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慕慧娟 《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2022,(21):121-123
哈萨克斯坦是丝绸之路经济带上中国西出欧亚的重要通道之一,两国有着源远流长的历史交织。哈萨克斯坦丰富的石油、天然气等油气资源成为两国经济合作最重要的领域,两国在能源合作上具有巨大的潜力和开阔空间。本部分通过对中国和哈萨克斯坦贸易发展、计量体系、检测能力和国际互认等状况进行比较分析和特征描述,进而对中哈能源管输计量的发展阶段、趋势及不足进行分析,以期更好地促进双方能源经贸合作。 相似文献
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随着能源需求的不断扩大,环保要求日益提高,加之多个国家雄心勃勃的可再生能源发展目标,新能源产业一定会成为"一带一路"能源合作的新蓝海.基于当前"一带一路"新能源合作基础,分析中国新能源产业的国际比较优势,发现国际能源合作新机会,明晰潜在风险,展望未来发展前景. 相似文献
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俄罗斯及中亚五国油气资源丰富,但石油化工行业相对落后,推进中国与俄罗斯及中亚五国石油化工产业合作,是建设能源丝绸之路的重要内容。目前,俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦正大力发展石化产业,中国石油化工企业可抓住机遇,在丝绸之路经济带框架下,与俄罗斯的石化产业合作从顶层设计出发,深度融合;与中亚五国可共谋油气资源通道和供需互保,建立油气加工转化合作带,推动区域经济一体化发展,建立互惠双赢的利益共同体。同时,在与俄罗斯及中亚五国石化合作中要高度重视环境及生态保护。加强在俄罗斯及中亚五国的石油化工产业合作与布局,对参与丝绸之路经济带建设具有重要支撑意义。 相似文献
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1 中国新一代煤(能源)化工发展概述 国家将"煤的清洁高效开发利用、液化及多联产"确定为2006-2020年68项优先发展主题之一,明确列入<国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要>中,从创新型国家发展的战略高度,为我国新一代煤(能源)化工产业的发展途径指明了发展方向. 相似文献
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陕西省发展和改革委员会 《应用化工》2006,35(Z1):42-51
能源化工产业在陕西经济发展中具有特殊重要性,它不仅是国民经济的基础产业,更是推动全省经济快速发展的支柱产业.陕西省委、省政府对能源化工产业发展高度重视,将之作为全省重点发展的三大支柱产业之一.为此,对陕西能源化工产业发展的资源条件、现状及前景作一介绍和探讨. 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献