石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫过程中细颗粒物形成特性

利用石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫模拟试验装置分析探讨脱硫净烟气中细颗粒物物性与脱硫浆液中晶体粒度分布、浓度、形貌及元素组成间的关系,并试验考察了烟气组分及脱硫工艺条件对脱硫净烟气中细颗粒物排放的影响。结果发现:石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫过程中可生成大量亚微米级细颗粒,生成的细颗粒物性与脱硫浆液中晶体物性存在密切关系,脱硫操作参数如空塔气速、液气比等对脱硫浆液液滴夹带量存在显著影响;脱硫浆液蒸发夹带是石灰石-石膏法脱硫过程中生成细颗粒物的主要来源,通过抑制细小石膏晶粒的形成及优化脱硫工艺参数可减少石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫过程中细颗粒的形成。     

镁离子对烟气脱硫浆液起泡的影响研究

吸收塔浆液溢流在我国火力发电厂广泛使用的石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫技术中十分常见,这会导致脱硫效率降低、石膏品质下降,并且严重影响脱硫系统的稳定运行。本文以马鞍山当涂火力发电厂为研究对象,采集了吸收塔浆液、石灰石浆液、工艺水、废水,研究探讨了镁离子对烟气脱硫浆液起泡的影响。     

脱硫辅塔浆液pH值测量方法研究

石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)系统浆液pH值与系统脱硫性能、石灰石溶解、亚硫酸盐氧化、石膏结晶具有密切关系,为基于浆液pH值的实时特性实现脱硫系统的优化运行,必须实现浆液pH值的准确测量。在综述当前脱硫塔pH值测量方法的基础上,提出了一种新型的脱硫辅塔浆液pH值测量装置,可以真实测量辅塔浆液pH值及pH值变化,真实反映出吸收塔与辅塔pH值分区效果,为超低排放后优化运行提供依据。     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫吸收塔结构与设计

本文从吸收塔结构,塔内pH值、液气比、空塔流速、流场等参数设置,喷淋层与除雾器优化方面系统论述了石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫工艺吸收塔的设计要点,并对吸收塔防腐防磨、防中毒的办法进行了阐述,强化了对吸收塔设计的理解和运用。     

关于热电厂脱硫化验项目的研究

通过石膏湿法脱硫技术工作原理和实验方法,保证了呼和浩特金桥热电厂机组脱硫所用的石灰石粉的质量,保证了石灰石粉制成的浆液质量,使吸收塔的脱硫效率达到设计要求。     

燃煤电厂石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫系统的设计参数选取

针对燃煤电厂石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫设计过程中的参数选取,通过分析石灰石/石膏脱硫系统的组成,对脱硫系统设计中空塔流、浆液pH、浆液Cl-离子浓度、浆液密度、喷雾粒径、石灰石停留时间、石膏停留时间、石灰石粒径、自然氧化率等相关工艺参数进行阐述,详细分析了以上参数对脱硫系统的影响及原理,提出以上参数的设计取值,为石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫系统超低排放改造提供设计指导。     

一种新型的吸收塔浆液密度测量方式的应用

在石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫（FGD）系统中,吸收塔因浆液起泡、振动影响等,依靠常规差压法不能准确、有效地测量浆液密度。本文介绍了吸收塔浆液密度测量的另一种方法：“基于信息融合的吸收塔浆液密度测量方式”。本测量方案采取固定段浆液液柱差压的测量代替直接测量某一处浆液密度的方法,并分段测得密度的变化情况,既可节约成本,密度测量结果也更准确。使用结果表明,该种密度测量方法大大提高了吸收塔浆液密度测量的准确性和稳定性,确保了FGD系统安全平稳运行,为其他电厂FGD系统吸收塔浆液密度测量改造提供了优化选择。     

浅析湿法脱硫吸收塔搅拌及氧化风管的布置

结合湿法(石灰/石灰石-石膏法)脱硫工艺特点及吸收塔内浆液特性,介绍了湿法吸收塔常用的搅拌装置及氧化风系统设计布置形式及工作原理,并对其各自优缺点进行了分析。     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统在水泥生产中的应用

介绍了石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的工艺流程及技术优势,分析了实际应用中存在的石灰石纯度低,石灰石浆液输送管道易堵塞、易受冻,液位控制方法不当,脱硫塔底部存在沉淀物等问题及解决措施。生产实际表明,石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统脱硫效率高,使用成本低,操作简单,运行稳定可控;原料磨运行时,SO₂排放浓度可控制在≤10mg/Nm3;原料磨停磨时,SO₂排放浓度可控制在≤30mg/Nm³,石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统完全可满足水泥生产脱硫需求。     

循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫技改小结

1 脱硫方案选择 山东红日阿康化工股份有限公司于2001年建设了1套35t／h循环流化床锅炉装置,由于当时只设置了电除尘,而没有设置脱硫装置,因此,上级环保部门按规划要求限期完成脱硫改造。设计脱硫方案采用电厂常用的方法,即石膏湿法脱硫。石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺主要是采用石灰石或石灰作为脱硫吸收剂,石灰石经破碎磨细成粉状与水混合搅拌制成吸收浆液。在吸收塔内,吸收浆液与烟气接触混合,     

白泥脱硫浆液与石膏理化特性

目前白泥湿法烟气脱硫已实现工业化应用,但对白泥脱硫浆液与石膏理化特性方面鲜有报道,因此对白泥脱硫浆液与石膏理化特性进行了研究。实验中测定了白泥的含水率、pH,采用XRD、XPS、激光粒度分布仪、ICP-MS、离子色谱仪、SEM等对白泥、脱硫石膏及脱硫浆液进行理化特性分析;综合考虑了造纸过程对白泥成分的影响,探讨了白泥和白泥浆液颜色变化的原因。实验和分析结果表明,白泥的理化特性和石灰石有明显差异,白泥的pH高于石灰石,含水率最高可达40%,白泥中Na、K、Mg含量高于石灰石;白泥浆液溶解性盐过高,但重金属含量较低;白泥石膏质量较好,但溶解性盐对石膏应用可能产生影响。白泥可代替石灰石作为湿法烟气脱硫的吸收剂,白泥与石灰石理化特性差异对白泥应用于湿法烟气脱硫的影响有待更深入研究。     

The Degree of Desulphurization of a Limestone/Gypsum Wet FGD Spray Tower using Response Surface Methodology

The degree of desulphurization was studied using response surface methodology (RSM), which enables effect examinations of parameters with a moderate number of experiments. All experiments were conducted in a lab‐scale spray tower for limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization (FGD). The model flue gas was prepared from air and SO₂ gas. The SO₂ concentrations in the gas phase were determined by a multi‐method analyzer. The degree of desulphurization correlated well with operating parameters, including pH, L/G, T, and v, with a determination coefficient R–Sq of 0.964. Effect tests indicate that L/G has the most significant influence on the degree of desulphurization. The interactions of L/G with pH, and with v, both play important roles. The result indicates that the evolutive response surface model is helpful to describe the degree of desulphurization of the limestone/gypsum wet FGD spray tower.     

Simulation of the operation of an industrial wet flue gas desulfurization system

In this work the simulation of a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) unit with spray tower of a power plant is presented, aiming at an efficient follow-up and the optimization of the FGD system operation. The dynamic model developed to simulate the performance of the system has been validated with operation data collected over a long period of time. All the partaking physical and chemical processes like the limestone dissolution, the crystallization of calcium sulfite and gypsum and the oxidation of sulfite ions have been taken into account for the development of the simulation model while the gas absorption by the liquid droplets was based on the two-film theory. The effect of the mean diameter of the slurry droplets on the performance of the system was examined, as it was used as an index factor of the normal operation of the system. The operation limits of the system were investigated on the basis of the model developed. It is concluded that the model is capable of simulating the system for significantly different SO₂ loads and that the absorption rate of SO₂ is strongly affected by the liquid dispersion in the tower.     

Experimental investigation of the degradation rate of adipic acid in wet flue gas desulphurisation plants

The aim of this work is to study the degradation rate of adipic acid in wet FGD plants using forced oxidation. The investigation is experimentally demanding because the degradation rate must be studied under realistic conditions present in pilot plants or industrial plants only. This is the first systematic investigation including both chemical and biological degradation. The influence on the degradation rate of adipic acid was studied: The concentration of adipic acid (0–2100 mg/l), trace-metals, Cl⁻ (0–50 g/l), pH (4.7 and 5.4), and temperature (32, 42 and 50 °C). Furthermore, the degradation rate of adipic acid was examined in two types of limestone/gypsum slurry: one based on limestone, distilled water and flue gas from natural gas combustion, the other on slurry liquid taken from the wet FGD plant of a full-scale power plant (coal combustion) with limestone subsequently added. The first order rate constant, using slurry based on natural gas combustion, was estimated to 0.60±0.10 day⁻¹ which is more than twice the value of the rate constant estimated from experiments based on slurry from the full-scale wet FGD plant (0.25±0.10 day⁻¹). Both types of slurry were examined for biological activity. In the slurry based on natural gas combustion no biological activity was found. Independent laboratory tests showed that biological activity contributed to the degradation rate of adipic acid in the slurry liquid from the full-scale wet FGD plant, though the effect could not be quantified. Analysis of the slurries for selected trace metals showed significantly higher concentrations in the slurry from the full-scale plant. It was found that increasing concentrations of trace metals and chloride inhibits the chemical degradation of adipic acid.     

氧化锰矿浆脱硫制硫酸锰反应塔设计与应用

以处理某锰企电解锰渣煅烧装置产生的高浓度SO2烟气的脱硫反应塔为例,将该反应塔与石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫塔进行对比及分析,并对反应塔的选型、塔主体结构和防腐处理进行介绍.氧化锰矿浆脱硫制硫酸锰技术的核心设备是反应塔.反应塔内脱硫浆液与含硫烟气逆流接触反应,脱硫后的烟气达标排放,反应生成硫酸锰浆液返回电解锰车间回收处理.反应塔设计进口烟气量为135300 m3/h,烟气中φ(SO2)最高可达9.07%.运行结果表明,该反应塔运行稳定,浆液混合均匀,系统无堵塞和可见腐蚀,出口气体ρ(SO2)≤200 mg/m3,锰浸出率最高可达90%.     

脱硫添加剂甲酸的应用分析及探讨

介绍了有机酸作为第二代脱硫技术的改进措施,国内某些燃煤火电厂为了适应煤种变化,改善脱硫效果,正在尝试使用甲酸作为脱硫添加剂,从甲酸在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫中的作用机理,及应用情况和经济效益方面进行了分析探讨,表明甲酸适用于电厂燃煤硫份超标或循环泵检修时吸收塔的调整运行。     

废碱液脱硫独特的塔外氧化技术

废碱液作为脱硫剂已成功应用于烟气脱硫领域,由于废碱液是一种工业废弃物,杂质较多,部分成分阻碍亚硫酸钙的氧化,使得脱硫浆液难以氧化。因此,在废碱液-石膏法脱硫工艺中采用独特的塔外氧化技术,取得了明显的吸收和氧化效果。     

脱硫添加剂DBA的应用分析及探讨

以国内燃煤火电厂正在尝试使用的有机酸脱硫添加剂DBA为例,论述了DBA在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫中的作用机理,从应用条件及经济效果方面进行了分析及探讨,表明DBA适用于电厂燃煤硫份超标或循环泵检修时吸收塔的调整运行。     

石灰石／石灰—石膏湿法脱硫反应塔模型比较

就二氧化硫的污染控制最常用方法－石灰石／石灰－石膏湿法脱硫的几种主要的反应塔模型进行了比较。讨论了已经发展的几种基本传质吸收模型,包括薄膜理论、渗透理论以及表面更新理论在脱硫反应塔建模中的应用,特别是对于新型脱硫塔－液柱脱硫塔的建模作了初步探索,并从模型基本理论的角度分析了现行的各种脱硫反应塔工艺之间的差别,以及如何通过加强传质反应来提高脱硫设备的运行效率等问题。     

电石渣在燃煤电厂脱硫工艺中的应用研究进展

近年来,电石渣在燃煤电厂干法脱硫工艺的应用中取得了较多进展,但在湿法脱硫的应用中仍存在消溶特性差、亚硫酸钙氧化率低、石膏脱水困难等诸多问题,导致其难以大规模推广。本文从电石渣的理化性质出发,分析了孔隙结构、反应温度、Ca/S摩尔比对脱硫效率的影响,并探讨了电石渣作为脱硫剂对循环流化床锅炉效率及运行的影响,结合电石渣的消溶特性、浆液氧化特性及石膏脱水特性,分析了电石渣在湿法脱硫工艺应用中存在的问题,提出了一种以电石渣为原料,利用燃煤机组再生水深度处理系统生产石灰石浆液的工艺路线,并在2×660MW超超临界燃煤机组再生水深度处理系统中进行了可行性试验,当Ca(OH)₂纯度≥95%时,合理的污泥掺配比例区间为50%~70%,所产石膏达到了二级石膏的品质要求。