活性填料纳米Al粉来实现其连接：当连接温度为1150℃,经两次浸渍／裂解增强处理的连接件抗剪强度达最大值22．5MPa;连接层厚度约为30μm,连接层中含有SiC、Si3N4和AlN等相。     

纳米Ni粉填料对聚硅氮烷连接SiC陶瓷接头性能的影响

研究了活性填料纳米Ni粉对陶瓷先驱体聚硅氮烷连接反应烧结SiC陶瓷接头性能的影响，同时与惰性填料纳米SiC粉及活性填料微米Ni粉进行了对比，指出填料的种类及颗粒度对连接强度均有较大影响。活性填料纳米Ni粉的加入可减少连接层内的孔隙和裂纹，同时还可以与聚硅氮烷的裂解产物及母材发生反应，促进聚硅氮烷的裂解，从而降低连接温度，提高连接强度。当连接温度为1200℃时，其最大抗弯强度达到251．6MPa。微观研究表明，连接层结构较为均匀致密，且与母材间界面结合良好。惰性填料纳米SiC粉对连接强度没有明显改善。微米Ni粉因不能与先驱体形成均匀的连接层而导致连接强度降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.