Compressive sensing for ultra‐wideband channel estimation: on the sparsity assumption of ultra‐wideband channels

Due to the sparse structure of ultra‐wideband (UWB) multipath channels, there has been a considerable amount of interest in applying the compressive sensing (CS) theory to UWB channel estimation. The main consideration of the related studies is to propose different implementations of the CS theory for the estimation of UWB channels, which are assumed to be sparse. In this study, we investigate the suitability of standardized UWB channel models to be used with the CS theory. In other words, we question the sparsity assumption of realistic UWB multipath channels. For that, we particularly investigate the effects of IEEE 802.15.4a UWB channel models and the selection of channel resolution both on channel estimation and system performances from a practical implementation point of view. In addition, we compare the channel estimation performance with the Cramer‐Rao lower bound for various channel models and number of measurements. The study shows that although UWB channel models for residential environments (e.g., channel models CM1 and CM2) exhibit a sparse structure yielding a reasonable channel estimation performance, channel models for industrial environments (e.g., CM8) may not be treated as having a sparse structure due to multipaths arriving densely. Furthermore, it is shown that the sparsity increased by channel resolution can improve the channel estimation performance significantly at the expense of increased receiver processing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种压缩感知电力线信道估计机制

通过分析电力线信道传输特性,建立相应的数学模型,研究了电力线信道的多径特性,并结合一种新颖的压缩感知处理技术,提出了一种基于压缩感知的电力线信道估计方法。通过分析研究电力线信道传输特征,利用其稀疏性,只需采集、提取、存储少量的噪声与信道特征有效参数,大大降低了数字信号处理模块的数据处理量,降低了对存储硬件的要求与硬件成本。     

Channel characteristics of ultra‐wideband systems with single co‐channel interference

In this paper, the channel characteristics of ultra‐wideband systems with single co‐channel interference are investigated. A ray‐tracing technique is developed to calculate channel frequency responses in an indoor environment, of which the frequency dependence for the dielectric constant and the conductivity are carefully considered. By using the frequency responses, the channel capacities with single co‐channel interference are calculated. The outage probability of the channel capacities are also calculated for analyzing the channel statistical property. Furthermore, some useful channel statistical parameters are also investigated for different material partitions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种降低复杂度的压缩感知水声信道估计方法

针对浅海的水声信道稀疏特性,提出了一种降低复杂度的前向回溯正交匹配追踪(RC-LABOMP)信道估计方法。首先计算正交匹配追踪和子空间追踪信道估计算法的两类支撑集,接着根据两类支撑集的交集和并集,预处理先验信息,最后利用先验信息完成前向回溯正交匹配追踪信道估计。该算法经过先验信息的预处理,能够减少原LABOMP算法的迭代次数,同时缩小原子的索引范围,因此能够显著降低原LABOMP算法的计算复杂度。此外,将提出的算法与水声Turbo均衡系统相结合,更适用于水声通信系统。仿真结果表明,所提算法在随机信道和水声信道条件下,具有估计精度高、误码率低的特点,同时能够显著降低LABOMP算法的计算复杂度,是一种适用于浅海水声信道的有效估计方法。     

一种压缩感知信道估计中降低信道稀疏度的算法

针对基于压缩感知的稀疏多径信道估计,提出了一种利用智能天线波束赋形改造多径信道,从而改选信道稀疏度的方法。与MIMO系统压缩感知相比,在利用OMP重构算法、获得同样估计性能的前提下,需要的导频数大大减少,这样就可以节省更大的空间来传送用户数据,提高了系统的吞吐量。仿真结果也证实了本文提出方法的优越性。     

A novel signal separation algorithm based on compressed sensing for wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks, since cognitive terminals use a shared wideband frequency spectrum for data transmissions, they are susceptible to malicious denial‐of‐service attacks, where adversaries try to corrupt communication by actively transmitting interference signals. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel signal separation algorithm based on compressed sensing, which can not only recover the entire spectrum but also separate mixed occupying signals. Specifically, the proposed algorithm is executed following three steps: (i) each cognitive terminal attempts to recover all signals over an entire wideband spectrum employing the compressed sensing technique; (ii) all cognitive terminals send their recovered signals to the fusion center where a wavelet edge detection method is adopted to locate the spectrum edges of these signals and then divide the entire spectrum into several sub‐bands; (iii) the fusion center separates its received signals on each spectrum sub‐band into different categories according to their features. Both analytical and simulation results indicate that this novel compressed‐sensing‐based algorithm can effectively separate wideband signals at a low cost and combat interference of the malicious terminals in cognitive radio networks as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种采用压缩协方差的无线电宽带频谱感知方法

为有效降低宽带频谱感知的观测时间和计算复杂度,提出了一种基于压缩协方差的无线电宽带频谱感知方法。首先,通过循环稀疏规则测量不同标记的距离,运用多陪集采样组代替奈奎斯特模数转换器,形成基于多陪集采样库的欠奈奎斯特采样结构;其次,构建压缩协方差频谱感知模型,运用频谱决策模块对输入样本进行处理,完成频谱分析;最后,通过Matlab生成测试信号数据,对所提频谱感知算法进行建模与性能分析。实验结果表明,所提方法能够将检测误差控制在有效范围内,且与传统频谱检测方法相比,所提方法在不同信噪比环境下具有更高的频谱检测水平度。     

基于加权一致优化的宽带分布式协作压缩频谱感知算法

宽带分布式协作压缩频谱感知不仅降低过高的采样速率,而且改善在低信噪比环境下的频谱感知性能。为进一步提高频谱感知性能,提出一种基于加权一致优化的宽带分布式协作压缩频谱感知算法。该算法根据当前迭代重构出的频谱信号设定下一次迭代重构的权值,促使频谱信号上存在授权用户的子频段产生信号值,降低重构出错的可能性。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅能够增大频谱重构的准确性,而且能够降低感知过程的时间和通信开销,改善频谱感知性能。     

基于压缩感知的OFDM稀疏信道估计中的导频设计

为了提高基于压缩感知的正交频分复用( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)稀疏信道估计性能,提出以互相关矩阵元素之间的距离立方和作为新的导频设计准则,更加准确地评价采样矩阵整体互相关性;针对传统导频搜索算法效率慢的问题,提出一种基于树的顺序替换导频间隔搜索( ...     

基于压缩感知超宽带信号盲稀疏度信道估计

鉴于超宽带(UWB)信道估计要求预先给出信道才能精确重构的不足,研究了基于压缩感知的盲稀疏度匹配追踪类算法用于信道重建.这种盲稀疏度方法根据迭代终止条件和字典中最优原子选择方式的不同,设置迭代终止阈值和阶段转换阈值,通过可变步长的增大逐步逼近稀疏度,实现精确重建.仿真结果表明,相同条件下,基于此思想经过改进算法可有效用于解决实际UWB信道估计,较改进前算法估计性能相当,是一种具有应用价值的盲稀疏度重构方法.     

一种基于子频带匹配选择的宽带压缩频谱感知方法

基于压缩感知的宽带频谱感知技术能有效降低过高的采样率和频谱感知复杂度.为了增强频谱感知中频谱信号的重构性能,根据宽带频谱信号具有的块稀疏特性,利用宽带频谱子频带划分的边界信息,提出一种改进OMP(MOMP)子频带匹配选择的宽带频谱重构算法,该算法旨在减少传统的OMP算法在频谱重构中的迭代次数,增强频谱重构的稳定性.仿真结果表明,基于该算法的宽带频谱感知方法不仅提高了频谱重构的准确性,而且有效缩短了频谱重构时间,具有很好的宽带频谱感知性能.     

基于压缩感知的分布式协同估计算法

为了降低分布式协同估计算法的计算量并改善其收敛性能,提出了基于压缩感知(CS)和递归最小二乘(RLS)的分布式协同估计算法.该算法在传统RLS分布式协同估计算法的基础上引入压缩感知技术,首先在压缩域中进行递归最小二乘运算,然后利用压缩感知重构算法得到未知参数向量的估计值.提出的算法能够在增量式策略和两种模式的扩散式策略下实现对未知向量的有效估计.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法一方面降低了RLS分布式协同估计算法的计算量,另一方面保持较快的收敛速度与良好的均方误差性能.     

Compressed sensing channel estimation for STBC‐SM based hybrid MIMO‐OFDM system for visible light communication

This paper presents the idea of sparse channel estimation using compressed sensing (CS) method for space–time block coding (STBC), and spatially multiplexing (SM) derived hybrid multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) Asymmetrically clipped optical‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO‐OFDM) optical wireless communication system. This hybrid system accounts multiplexing gain of SM and diversity gain of STBC technique. We present a new variant of sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (SaMP) algorithm called dynamic step‐size SaMP (DSS‐SaMP) algorithm. It makes use of the inherent and implicit structure of SaMP, along with dynamic adaptivity of step‐size feature which is compatible with the energy of the input signal, thus the name dynamic step size. Existing CS‐based recovery algorithms like orthogonal matching pursuit, SaMP, adaptive step‐size SaMP, and proposed DSS‐SaMP were compared for hybrid MIMO‐ACO‐OFDM visible light communication system. The performance analysis is demonstrated through simulation results with respect to bit error rate, symbol error rate, mean square error, computational complexity, and peak‐to‐average power ratio. Simulation results show that the proposed technique gives improved performance and lesser computational complexity in comparison with conventional estimation algorithms.     

A novel wideband space‐time channel simulator based on the geometrical one‐ring model with applications in MIMO‐OFDM systems

In this paper, we extend the geometrical one‐ring multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channel model with respect to frequency selectivity. Our approach enables the design of efficient and accurate simulation models for wideband space‐time MIMO channels under isotropic scattering conditions. Two methods will be provided to compute the parameters of the simulation model. Especially, the temporal, frequency and spatial correlation properties of the proposed wideband space‐time MIMO channel simulator are studied analytically. It is shown that any given specified or measured discrete power delay profile (PDP) can be incorporated into the simulation model. The high accuracy of the simulation model is demonstrated by comparing its statistical properties with those of the underlying reference model with specified correlation properties in the time, frequency and spatial domain. As an application example of the new MIMO frequency‐selective fading channel model, we study the influence of various channel model parameters on the system performance of a space‐time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For example, we investigate the influence of the antenna element spacings of the base station (BS) antenna as well as the mobile station (MS) antenna. It turns out that an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the BS side results in a higher diversity gain than an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the MS side. Furthermore, the diversity gain brought in by space‐time block coding schemes is investigated by simulation. Our results show that transmitter diversity can significantly reduce the symbol error rate (SER) of multiple antenna systems. Finally, the influence of the Doppler effect and the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the system performance is also investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于压缩感知的线性调频信号参数估计

提出一种基于压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)理论的线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)信号参数估计算法.考虑到LFM信号在最佳分数阶Fourier变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FrFT)域中是稀疏信号,对变换阶次进行粗搜索与精搜索,利用CS恢复信号在各个阶次FrFT矩阵中的系数向量,通过二维搜索.得到最佳变换阶次,进而得到信号的调频斜率和起始频率.在窄带干扰条件下,将形态学成分分析应用于算法中,提高了算法的抗干扰性能.实验结果表明,在随机采样点数远低于奈奎斯特采样点数的情况下,该算法能够准确估计信号参数,并且对高斯白噪声和强窄带干扰不敏感.     

基于CS的Kalman滤波OFDM信道估计

在OFDM系统信道估计中,准确的时域卡尔曼滤波（TDKF）估计需要信道多径时延作为先验条件,而且具有较低的频谱效率.考虑到大多数无线信道具有稀疏和时变的特性,提出一种改进的卡尔曼滤波与压缩感知联合信道估计方法,采用稀疏度自适应匹配追踪（SAMP）算法,并对信道响应变化量进行重建.仿真结果表明,相较于已有算法,提出的算法不需要知道信道的稀疏度,而且信道估计结果更加准确.     

Pulse shaping for cognitive ultra‐wideband communications

Cognitive ultra‐wideband (C‐UWB) systems have recently received much attention because the huge bandwidth of ultra‐wideband (UWB) systems can better exploit the advantages of cognitive radio (CR) systems. Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is a key technique in CR systems to implement dynamic spectrum change and can be easily implemented by changing the transmitted pulse shape in a C‐UWB communication system. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal expansion based pulse shaping method to implement DSA and to compensate for antenna distortion, which uses the orthogonal Hermite functions as the orthogonal basis. In order to eliminate the direct current (DC) component existing in even orthogonal Hermite functions and to reduce the computational complexity, two modified methods and a simplification procedure are also proposed. Our results indicate that the proposed orthogonal expansion based pulse shaping methods have a much lower computational complexity than the semi‐definite programming (SDP) method, while achieving a high power efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the distortion caused by the antenna effects can also be compensated during the pulse shaping process and a better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) can thus be achieved. Therefore, the proposed method is very suitable for practical application in C‐UWB communications, in which the spectrum environment changes rapidly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel multi-focus image fusion method based on distributed compressed sensing

Multi-focus image fusion aims to produce an all-in-focus image by merging multiple partially focused images of the same scene. The main work is identifying the focused region and then composing all the focused regions. In this paper, a novel efficient multi-focus image fusion method based on distributed compressed sensing (DCS) is proposed. Firstly, the low-frequency and high-frequency images are obtained by comparing the variance of the source images, which are further utilized to get the low-frequency and high-frequency dictionaries. Secondly, DCS using joint sparsity model-1 (JSM-1) is applied to reconstruct the precise high-frequency images. Thirdly, the decision map is obtained based on all the high-frequency images and then improved by the morphological processing. Finally, the focused pixels are chosen from the source images through the decision map. Experimental results indicate that the proposed DCS-based method can be competitive with or even outperform some state-of-the-art methods in terms of both visual and quantitative metric evaluations.     

基于小波变换与压缩感知的脉冲星TOA估计

脉冲星导航是一种新型的自主式导航。为提高其精度与实时性,提出一种小波变换与压缩感知结合的脉冲星到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)估计的方法。该方法对标准脉冲轮廓使用小波变换构造多级冗余字典,通过信号恢复算法估计出实际脉冲星的TOA。该方法的算法复杂度低于传统的TOA估计方法,并且随着脉冲星信号周期内bin数量的增加,算法的实时性越好。该方法改变了传统的先去噪再估计TOA的思路,其可以嵌入到信号去噪的过程中,还可以和小波去噪的阈值处理并行计算。仿真结果显示文中方法耗时分别为两种传统TOA估计方法的0.87%和21.35%,并且随着数据时长的缩短,文中方法的TOA估计精度的相对优势越发明显。该方法不但可以提高TOA估计精度,而且降低了对数据时长的依赖。     

MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道的压缩感知估计方法

在快衰落多输入多输出(MIMO)-正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,为了避免传统的信道估计方法中存在大量系数需要估计的问题,利用快衰落信道在角时延多普勒域可稀疏的特性,提出了基于压缩感知的MIMO-OFDM系统快衰落信道估计方法。根据压缩感知的受限等距特性(RIP),推导了一种少量导频随机结构测量矩阵,用于测量快衰落信道在角时延多普勒域稀疏系数。接收端可从这些少量的测量数据中以高概率重构出快衰落信道。理论分析与仿真结果都表明:该方法与传统的信道估计方法相比,所得到的系统数据传输效率及估计性能都有了明显提高。