无线区域网和认知无线电技术(2)

802．22工作组的主要任务是开发和建立一套基于认知无线电（CR）技术，在现有电视频段利用暂时空闲的频道进行无线通信的区域网空中接口标准。由于基于802．22协议的无线区域网（WRAN）工作在现有电视频段中，要求不能对正在广播的电视频道产生干扰，所以WRAN采用了认知无线电技术，对电视频段进行感知和测量，利用动态频谱管理技术找到空闲频道进行再分配。认知无线电技术将是未来无线通信的发展方向之一。本讲座将分3期对无线区域网和认知无线电技术进行介绍，第1讲介绍无线区域网络和IEEE802．22工作组情况，包括WRAN背景、802．22系统、802．22空中接口等；第2讲介绍认知无线电技术和实现其的基础软件无线电（SDR）技术，包括无线电知识描述语言（RKRL）和认知循环、无线电频谱礼仪等；第3讲介绍802．22WRAN频谱共存问题和认知无线电技术的应用。[编者按]     

无线区域网和认知无线电技术

802.22工作组的主要任务是开发和建立一套基于认知无线电（CR）技术。在现有电视频段利用暂时空闲的频道进行无线通信的区域网空中接口标准。由于基于802.22协议的无线区域网（WRAN）工作在现有电视频段中，要求不能对正在广播的电视频道产生干扰，所以WRAN采用了认知无线电技术，对电视频段进行感知和测量。利用动态频谱管理技术找到空闲频道进行再分配。认知无线电技术将是未来无线通信的发展方向之一。本讲座分3期对无线区域网和认知无线电技术进行介绍，第1讲已经介绍无线区域网络和IEEE802．22工作组情况，包括WRAN背景、802.22系统、802．22空中接口等；第2讲已经介绍认知无线电技术和实现其的基础软件无线电（SDR）技术，包括无线电知识描述语言（RKRL）和认知循环、无线电频谱礼仪等；本讲介绍802．22WRAN频谱共存问题和认知无线电技术的应用。[编者按]     

无线通信领域的“下一个大事件”——认知无线电

认知无线电是在软件无线电基础上发展而来的能够自适应外界环境变化的智能无线通信系统,其核心思想是使无线通信设备具有发现"频谱空穴"并合理利用所发现的"频谱空穴"的能力。认知无线电的提出为从根本上解决日益增长的无线通信需求与有限的无线频谱资源之间的矛盾开辟了一条行之有效的新途径。从认知无线电技术的研究背景入手,综合阐述了认知无线电的定义及其特点、实现认知无线电的关键技术以及超宽带与认知无线电相结合的认知超宽带通信技术。     

认知无线电技术综述

认知无线电是一种智能频谱共享技术,通过它授权用户的频谱资源得以利用.认知无线电具备感知无线通信环境、并可根据一定的学习和决策算法,实时、自适应地改变系统工作参数的能力,通过对它的利用实现了对无线频谱资源的动态使用,提高频谱资源的利用率.在对认知无线电技术提出的背景、认知无线电技术概念的发展和主要研究内容进行了介绍.     

认知无线电技术

随着无线通信技术的发展。无线用户的数量急剧增加，使得频谱资源变得越来越紧张，如何充分提高无线频谱的利用率成为亟待解决的技术问题。认知无线电技术提出了一种新的解决思路。其核心思想就是使无线通信设备具有发现“频谱空洞”并合理利用所发现的“空洞”的能力。虽然认知无线电技术能以更为灵活的方式来管理有限的频谱资源，但要真正将其应用于实际通信系统还需解决包括频谱检测、自适应频谱资源分配和无线频谱管理等关键技术问题。     

认知无线电系统中频谱感知方法的研究

由于无线通信技术的飞速发展，因此无线资源频谱日趋紧张．而另一方面现有无线通信网络采用的固定频谱分配策略导致许多已分配的频段在大多数情况下未能被充分利用。认知无线电技术的出现为提高频谱利用率提供了一条新的思路．认知无线电的一个重要要求就是能够动态的感知并接入频段，这就需要人们能够感知出空闲频段。论文主要介绍了认知无线电系统中的频谱感知方法，并运用能量检测法对对OFDM信号进行了仿真分析．     

无线区域网和认知无线电技术(1)

802．22工作组的主要任务是开发和建立一套基于认知无线电（CR）技术，在现有电视频段利用暂时空闲的频谱进行无线通信的区域网空中接口标准。由于基于802．22协议的无线区域网（WRAN）工作在现有电视频段中，要求不能对正在广播的电视频谱产生干扰，所以WRAN采用了CR技术，对电视频段进行感知和测量，利用动态频谱管理技术找到空闲频谱进行再分配。CR技术将是未来无线通信的发展方向之一。本讲座将分3期对无线区域网和认知无线电技术进行介绍，第1讲介绍无线区域网和IEEE802．22工作组情况，包括WRAN背景、80222系统、802．22空中接口等；第2讲介绍CR技术和实现其的基础——软件无线电（SDR）技术，包括无线电知识描述语言（RKRL）和认知循环、无线电频谱礼仪等；第3讲介绍802．22WRAN频谱共存问题和CR技术的应用。     

认知无线电技术发展概述

随着无线数据业务的爆发式增长,提高无线通信频谱使用效率已经成为无线通信产业必须面对的重要挑战。基于认知无线电技术的频谱共用及多维协同机制为频谱资源的获取及充分利用提供解决方案,从认知无线电的概念和关键技术入手,对认知无线电的热点应用场景及标准化工作进展进行深度剖析。     

一种新的智能无线技术——认知无线电技术

认知无线电技术(CR——cognitiveradio)是软件无线电技术的演化,是一种新的智能无线通信技术。它可以感知到无线电传输的环境特征,通过无线电知识描述语言与通信网络进行智能交流,来调整其传输参数,使系统的无线规则满足用户通信最佳性能的需求。文章对认知无线电技术进行了较详细介绍,包括其概念、通信特点、工作过程和部分关键技术等,最后指出了未来认知无线电技术的若干重要发展方向。     

能量检测在认知无线电频谱感知中的应用

随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,无线电频谱资源日趋紧张。认知无线电已经成为解决现有频谱资源匮乏的非常有前途有前景的技术。认知无线电是一种智能的无线通信系统,它能够感知周围的无线环境,通过一定的方法相应地改变某些工作参数来实时地适应环境,从而达到提高频谱利用率、缓解频谱资源紧张的目的。频谱感知是认知无线电中最具挑战的问题之一。详细介绍了基于能量检测的频谱感知方法,并从理论上分析研究能量检测法的检测性能,最后通过MATLAB仿真分析能量检测法对于OFDM信号的检测性能。     

Spectrum handoff in cognitive radio with fuzzy logic control

The secondary usage of spectrum has been investigated in Cognitive Radio (CR) network to resolving the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless communication. When Primary Users (PU) who own the spectrum appear, spectrum handoff is needed to maintain the communications of Secondary Users. But the decision making of spectrum handoff is a challenge issue for CR network, because the input of decision making, which obtain through spectrum sensing, is heterogeneous and inexact. In this paper we will use fuzzy logic control theory to solve this issue and make use of new information for handoff operation: the probability of PU’s occupancy at a certain channel. Our new algorithm can make more intelligent decision compared to simple traditional spectrum handoff decision making and reduce the probability of spectrum handoff, also the performance of SU’s communication can be enhanced.     

A dynamic spectrum access network based on cognitive radio

Dynamic spectrum access technologies based on Cognitive Radio (CR) is under intensive research carried out by the wireless communication society and is expected to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity. However, most enabling technologies related to dynamic spectrum access are considered individually. In this paper, we consider these key technologies jointly and introduce a new implementation scheme for a Dynamic Spectrum Access Network Based on Cognitive Radio (DSAN-BCR). We start with a flexible hardware platform for DSAN-BCR, as well as a flexible protocol structure that dominates the operation of DSAN-BCR. We then focus on the state of the art of key technologies such as spectrum sensing, spectrum resources management, dynamic spectrum access, and routing that are below the network layer in DSAN-BCR, as well as the development of technologies related to higher layers. Last but not the least, we analyze the challenges confronted by these mentioned technologies in DSAN-BCR, and give the perspectives on the future development of these technologies. The DSAN-BCR introduced is expected to provide a system level guidance to alleviate the problem of spectrum scarcity.     

基于认知无线电系统的协作中继分布式功率分配算法

协作通信与直接通信相比能够显著地提高系统性能。协作通信中的一个关键问题是管理中继节点及有效地进行功率分配。尤其对于频谱共享的认知无线电(Cognitive Radio,CR)系统,协作方案的设计不仅要最大限度地提高认知网络协作的功率效率,而且需要最小化对主系统的干扰。该文针对认知无线电系统的协作通信问题,在多个中继节点与源节点协同通信的场景下,提出了一种基于放大转发(Amplify and Forward,AF)模式下的功率分配及联合优化算法,在保证主系统传输性能不受影响的前提下,提高认知系统的传输速率。仿真结果表明该文提出的自适应协作传输方案,和直接传输及等功率传输方案相比获得了进一步的性能增益,中断概率显著下降。     

Interference estimation and its applications in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) has been proposed as a system-level means to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency. The most significant premise for CR networks is to avoid harmful interference to the licensed users. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the potential interference introduced by the deployment of CR networks so that CR networks can be coexistence with Licensed User (LU) networks by designing proper system parameters. In this paper, two statistical models of potential interference due to CR networks are developed based on transmitter and receiver oriented spectrum sensing schemes, respectively. The approximate probability distributions of aggregate interference introduced by CR networks are then derived with respect to the obtained models. With the help of these probability distributions, a method is further presented to get the critical system parameter, i.e., sensing distance and user density of the CR networks, so that the introduced interference can be controlled to predefined level. Numerical results validate the proposed interference estimation method and confirm the effectiveness of interference distribution based system parameter design.     

Sensing tasks allocation in cellular-based cognitive radio network

In Cognitive Radio (CR) Networks, especially in Cellular-based CR networks, in order to obtain the precise spectrum state which is available in the whole coverage, the spectrum sensing function need to be accomplished by the cooperation of multi-sensing nodes, i.e., cooperative spectrum sensing. This paper mainly focuses on the key question of the cooperative spectrum sensing: How many sensing nodes are required and how to allocate the sensing tasks to these sensing nodes in an effective way? In this paper, we classify the spectrum bands into three categories by a pre-sensing mechanism, in order to firstly exclude unavailable channels and select candidate channels for fine sensing in the next stage. Then the required number of sensing node for each candidate channel is determined by the proposed scheme. Through the scheme proposed in this paper, the sensing tasks allocation in cellular-based CR network can be accomplished in a high effective way and the sensing overhead could keep a low level.     

Graph-theoretic algorithm for spectrum allocation in IEEE 802.22 wireless mesh network

The IEEE 802.22 standard based on wireless Cognitive Radio (CR) is an optimal solution to resolve the inefficient spectrum utility problem. In this paper, we focus on the spectrum allocation in IEEE 802.22 mesh networks and propose a new graph-theory algorithm. The algorithm aims at two objectives: one is the sum of the allocated channel bandwidth is maximum, and the other is the number of users can be active simultaneity is maximum. In this proposed algorithm, the topology of network was modeled as a general graph and could be transformed into a weighted complete bipartite-graph by three processes. The simulations show that the presented algorithm can improve the performance of spectrum allocation.     

无线物联网中的频谱感知模型研究

In the last few years, the number of devices operating in wireless Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced tremendous growth. On the other hand, the growth results in spectrum scarcity. Cognitive Radio (CR) systems have been proposed to efficiently exploit the spectra that have been assigned but are underutilized. In this paper, a spectrum sensing model based on Markov chain is proposed to predict the spectrum hole for CR in wireless IoT. Theoretical analysis and simulation results have been evaluated that a Markov model with two-state or four-state works well enough in wireless IoT whereas a model with more states is not necessary for it is complex.     

认知无线电关键技术研究

讨论目前认知无线电频谱的两个重要技术—感知和预测。针对感知无线通信环境下,根据一定的学习和决策算法,实时自适应地改变系统工作参数,动态检测和有效利用空闲频谱,仿真表明,理论上允许在时间、频率以及空间上进行多维的频谱复用,可大大降低频谱和带宽限制,以及对无线技术发展的束缚     

基于无线通信的地铁车地通信中的干扰分析

地铁系统中可靠的车地无线通信是保证地铁安全行车的-种重要方式如何确保车地无线数据传输的安全可靠,具有重要的研究意义。本文通过分析车地无线通信传输中存在的几种主要的车地无线通信传输干扰源,提出了几种针对不同干扰源的防范措施:加强对非行车用通信系统的建设管理;合理选择无线频段;提高有用信号发射频率或降低干扰信号发射频率等。