用电化学方法减少钼电极侵蚀

1　引言电熔窑熔化玻璃时大多采用钼电极。钼电极的侵蚀与玻璃液的化学成份 (多价离子、与钼构成低共熔体的离子、澄清剂等 )、电参数 ,尤其是电流密度有关。众所周知 ,用电化学法——阳极保护和阴极保护法 ,能使侵蚀降低到最低限度。在实验室试验中 ,我们研究了不同化学成份的玻璃液以及钼在玻璃液中的特性。钼的阴极保护产生了一层硅化钼 ,从而减少了侵蚀。而阳极的钝化则使电极周围形成一种富氧化物的玻璃液 ,降低了电极的侵蚀速率。2　试　验在全电熔玻璃熔炉中进行了钼电极阴极保护的工业试验。熔窑中熔制的是白色钠钙硅灯罩玻璃 ,日产…     

电熔时玻璃液对电极的作用

简述了玻璃液对钼电极和氧化锡电极侵蚀的一些主要原因,以避免电极损坏,指导电熔窑正确操作.     

钼电极水平插入深度的确定

从多年玻璃电熔的设计、研究与实践出发,介绍了钼电极水平插入深度的问题以及复合式钼电极,对玻璃电熔中常用圆棒与矩形条状钼电极在水平插入时防高温蠕变安全使用强度进行了计算与研究,并将其结论长期用于工程设计。     

玻璃电熔炉钼电极铸造式水套结构的研制

玻璃电熔技术广泛应用于玻璃生产中。钼电极作为玻璃电熔炉中不可缺少的电极部件和消耗品,如何降低它在空气中的氧化速率,保证钼电极长期稳定工作,是设计建造玻璃电熔炉的重要工作之一。在生产中研制了两种钼电极水套,经过多年的生产实践验证,玻璃电熔炉钼电极铸造式水套结构设计合理,加工制造性能良好,使用寿命长,可广泛运用于电熔玻璃生产当中。     

重庆市梁平县电器厂

正本厂三十余年致力于玻璃电熔和电加热设备的研制开发,为玻璃行业提供以下专业产品和服务:1.钼电极、硅碳棒电加热设备,用于各类玻璃制品生产线的整体电加热供料道。2.设计建造小型全电熔玻璃窑炉,提供配套供电系统、控制系统和各类电极。     

高铁黑色玻璃的全电熔熔制

介绍了高铁黑色玻璃的全电熔熔制工艺,讨论了玻璃组成对着色和电熔的影响以及电极的选择和电熔窑的设计等有关内容.铁电极冷顶全电熔池窑熔制黑色玻璃的应用效果表明,熔化热效率72%,单位电耗0.714kWh/kg_(玻璃),电极一次投资1.509～2.000元/t_(玻璃)·d,电极消耗仅为钼电极的1/10.     

电熔α-β刚玉砖的技术创新

电熔α—β刚玉砖是应用于轻工、建材、电子等玻璃窑炉的高档电熔耐火材料,其在抗玻璃侵蚀、高温耐磨、抗发泡、抗结石等方面具有比其它材料更加优异的性能,尤其是具有对玻璃液几乎不污染的结晶构造,因此是玻璃熔窑澄清部、工作池、流道、料道等玻璃成形部位的首选耐火材料。     

硼硅酸盐玻璃和钠钙玻璃电熔炉的设计和应用(续)

2.电极的选择 熔制玻璃时可使用的电极材料有钼、钨、铂、石墨、二氧化锡等,最常用的电极材料是高纯钼电极,其电流密度可达2安/厘米~2。钼在真空中的熔点为2650℃,故在1500～1600℃的玻璃中,钼仍具有一定的强度,适用于熔化温度要求高的玻璃。若使用二氧化锡电极,则其电流密度不得超过0.3安/厘米~2,因此,其直径要比钼电极大得多,冷却水用量也多,在热利用方面不够经济。此外,铂电极昂贵,石墨电极易于着色。故本研究工作采用钼棒作电极。     

上海玻璃熔窑的发展历程

用电能熔制玻璃始于1906年,在上世纪40年代由于钼电极的使用而迅速发展.60年代二氧化锡电极的出现,进一步深化了电熔技术在铅玻璃方面的发展.迄今为止,几乎所有玻璃都能采用电能熔化.电熔窑的主要优势有:大大提高熔窑的热效率,把一次能源燃烧间接传热变成内部焦耳热,因此热效率从火焰窑的30%～60%提高到60%～80%,其次大大降低废气及挥发物的排放.由于采用冷顶工艺,配合料的挥发从火焰炉的6%～15%降低到0.5%～2%,考虑到一次能源的不可再生性及价格继续攀升,因此电熔窑得到了广泛应用.目前主要使用于中小型规模、质量要求高的产品.     

重庆市梁平县电器厂

正本厂三十余年致力于玻璃电熔和电加热设备的研制开发,为玻璃行业提供以下专业产品和服务:1.钼电极、硅碳棒电加热设备,用于各类玻璃制品生产线的整体电加热供料道。2.设计建造小型全电熔玻璃窑炉,提供配套供电系统、控制系统和各类电极。3.电加热马弗炉,用于拉管生产线,不用燃油燃气,提高热效率,减少环境污染。4.排放供料道底部呆滞脏料的泄料装置和设备,有效减少玻璃制品表面的条纹。     

Yb3+掺杂YAG微晶玻璃的制备与晶化性能研究

通过对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元相图相关点的探讨,确定Yb3+掺杂的29.5SiO2-30.5CaO-24 Al2O3-12Y2O3-4 Yb2O3-(0～3)ZrO2玻璃系统,采取高温熔融获得母体玻璃。用DTA和梯温法测定母体玻璃的析晶行为并确定热处理制度。采取XRD,TEM分析热处理后的样品。结果表明,选择的玻璃成分均可得到Yb3+掺杂YAG透明微晶玻璃,含3 mol%ZrO2更有利于得到晶体颗粒的形貌和大小基本一致、分散均匀、尺寸约33 nm的Yb3+掺杂YAG透明微晶玻璃。     

高效多能的IT0膜系镀膜玻璃

采用离线法生产的ITO膜系镀膜玻璃,使用性能优越的氧化铟锡材料作为薄膜基础材料,设计合理的膜系,使得该玻璃具有辐射率低、可见光透射比高、膜层牢固稳定、电阻均匀等诸多优点,广泛应用于建筑玻璃幕墙、冰柜冷藏柜玻璃门、机车电加温玻璃等领域。     

玻璃池窑电辅助加热的物理模拟研究

玻璃池窑的电辅助加热是全面提高池窑效率的有力举措,同时电辅助加热池窑又可以根据市场销售情况自动调节出料量,因而是国内池窑近期发展的方向。本文针对某一试     

罗丹明6G染料掺杂玻璃的制备及光谱特性

解决了铅－锡－氟磷酸盐玻璃中存在的分相问题，设计了较了的玻璃组分。研究了三种不同组分的罗丹明６Ｇ染料掺杂的铅－锡－氟磷酸盐玻璃。实验证明，将。罗丹明６Ｇ染料掺入而未损失其光学活性。     

Influence of Dopants on Nucleation and Growth of High-Quartz Solid Solution in Lithium Aluminosilicate Glass

The kinetic parameters of nucleation and crystal growth of high-quartz solid solution in multicomponent lithium aluminosilicate glasses doped with various transition-metalions were studied by nonisothermal DTA. The crystallization of glasses nucleated at different temperatures was carried out, and plots of the DTA peak versus the nucleation temperatures were used to determine the maximum nucleation rate temperature. Peak temperature data of nucleated samples at varying heating rates (5–20 K/min) were used to determine the activation energy for crystallization via the JMA equation. The temperature of maximum nucleation rate depends greatly on the doped transition- metal ions present. The activation energy for crystallization obtained for undoped glass or glasses doped with Fe₂O₃ is of the same order as that already published, and the Avrami exponent is consistent with predominantly three-dimensional crystal growth. The much higher activation energy values for glasses doped with CoO could be a consequence of two crystallization processes proceeding simultaneously.     

Luminescence and structural evolution in ultra-low melting quaternary tin fluorophosphate glasses (NaF-SnF2-SnO-P2O5)

For transparent low melting inorganic glass, which is relevant for sealing and additional applications, Pb-containing glasses have reached the lowest melting point and best comprehensive performance. Considering potential toxicity and regulatory limitations, there is urgent need to develop Pb-free ultra-low melting point glass. Herein, we systemically investigated the structure and luminescence evolution of the Pb-free ultra-low melting quaternary tin fluorophosphate glasses (NaF-SnF₂-SnO-P₂O₅), in which varied NaF content was tuned to affect the properties of glass. With NaF content increases, the Sn-O and P-O bonds have been gradually transformed to Sn-F and P-F bonds, and the phosphrous tetrahedron PO₄ has been converted to PO₃F. The weaken bonding results in the decrease of the ultra-low melting point to 329°C when NaF increased to 15 a.t.%, 29^oC lower than the ternary glass. The blue shifts of both absorption and photoluminescence spectra were observed due to the higher ionic character of glass structure with NaF increases. As reported previously in the ternary tin fluorophosphate glass, the quaternary glass system also shows a phosphorescence behavior (∼1 s) due to the existence of oxygen vacancies. Additionally, the changes in oxygen vacancy defects correlate with the NaF content, thus affecting the decay time as well. The ultra-low melting point luminescent quaternary tin fluorophosphate glasses (NaF-SnF₂-SnO-P₂O₅) may be relevant for opto-electronic applications such as the packaging in displays or light-emitting diodes.     

Dy3+‐Doped Selenide Chalcogenide Glasses: Influence of Dy3+ Dopant‐Additive and Containment

This work reports on process‐induced impurities in rare‐earth ion: Dy³⁺‐doped selenide chalcogenide glasses, which are significant materials for active photonic devices in the mid‐infrared region. In particular, the effect of contamination from the silica glass ampoule containment used in chalcogenide glass synthesis is studied. Heat‐treating Dy‐foil‐only, and DyCl₃‐only, separately, within evacuated silica glass ampoules gives direct evidence of silica ampoule corrosion by the rare‐earth additives. The presence of [Ga₂Se₃] associated with [Dy] on the silica glass ampoule that has been contact with the chalcogenide glass during glass melting, is reported for the first time. Studies of 0–3000 ppmw Dy³⁺‐doped Ge_16.5As₉Ga₁₀Se_64.5 glasses show that Dy‐foil is better than DyCl₃ as the Dy³⁺ additive in Ge‐As‐Ga‐Se glass in aspects of avoiding bulk crystallization, improving glass surface quality and lowering optical loss. However, some limited Dy/Si/O related contamination is observed on the surfaces of Dy‐foil‐doped chalcogenide glasses, as found for DyCl₃‐doped chalcogenide glasses, reported in our previous work. The surface contamination indicates the production of Dy₂O₃ and/or [≡Si‐O‐Dy=]‐containing particles during chalcogenide glass melting, which are potential light‐scattering centers in chalcogenide bulk glass and heterogeneous nucleation agents for α‐Ga₂Se₃ crystals.     

Super-aligned carbon nanotube films as aligning layers and transparent electrodes for liquid crystal displays

Super-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) film is a transparent conductive film composed of numerous parallel CNTs connected to each other by the van der Waals force. We have found that such films, attached to glass, can readily align liquid crystal molecules. A prototype liquid crystal display (LCD) using the film as the aligning layer has been fabricated. The on-off ratio of the as-prepared display cell is 85 when 24 V is the applied voltage. Because of its high transparency, the film can simultaneously be used as a transparent electrode material, in place of expensive indium tin oxide. The resistance of the film makes it a suitable built-in heating layer, extending the working temperature range of LCDs.     

玻璃窑炉电极砖运行管理

板状氧化锡电极砖会随着窑炉运行出现不同程度的侵蚀,造成窑炉工艺偏离,影响生产的稳定性。通过检测OLED及LTPS平板显示基板玻璃窑炉半成品玻璃中氧化锡质量百分比的变化,确定氧化锡板状电极砖推进量,优化推进时间及推进量,进而稳定窑炉工艺状态及窑内液流。