陶瓷基复合材料循环疲劳的研究

本文对陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳研究现状及发展趋势进行了最新述评。主要内容有:非相变增韧陶瓷、相变增韧陶瓷、晶须(或纤维)增强陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳行为和疲劳裂纹扩展机理。最后,还对进一步研究陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳特性提出了一些粗浅的看法。     

大型模锻锤锤杆疲劳宏观断口分析

大型模锻锤锤杆出现早期或连续疲劳断裂是制约锻造生产正常进行的痼疾,从模锻锤的结构、工作原理、锻造工艺、锤杆材料的选用和加工工艺等方面,对大型模锻锤锤杆的常见疲劳断口形貌、断裂原因及其预防措施作了较全面的论述.     

高温疲劳断裂的研究与发展

本文介绍近15年来北京航空材料研究所在高温疲劳断裂研究领域内所取得的部分研究成果,其中包括高温低周疲劳、高温断裂韧性以及高温疲劳裂纹扩展的研究与发展。     

一种可切削玻璃陶瓷的压痕断裂特性

将断裂韧性测试的压痕方法与压痕弯曲方法相结合，独立地分离出了压痕残余应力因子ｘ，使其成为可测参量，并建立了压痕一压痕弯曲的断裂韧性测试方法．将这种方法应用于一种可切削玻璃陶瓷的测试，获得的Ｋ１ｃ值为Ｋ１ｃ＝２．０３ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２，与单边切口法（ＳＥＮＢ）获得的Ｋ１ｃ值有较好的一致性．测得的残余应力因子Ｘ＝０．０９３，符合Ａｎｓｔｉｓ经验公式的预测．     

精细陶瓷高温疲劳性能测试方法研究

对平面弯曲型的三点弯曲试样，采用共振法研究并测定了两类Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷的高温疲劳性能曲线。研究结果表明：所用陶瓷材料的高温疲劳数据位于两个极端；即：起始阶段就破断或超过指定寿命不破坏。经疲劳试验未破断的样品在高温下的弯曲强度明显地高于原邕样品的高温弯曲强度。     

金属材料疲劳断裂数据库管理系统

金属材料的疲劳断裂性能在航空产品结构设计中是必须考虑的，它直接关系到飞机和发动机的选材和定寿。本文对已建立的金属材料疲劳断裂数据库管理系统做了介绍，它不仅对材料研究而且对结构设计都有很大帮助。     

Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Encapsulated Graphene to Mitigate Interfacial Fatigue Damage

In applications such as flexible electronic devices, graphene, and other 2D materials are frequently in contact with stretchable polymeric substrates. The interface between 2D materials and polymers is dominated by weak van der Waals forces and can eventually degrade due to the frequent dynamic mechanical loads that these devices experience. This can lead to significant local delamination and shear fracture of the 2D materials. Using the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation method, it is shown that the damage in graphene is significantly mitigated when it is capped during dynamic loading. To track the spread of damage in both encapsulated and nonencapsulated graphene, in situ, cyclic loading is performed. The fundamental process driving this substantial reduction in damage propagation in the 2D lattice is explained by the conventional shear lag model. It is also observed that softer PDMS substrate and capping layer completely mitigate the fatigue damage in graphene for 100 cycles at 10% applied fatigue strain.     

陶瓷基复合材料在循环压应力条件下的疲劳研究

本文对ＳｉＣ颗粒及部分稳定ＺｒＯ２复合增强Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料在循环压载荷作用下的疲劳特性进行了研究。带有缺口的试样在循环压应力的作用下，缺口根部将产生一条垂直于压应力轴的疲劳裂纹。压应力在缺口根部产生的局部不可逆损伤在卸载过程中会形成较大的残余拉应力，这使得裂纹形核并逐渐长大。而随着裂纹的长大，闭合效应逐渐增加，最终导致裂纹扩展完全停止。试样缺口长度和疲劳试验参数对裂纹的扩展速度和最终长度有较大     

双相钢的疲劳行为（上）

本文评述了近年来国内外有关双相钢疲劳行为方面的文献资料,并提出了尚待解决的问题。     

High-cycle Fatigue Fracture Behavior of Ultrahigh Strength Steels

The fatigue fracture behavior of four ultrahigh strength steels with different melting processes and therefore different inclusion sizes were studied by using a rotating bar two-point bending fatigue machine in the high-cycle regime up to 107 cycles of loading. The fracture surfaces were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）. It was found that the size of inclusion has significant effect on the fatigue behavior. For AtSI 4340 steel in which the inclusion size is smaller than 5.5 μm, all the fatigue cracks except one did not initiated from inclusion but from specimen surface and conventional S-N curve exists. For 65Si2MnWE and Aermet 100 steels in which the average inclusion sizes are 12.2 and 14.9 μm, respectively, fatigue cracks initiated from inclusions at lower stress amplitudes and stepwise S-N curves were observed. The S-N curve displays a continuous decline and fatigue failures originated from large oxide inclusion for 60Si2CrVA steel in which the average inclusion size is 44.4 pro. In the case of internal inclusion-induced fractures at cycles beyond about 1×10^6 for 65Si2MnWE and 60Si2CrVA steels, inclusion was always found inside the fish-eye and a granular bright facet （GBF） was observed in the vicinity around the inclusion. The GBF sizes increase with increasing the number of cycles to failure Nf in the long-life regime. The values of stress intensity factor range at crack initiation site for the GBF are almost constant with Nf, and are almost equal to that for the surface inclusion and the internal inclusion at cycles lower than about 1×10^6. Neither fish-eye nor GBF was observed for Aermet 100 steel in the present study.     

Fatigue crack growth behaviour of gamma base titanium aluminides under different loading conditions

Static and cyclic fatigue crack growth behaviour of gamma base titanium aluminides with three different microstructures were investigated. Influence of cyclic test frequency on fatigue crack growth behaviour was also studied at room temperature under a controlled humidity condition. The crack growth behaviour both under static and cyclic loading was strongly influenced by the microstructure. The threshold stress intensity and crack growth behaviour under cyclic loading were much inferior than that under static loading indicating the ‘true-cyclic fatigue’ effect exhibited in gamma base titanium aluminides. No significant effect of test frequency on the crack growth behaviour was observed for the equiaxed and duplex microstructure materials.     

Fatigue Fracture Toughness of Metals and Alloys. Part 1. Experimental Procedures and Materials and General Principles

The authors summarize the results of studies of fatigue fracture toughness of metals and alloys. Fatigue fracture toughness of materials under plane strain conditions is demonstrated to be much lower than the fracture toughness in static loading. A respective relationship is proposed to allow for this fact. The authors discus the main regularities in transition from stable to unstable fatigue crack propagation and substantiate a model for such transition.     

石油钻杆材料G105在不同条件下的疲劳断裂

采用国产PQ-6型旋转弯曲疲劳试验机研究钻杆管体材料G105的弯曲疲劳性能以及H_2S腐蚀和缺口对试样弯曲疲劳性能的影响,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对光滑试样断口、缺口试样断口以及H_2S腐蚀后试样断口进行微观形貌分析。结果表明:在光滑试样的疲劳极限载荷作用下,经过H_2S腐蚀后的光滑试样的疲劳寿命和缺口试样的疲劳寿命相当,材料的疲劳寿命都从106降低至104;缺口试样在缺口的高应力集中效应下,加快疲劳裂纹形核过程。H_2S腐蚀对钻杆疲劳性能影响的主要作用在于氢原子在材料内缺陷处聚集引起材料疲劳性能降低,缺口和H_2S腐蚀都会加快疲劳裂纹的扩展。材料疲劳断裂主要是因为试样在交变应力的作用下上产生滑移最后致使位错塞积而导致的。     

拉-压及拉-扭载荷下6063合金的疲劳行为

对6063锻造铝合金进行了不同应力幅值下拉-压及拉-扭复合疲劳试验,并用透射电子显微镜观察了疲劳失效试样的位错结构。结果表明:在循环加载过程中,循环硬化占据主要地位,循环硬化的速率和程度对应力幅值和加载路径有依赖性;相同应力幅值下,试样在拉-扭复合加载下失效比拉-压失效形成更为复杂的位错结构,且位错密度更高;位错之间及位错与析出相的交互作用是材料发生循环硬化的主要原因,循环硬化程度越高,疲劳寿命越短。     

Very High Cycle Fatigue Fracture Behavior of High Strength Spring Steel

进行超声波疲劳和疲劳裂纹扩展速率实验, 研究了3种60Si2CrVA弹簧钢的超高周疲劳破坏行为.结果表明, 60Si2CrVA弹簧钢的超高周疲劳性能主要与其中夹杂物的尺寸有关,即随着夹杂物尺寸的减小, 钢的疲劳寿命和疲劳强度均逐渐提高.对于内部夹杂物引起的疲劳破坏, 在低应力幅、高循环周次(约大于106 cyc)条件下,在夹杂物周围的鱼眼处往往存在粗糙的粒状区域(GBF). 对于A-60钢,随着疲劳源夹杂物处应力场强度因子幅的减小, 疲劳寿命增加;而GBF处的应力场强度因子幅并不随疲劳寿命变化而变化,基本为一常数(平均值为4.6 MPa×m1/2),与疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值(4.3 MPa×m1/2)接近.