变质处理对ZL101合金性能的影响

研究了稀土La及其La+Sr复合变质对ZL101合金共晶硅形状的影响。分析了变质剂加入量对ZL101合金组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,金属型铸造时,加入0.5wt%La或者采用0.05%Sr+0.45%La的复合变质都能达到最佳的变质效果。两者相比,复合变质的晶粒比加入同等量的0.5%La时的晶粒更加细小。加入变质剂使得合金的晶粒尺寸,由4mm(未变质)减小到约1mm(变质后)。简单分析了ZL101合金的变质机理。     

微量Sr干预下Ce含量对ZL101合金组织及性能的影响

研究了单一Ce变质剂和Ce+Sr复合变质剂对ZL101合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,与Ce变质相比,复合变质效果更理想。在微量元素0.05wt%Sr干预下,复合变质显著改善了铸态合金中共晶硅形态,从而提升了合金力学性能。变质效果在0.45%Ce+0.05%Sr时最佳,此时ZL101合金的抗拉强度为319 MPa,伸长率为11.03%。     

Ce及变质工艺对ZL101A合金组织的影响

研究了Ce加入量、保温时间、变质温度和冷却速度对ZL101A合金组织的影响.实验结果表明,在金属型铸造条件下,加入质量分数为0.8%左右的Ce时,ZL101A合金具有最佳的变质效果,共晶硅全部变为细小点状,而且保温6h仍有一定的变质效果;适当提高变质温度可以减少稀土Ce的用量,最佳变质温度为760℃;冷却速度对变质影响很大,当冷却速度为0.8℃/s时没有任何变质效果.     

ZL101合金的变质

采用扫描电镜, 对ZL101合金的Sr变质效果与保温时间、 Sr含量及晶粒尺寸的关系进行了研究. 结果表明 ZL101共晶硅的Sr变质具有长效性, 且达到最佳变质效果前有一时间间隔;加入的Sr量有一临界值, 超过此值, 变质效果变化不明显; 若共晶硅越细小, 变质效果则越好, 达到最佳变质效果的时间也随之缩短.     

改性纳米RE-Ti粉体对ZL101组织及性能的影响

分析了不同加入量的改性纳米RE-Ti粉体对未变质及变质后ZL101合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明,加入粉体后两种状态下的合金组织都有明显的细化,且其抗拉强度和伸长率都有提高.当粉体加入量为0.1％时,效果最为明显.未变质ZL101合金初生α(A1)由不规则树枝状变为等轴状,共晶硅变成颗粒状均匀分布;变质ZL101合金初生α(A1)明显细化.未变质ZL101合金抗拉强度由未加入粉体时的151MPa提高到183.5 MPa,伸长率由未加入粉体时的1.6％提高到2.5％;变质ZL101合金抗拉强度由未加入粉体时的164 MPa提高到189.7 MPa,伸长率由未加入粉体时的1.6％提高到2.5％.     

Ce+Sr复合变质对ZL101A合金组织及性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法研究了稀土Ce+Sr复合变质对ZL101A合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明,在金属型铸造条件下,加入不同含量的Ce与Sr对ZL101A合金的复合变质效果影响不一样。Ce+Sr复合变质后共晶硅倾向于片状的生长方式;Ce+Sr复合变质使ZL101A合金晶粒尺寸细化到0.8 mm,也使该合金的拉伸强度达到319.4 MPa,伸长率达5.5%,稀土超过一定量后合金拉伸强度和伸长率均有不同程度地降低。     

静置时间对Sb-Te联合变质ZL101A的影响

利用扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、抗拉强度分析,研究了静置时间对Sb、Te联合变质ZL101A的影响。结果表明,随着静置时间的延长,ZL101A合金的组织不断细化,45 min后,变质效果达到最佳,合金的抗拉强度也从298 MPa增加到329 MPa,随着时间的延长,变质效果没有衰退现象。     

稀土La＋Sr复合变质对ZL101A合金组织的影响

研究了稀土La Sr复合变质对ZL101A合金共晶硅形状的影响.分析了复合变质剂加入量、变质温度、保温时间和冷却速度对合金组织的影响.结果表明,当Sr加入量为0.015%时,加入0.2%的La即可达到很好的变质效果,显著减少了稀土用量.另外,复合变质不但解决了Sr的潜伏期问题,而且还使ZL101A合金在变质时对温度的敏感性降低,在720℃就可完全发挥变质作用.复合变质后,晶粒能够细化到0.5 mm,比单一稀土细化效果更好.同时得出,冷却速度越快变质效果越好.     

稀土元素Nd变质对ZL101铝合金的显微组织与力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能试验机和差热分析仪研究了Nd变质对ZL101铝合金的组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:变质后的ZL101合金的显微组织中粗大的α-Al转变成细小的晶粒,共晶Si组织由粗大的针状或板条状细化为纤维状。变质合金中形成了一种亚微米级的富Nd金属间化合物。当ZL101合金中的Nd含量达到0.5%时,合金的综合力学性能达到最优,其中极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到178 MPa和5.6%。ZL101合金经过稀土元素Nd变质后,其断裂方式由未变质时的混合型断裂方式转变为韧性断裂。ZL101-0.5%Nd合金的共晶转变温度达到573.8℃,较未变质合金提高了2.8℃,导致合金的过冷度增加,从而有利于获得细小的共晶组织。     

Sr变质对ZL101合金中共晶Si形貌的影响

采用光学金相分析手段,研究了未变质和锶变质ZL101合金共晶硅的形貌.实验结果表明,变质合金中共晶硅的形貌较未变质合金有较大变化,共晶硅的形态从粗大的板片状转变为细小的纤维状,变质剂的最佳加入量为0.06%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。