微地震法水驱前缘监测技术时间推移监测试验

微地震法水驱前缘监测技术时间推移监测试验通过监测选定区块内注水井不同注水阶段的水驱前缘,了解区块内各注水井的优势注水方向、推进距离等监测参数的变化情况,与地质资料相结合,最终给出随时间推移的水驱前缘展布图。本文重点介绍了微地震法水驱前缘监测原理以及时间推移监测试验测试实例,分析此项技术在大庆油田生产中的作用,及时掌握井组的水驱波及动用状况,加强注采井组调控,为区块开发方案制定及调整注水开发方案提供依据。     

石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展

在介绍石油降解微生物及其降解机理的基础上,重点阐述了石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究进展,主要包括生物刺激法、生物强化法、生物通风法及微生物联合修复法,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

溢油污染发生后的生物修复技术

溢油污染发生后,为避免次生灾害应立即进行应急处置,同时修复环境污染,以恢复环境质量与基本功能。环境修复处理包括对泄漏油品的控制、回收及环境恢复过程。生物修复技术包括生物通风、泥浆相生物处理等五种微生物修复技术和植物修复技术,为处理溢油污染,需要联合采用各种修复技术,以期实现对被石油污染环境的最佳修复。     

生物通风修复多种有机污染物体系的模拟分析

针对多污染物体系的生物通风修复过程，对生物通风（bioventing, BV）操作中的空气注入方式，单井修复还是多井修复及生物降解作用用BIOVENT软件进行了模拟，系统研究了各种操作条件对修复效果的影响。模拟研究结果表明：BV修复现场采用间歇注入的操作方式，其处理效果与连续注入方式相似，且可减小操作费用；在受污染区域小的现场采用单井修复较为合适，而当受污染区域远大于单井影响半径时，应采用多井修复才能够达到较好修复效果；BV修复前期宜使用较大空气速率来加快挥发性有机污染物的挥发速率，后期则宜采用较小空气速率以充分利用微生物降解作用去除土壤中残留污染物。     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究进展

随着化石资源大量开发利用,土壤石油污染问题日益严重.生物修复技术因其环境友好、成本低的优势在石油污染土壤修复领域得到了广泛的重视.本文介绍了土壤石油污染生物修复技术术的理论基础、影响因素及作用机理的研究进展,分析了生物修复石油污染土壤研究面临的挑战,提出了研究展望.     

污染地下水的生物修复

在综合论述生物修复技术概念和特点的基础上,研究得出该技术的应用是有前提条件的,并且具体分析了影响生物技术的各种因素,提出该技术实施时需要注意的技术要点.同时还介绍了目前实施较多的几种地下水污染的生物修复技术,分析了每项研究技术的特点.因其安全性和可操作性,地下水污染的生物修复技术在我国具有广阔的发展应用前景.     

生物氧化及原位生物修复技术在炼油厂水土修复中的应用

炼油厂因炼油所产生的废水以及周边的土壤污染是环境污染的重要源头之一.文章对当前的炼油厂废水及遭污染的土壤的生物修复技术进行了探讨.发现废水采用悬浮载体生物接触氧化和臭氧生物活性炭工艺处理,对主要污染物都有良好的去除效果,可以满足环境的要求,而对土壤的修复则多用植物和微生物等原位生物修复技术进行修复.这种修复方法不仅技术简单,而且成本低廉,适合大量推广.     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术现状与展望

石油泄漏对环境、经济和社会造成负面影响,有效的修复技术是油污土壤治理的关键,生物修复技术已经被证明可在原位和易地进行低成本、较小环境代价的石油污染土壤修复。综述了生物强化、生物刺激、生物通风等技术原理及应用效果,评价了生物修复技术的优缺点,阐述了生物修复技术的研究热点及未来发展趋势,为污染土壤修复提供生物解决方案。     

土壤多环芳烃污染生物表面活性剂强化修复的研究进展

主要针对生物表面活性剂强化降解多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤的生物修复技术进行综述。介绍了PAHs的污染现状及毒性效应,对生物表面活性剂的来源与分类进行了总结,重点从生物表面活性剂强化微生物修复技术、植物修复技术、微生物-植物联合修复技术三个方面介绍了近年来PAHs生物修复技术的最新研究进展,讨论了生物和非生物因素对强化生物降解PAHs的影响,分析了生物表面活性剂强化PAHs降解机理以及目前存在的技术缺陷和瓶颈,并指出今后的研究方向。     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术进展

生物修复技术对石油污染土壤进行治理以效率高、安全性好、无二次污染、易于管理等优点,是当前治理石油污染较为理想的有效方法。文章综合论述了国内外对石油污染土壤的几种生物修复方法,分别介绍了利用植物修复、动物修复及微生物修复进行治理的三种生物修复技术,并对国外生物修复技术在石油污染土壤中的发展及应用状况进行了论述;同时,对国内生物修复技术的发展状况进行了分析;最后,提出了生物修复技术在土壤石油污染治理中的局限性和存在的问题,并展望了今后生物修复技术的发展前景。     

新型气化型煤粘结剂

介绍一种新型气化煤粘结剂的制备方法和粘结作用机理，该粘结剂属有机粘结剂，粘结能力强，煤种适用范围广。制取的气化型煤机械强度高，灰份低，固定碳含量高。     

汽车用灯头的注射模设计

针对汽车用塑料灯头的结构特点与工作环境,分析了灯头结构的复杂性、材料性能,注身工艺条件、合理地设计了注射成型模具,采用了组合式下模型芯来完成内孔的复杂成型,同时采用组合式侧抽芯来完成外侧面的卡钩与上面的穿线孔的成型,简化了模具的结构。     

Criteria for the affinity of dyes for fibres

An equation was obtained for evaluating the thermodynamic affinity of a disperse dye for a fibre. Quantities Δh _D and K _D , which are functions of the composition of the dye bath, temperature, and state of the fibre material, can characterize the change in the affinity of the dye for the fibre when the dyeing conditions are varied.     

焊制三通雌雄样板计算机放样软件的开发

应用VC 语言开发了焊制三通雌雄样板放样软件,该软件能快速、准确地完成正三通、斜三通、顺流三通、Y型三通雌雄样板的放样工作。详细介绍了程序的编制过程以及软件的特点。     

Guidance for Mutual Disposition of Chromophores for Singlet Fission

The choice of chromophores and of their mutual geometrical arrangement for optimized singlet fission (SF) rates are considered. The electronic matrix element that enters the Fermi golden rule for the rate of SF is worked out algebraically for a simple model, but the density of states factor is not analyzed here. The model treats only the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals of the partners. It provides an approximate formula that requires only the knowledge of the expansion coefficients of these orbitals and of overlap integrals between atomic orbitals on the partners to obtain an estimate of the electronic matrix element. An illustrative application to a pair of ethylene molecules suggests that favored geometries will be those in which one of the AOs on the first ethylene overlaps with both AOs on the second ethylene, while the other AO on the first ethylene overlaps with at least one, and preferably both, AOs of the second ethylene as little as possible.     

Test procedure for evaluation of catalysts for nitrile reduction

A procedure was developed that examines the effectiveness of nickel catalysts for the hydrogenation of fatty nitriles to amines. Rates of reaction, selectivity, and olefinic reduction were the parameters studied. The procedure can be used for new catalyst screening and is ideally suited for quality assurance testing of production catalysts. It involves the reduction of nitriles to amines at 410°F (210°C) and 500 psig using a .2% Ni loading level. A mixture of primary and secondary amines is obtained which is characteristic of the catalyst’s selectivity. Both sponge and supported nickel catalysts were tested using tallow nitriles as the feedstock.     

Strategy for development of fertilizer solutions for greenhouse tomatoes

A study of fertilization practices in intensively grown tomatoes, leading to a projection of developments in fertilizer usage is presented. Targets of optimal fertilization strategy were defined as follows: maximize fruit yield; maximize fruit quality; minimize environmental pollution with fertilizers; minimize corrosion of the fertilizer distribution system; minimize expenses on fertilizers. Information was gathered by literature searches and by personal interviews and visits to research institutes and growers.Rechecking of some fertilization practices for greenhouse tomatoes grown in detached media is proposed. The review indicates that the following should be rechecked: ammonium/nitrate ratio in fertilizer formulations; use of urea in fertilizer solutions; levels of phosphates applied; levels of sulphate applied; simple iron salts vs. chelated iron application; osmotic potential (OP), expressed as electrical conductivity (EC), of the nutrient solution at various growth stages.EC, pH and estimated prices of fertilizer solutions were calculated and presented in tables.