非视距被动声定位与跟踪方法

非视距声信号通过短程线路径绕射到达基阵,将信号传播所得的短程线离散化,通过离散点之间的迭代关系,对绕射信号进行了射线寻迹.针对非视距情况下被动声定位及跟踪技术的特点,基于射线寻迹的原理,提出了对被动声源进行非视距定位的方法,然后利用卡尔曼滤波分别对静止和移动目标进行跟踪.仿真结果表明,当障碍物为非对称几何体时,能够对非视距声源位置及速度进行有效估计.     

GTD应用中任意凸曲面表面爬行波射线寻迹

射线寻迹是几何绕射理论(GTD)解决高频电磁散射和辐射问题的关键步骤.本文通过引入动态规划的数学优化方法,得到了任意凸曲面表面绕射射线的一般寻迹规划模型.并对无限长圆柱、旋转抛物面和任意构造的一凸曲面上爬行射线进行了寻迹计算,结果表明模型方法是正确的.该方法还可以应用到非均匀媒质任意凸曲面的爬行射线寻迹.     

移动数字电视覆盖预测的射线跟踪模型

中国的几十座城市先后实现了车载移动接收数字电视。当发射天线位置高于城市中的高架桥时,直视区域中桥下道路上的信号覆盖受到桥建筑的影响。为预测毗邻高架桥的地面道路上数字电视信号传播损耗,提出了一种以几何光学理论、几何绕射理论及一致性绕射为基础的三雏射线跟踪模型。综合考虑直射线、地面反射线及桥劈绕射线三种因素,给出计入桥劈绕射的四射线及六射线模型。多径模型计算结果及实测结果表明发收天线间距相同时,覆盖视距区域中毗邻桥梁的地面道路上信号路径增益值因绕射波干涉上下波动;多径射线跟踪模型将有助于移动数字电视的覆盖规划。     

旋转抛物面共形阵单元互耦的计算

本文根据微分几何原理，从广义费马原理出发，得到了旋转抛物面上短程线的解析式，避免了数值方法射线寻迹的复杂性，运用一致几何绕射理论（ＵＴＤ）导出了互耦的表达式，并用近似方法进行了数值计算，得出了有用结果这对旋转抛物面共形阵的分析是很重要的。     

导弹头共形阵的射线寻迹及UTD参数计算

本文根据微分几何原理，导出了与导弹头并形的旋转抛物面上绕射场的UTD参数的计算公式。通过拟椭球积分得到了旋转抛物面上短程线的解析式，避免了数值方法射线寻迹的复杂性，同时简化了UTD参数的计算。这些公式是UTD法计算并形阵的辐射特性和耦合特性时所必需的。     

RSS协助的ray-tracing室内定位算法

针对室内定位,当信号受到非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLOS)和多径传播的影响时,本文提出一种接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength, RSS)协助的Ray-tracing室内定位算法,改进已经提出的基于虚拟基站方法的信号到达时间 (Time of Arrival, TOA)和信号到达角度(Direction of Arrival, DOA)室内无线信号Ray-tracing模型,利用信号RSS测量值优化算法,实现TOA、DOA和RSS协同定位,提高室内多径及非视距环境下,无线定位的精度,降低算法复杂度,提高算法处理信号多重散射的能力并降低了对基站的依赖性适用环境更为广泛。首先通过RSS得到信号源可能存在的位置,随后利用Ray-tracing原理并使用虚拟基站,将非视距路径定位问题转化为视距路径定位问题,利用TOA和DOA对直射、透射、反射和绕射情况进行分析建模,最后使用最小二乘法对可能的位置进行筛选,得到信号源的最终位置。仿真结果表明,本算法较改进前拥有更高的定位精度。      

声传感基阵与数据融合的声源定位系统研究

针对实际应用环境中存在的噪声和反射对声源定位精度的影响,探讨一种基于五元平面阵声传感声源定位的三基阵系统的实现方法,利用声信号到达不同位置各传声器的时延差及各基阵几何位置参数关系进行定位.采用几何数学方法分析声源定位的基础,利用FPGA完成声信号的高速采集和预处理.实验证明,在具有一定环境噪声和反射条件下,系统能对声源的距离、方位进行有效定位,实验数据稳定可靠.     

声导航自行小车研究

采用特定频率的声音信号作为声源对小车进行导航,使小车能够通过接收和处理声信号以确定声源方向和位置,并行进至声源处的功能。其中,用硬件滤波电路对声信号进行滤波处理,由FPGA计算声信号到达的时间差,单片机计算出声源偏离小车的角度和距离并产生PWM波驱动电机运转。在行进过程中,小车可以自主追踪移动声源,修正移动路径。准确到达声源处是声导航自行小车的重点和难点。     

源在曲面上的NURBS-UTD方法的爬行波射线寻迹算法研究

辐射源位于凸曲面上的一致性几何绕射理论(UTD)在分析设计电大尺寸平台上天线的应用广泛,本文给出了一种源点位于任意光滑凸曲面上的UTD爬行波射线寻迹算法,使用数值的微分几何方法对暗区爬行波射线进行寻迹.对目标模型引入非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面进行建模,这使得UTD方法可以应用于以往板、柱、锥模型以外的任意光滑曲面模型.本文算法可应用于任意曲面上,数值结果表明了本文算法的有效性及工程适用性.     

一种用于低空声源目标超视距被动声定位的新方法

该文提出了一种用于低空声源目标超视距被动声定位的新算法。该算法根据低空声源目标的声信号在定位反射点的基础上定位目标点,能有效降低声信号超视距传播误差的影响,提高定位精度,为雷达进一步跟踪和定位提供重要信息。仿真结果表明在时延估计精确的情况下,该方法对隐蔽于山后的低空声源目标的位置有较好的估计效果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks