自动扶梯链轮轴承的振动信号特征提取分类方法研究

为了提高自动扶梯链轮轴承故障诊断准确率,针对轴承振动信号特征提取方法的问题,本文使用经验模态对原始信号进行分解,通过包络谱方法选取优化分解后得到多个模态分量中的最优模态分量,引入多角度特征度量提取故障特征值.根据轴承振动信号数据的振动特性建立更趋向于故障特征类别信息的轴承信号特征组,避免了单一度量特征提取绝对化问题.使...     

基于改进EEMD方法的轴承故障诊断研究

该文针对轴承故障诊断中信号处理的端点效应问题,提出基于极值波延拓与窗函数的改进集合经验模态分解EEMD方法。首先对原始信号进行极值波延拓,其次对延拓后的信号加入组合窗体,最后对信号进行EEMD分解,通过仿真验证改进EEMD方法的有效性。同时,进一步结合Hilbert变换建立了改进EEMD-Hilbert的轴承故障诊断模型,利用轴承故障的实测信号证明了该模型在提高轴承故障诊断效率方面有一定优势。     

轴承早期故障特征提取方法研究

针对滚动轴承早期故障信号被背景噪声淹没、故障特征不明显的问题,提出一种基于小波包分解和互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的轴承早期故障信号特征提取方法.利用Matlab软件对采集到的轴承振动信号进行快速谱峭度分析,根据峭度最大化原则确定带通滤波器的中心频率和带宽,设计带通滤波器;对经过带通滤波器滤波后的信号进行小波包分解和CEEMD分解,根据峭度、相关系数筛选出有效本征模态函数(IMF)分量;利用IMF分量重构小波包信号,对重构小波包信号进行包络谱分析,提取轴承早期故障信号特征频率.该方法通过谱峭度分析降低背景噪声干扰,通过小波包分解增强故障冲击信号,并将CEEMD与小波包分解相结合,解决经典EMD分解存在的模态混叠、无效分量问题.仿真结果表明,相较于传统包络解调算法,重构后信号的背景噪声得到抑制,故障特征分量突出,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于改进EEMD和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障振动信号受噪声影响、总体经验模态分解(EEMD)参数不易获取的问题,提出了基于改进EEMD和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先提取信号高频成分及设置期望分解误差确定EEMD参数,利用EEMD将信号分解为若干个本征模态分量(IMF),依据峭度准则选取相应分量进行重构以突出故障信息、提高信噪比;然后利用快速谱峭度图来选取带通滤波器的参数;最后对滤波信号进行能量算子解调分析。该方法应用到实测数据中的结果表明,其不仅能够自适应确定EEMD参数,降低了噪声的影响,还能清晰、准确地提取出故障特征频率,实现了滚动轴承故障的精确诊断。     

基于倒谱预白化的轨道车辆轴箱轴承故障诊断

轴箱轴承作为轨道车辆的关键旋转部件之一,起着承载、减磨、降阻的作用。基于振动信号的轴承监测方法,将成为轨道车辆轴承状态在线监测的发展方向。在信号预白化的理论基础上,提出了基于倒谱编辑预白化的轴承故障诊断方法,该方法使用实倒谱定位和编辑原始信号的对数幅值,去除不想要的离散频率分量,然后结合原始相位信号和编辑后的幅值重构时域信号,再对时域白化信号进行频谱分析。试验结果表明,倒谱预白化与传统包络谱解调分析都能有效检测轴箱轴承故障,但倒谱预白化不需要进行滤波频带选择,具有简单实用的优点,验证了该方法在轴承严重故障和微弱故障诊断方面的有效性。     

敏感SVD和EEMD的故障诊断方法研究

在噪声干扰下有效提取振动信号所包含的微弱故障特征,是轴承故障诊断的关键问题,提出了一种基于敏感奇异值分解(SSVD)和总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)的故障诊断方法.对时域振动信号进行敏感SVD分析,通过敏感因子选择反映故障冲击特征的敏感SVD分量,并利用定位因子定位分量信号所对应奇异值进行振动信号重构,以滤除噪声干扰;对降噪信号进行EEMD,根据峭度准则选取故障信息丰富的敏感固有模态分量(IMF),有效提取局部微弱故障信息;利用Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)计算故障信息的瞬时能量,并对其进行频谱分析,获取故障特征频率,以识别故障类型.方法应用于轴承故障诊断,实验证明了所提方法的有效性.     

基于DE-LSSVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障诊断难以获得大量样本的问题以及LS-SVM 模型参数选择方法易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了一种集合经验模态分解能量熵和差分进化算法（DE）优化最小二乘支持向量机相结合的轴承故障诊断方法。首先原始振动信号采用EEMD分解得到一组固有模态函数（IMF）,从有效本征模态函数IMF分量中提取的能量特征作为输入建立支持向量机,通过计算不同振动信号的能量熵值大小来判断轴承的故障损伤程度。为了提高模型的诊断精度,采用差分进化算法对LS-SVM的结构参数进行优化,并与LS-SVM和PSO-LSSVM模型相比较。结果表明,DE-LSSVM 模型的故障分类准确性得到了提高,可以有效应用于滚动轴承故障诊断中。     

经验模态分解与EOSA方法的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种利用经验模态分解(EMD)与Teager能量算子解调算法(EOSA)相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法;故障轴承振动信号往往是多分量AM-FM信号,首先对滚动轴承内圈故障调制信号进行EMD分解,得到若干个不同特征时间尺度的内禀模态信号(IMF),然后利用Teager能量算子解调法计算各个内禀模态信号的瞬时幅值,对主要内禀模态信号的瞬时幅值包络谱进行分析,可提取轴承故障信号特征信息;实验分析结果表明,利用经验模态分解与EOSA相结合的方法,可有效提取6205-2RS型深沟球滚动轴承的内圈特征频率fi=162.2Hz及其倍频。     

基于IMF聚合与SVD的城轨车辆牵引电机轴承故障诊断

为有效提取城市轨道车辆牵引电机轴承的故障特征,提出一种基于本征模式分量(IMF)聚合与奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先运用经验模式分解(EMD)将原始振动信号分解成一系列本征模式分量;其次在利用皮尔逊积矩法进行本征模式分量的筛选后将剩余的分量聚合重构,再将重构信号运用奇异值分解降噪;最后对降噪信号进行Hilbert谱分析,实现轴承故障特征向量的提取.城市轨道车辆牵引电机轴承实测数据的分析结果表明该方法能够有效提取故障特征信号,对轴承故障进行有效的诊断.     

矿用带式输送机驱动滚筒轴承振动信号降噪方法

针对现有振动信号降噪方法中经验模态分解存在模态混叠、独立分量分析要求采集的振动信号数不少于源信号数等问题,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和快速独立分量分析(FastICA)的矿用带式输送机驱动滚筒轴承振动信号降噪方法。首先,通过EEMD算法对采集的振动信号进行分解,得到若干不同尺度的包含故障特征频率的本征模态函数(IMF)分量;然后,基于相关系数对IMF分量进行重构,得到特征信号和虚拟噪声信号,将重构的特征信号和虚拟噪声信号组成输入矩阵,并作为FastICA算法的输入;最后,利用FastICA算法实现信号与噪声分离,达到信号降噪的目的。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.