云南厚壳桂叶脂溶性成分分析

[目的]分析云南厚壳桂叶脂溶性化学成分,为合理利用云南厚壳桂资源提供科学依据.[方法]用GC-MS分析云南厚壳桂叶脂溶性成分.[结果]鉴定出54种化合物,占挥发油总量的89.47%.主要成分为δ-杜松烯(20.55%)、β-古芸烯(16.66%)、匙叶桉油烯醇(8.09%)、α-可巴烯(3.16%)、1,2,3,4,6,8α-六氢-1-异丙基-4,7-二甲基萘(2.36%)和杜松-1,3,5-三烯(2.33%)等.[结论] 云南厚壳桂叶脂溶性化学成分主要为倍半萜类、芳香族和烷烃类物质,该研究为合理利用云南厚壳桂叶提供了科学依据.     

黔产透骨香根挥发油化学成分分析

[目的]测定透骨香根挥发油化学成分,为透骨香根的开发提供依据.[方法]用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对透骨香根挥发油成分进行分析.[结果]共鉴定出7种化学成分,其中含量最多的3种成分为水杨酸甲酯(89.815%)、甲基环戊烷(6.528%)、环己烷(2.693%). [结论]透骨香根挥发油主要成分为水杨酸甲酯,这为透骨香根的开发提供了依据.     

汉防己叶挥发油成分GC-MS分析

[目的]分析汉防己叶挥发油的化学成分.[方法]将汉防已叶经水蒸气蒸馏得到挥发油,运用GC-MS技术,结合计算机检索对其成分进行分析和鏊定,并用峰面积归一法计算各个组分相对含量.[结果]共鉴定出48种化合物,占挥发油总量的85.87%,主要成分为:2,2-二羟基-苯并呋喃(3.96%)、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯-3-醇(10.01%)、环己酮(13.07%)和2-甲氧基-4-乙基-苯酚(19.58%).[结论]该研究为汉防已叶挥发油成分的开发利用奠定了基础.     

管线钢的化学成分和性能分析

论述了管线钢的化学成分设计、力学性能和工艺性能要求。分析了钢中碳、锰、铌、钒和钛等元素对管线钢组织和性能的影响,以及硫、磷、氧等杂质元素对钢的性能影响。     

遮阴对牛尾菜光合特性的影响

[目的]研究遮阴对牛尾菜(Smilax riparia A.DC)光合特性的影响.[方法]以牛尾菜为试验材料,根据其原生环境的特点,进行遮阴栽培,研究光合参数日变化规律.[结果]遮阴能够降低叶片温度,但差别不明显;随着遮阴程度的增加,气孔阻力增加;适度遮阴使细胞间CO<,2>浓度减少;不同遮阴处理下蒸腾速率的趋势基本相同,但各处理在同一时间蒸腾速率的值不同;遮阴增加了净光合速率.[结论]该研究可为人工栽培牛尾菜提供理论依据和技术支持.     

铁钉菜乙酸乙酯提取物抗真菌活性的研究

分别采用纸片法、菌饼法及玻片法测定了铁钉菜乙酸乙酯提取物对3种真菌的抑制作用.实验结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取物对3种真菌具有普遍的抑制作用,对绿色木霉的抑菌圈达到2.60cm;经薄层层析分离后,得到7条层析带,用纸片法测定大部分分离带只对1种真菌显示抑制活性,其中Rf0.40带和Rf0.50带活性较强,它们对菌丝生长和孢子萌发也有抑制作用,抑制效果与浓度、培养时间有关.此外,对Rf0.40带的GC-MS分析表明,其组分中的化合物以酯、烷为主.     

川西獐牙菜种子萌发研究

[目的]对不同条件下川西獐牙菜种子萌发情况进行研究,为川西獐牙菜的种子繁殖奠定基础.[方法]对川西獐牙菜种子在不同光照、温度、pH值及植物激素处理下的萌发情况进行研究,并进行解剖学观察.[结果]川西獐牙菜种子的胚存在后熟和休眠的特性, 5、10、15 ℃处理下早期原胚都能生长,在15 ℃下,施以100和200 μg/ml的IAA 28 d后即可使胚成熟.胚成熟后,在200和250 μg/ml GA3的处理下,可打破种子休眠,使种子的发芽率≥95%.[结论]该试验得出川西獐牙菜种子萌发的适宜条件,为川西獐牙菜的种子繁殖奠定了基础.     

新型十字花科蔬菜蕾薹菜的选育

[目的]选育新型十字花科蔬菜.[方法]利用从日本引进的菜薹(Brassica campestris L var.utilis)和花椰菜(B.oleracea L.var.italica)的远缘杂交材料,经系统选育育成的一种食用花茎、花蕾的新型珍稀蔬菜蕾薹菜.[结果]蕾薹菜植株生长势强,株高40～50cm,一次分枝7～12条,分枝长20 cm左右,单枝重(除去小叶)20～30 g,秋季种植采收期可达60 d,露地产量为15.00～20.00 t/hm<'2>.花茎及花蕾(分枝)营养极为丰富,维生素C含量高达1 040.00 mg/kg(FW),各种矿物质含量均较高,既可熟食也可生食,生食鲜嫩爽口,口感极佳.[结论]选育出了一种优质的新型十字花科蔬菜蕾薹菜.     

绿芦笋粉挥发油提取工艺的优化及成分分析

[目的]优化超临界CO2流体萃取技术(SC-CO2)提取绿芦笋粉挥发油的工艺,并对其化学成分进行分析,为绿芦笋粉的深入研究和综合应用奠定基础.[方法]以挥发油提取量为评价指标,设计4因素3水平正交试验优化超临界CO2萃取绿芦笋粉挥发油的工艺条件,利用GC-MS对萃取物化学成分进行分析.[结果]超临界CO2萃取绿芦笋粉挥发油的最佳条件为:CO2流量20 L/h,萃取温度35 ℃,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取时间2 h,在此条件下,绿芦笋粉挥发油的提取率达到98%;主要包括37种化合物,其中以烷类含量最高,其次是醛类和酯类.[结论]在最佳工艺条件下,SC-CO2萃取绿芦笋粉挥发油的提取率高,这为绿芦笋粉的深入研究和综合应用奠定了基础.     

Pharmacokinetics of d-limonene in the rat by GC-MS assay

The naturally occurring monoterpene d-limonene has been found to inhibit various stages of tumorigenesis in a number of animal models and is now being evaluated as a chemopreventive agent in humans. To date, there are little or no preclinical pharmacokinetics available nor is there a sensitive assay methodology. In this study, d-limonene and its dideuterium-labeled internal standard, limonene-d2, in whole rat blood were extracted with n-pentane which was then concentrated on a Kuderna-Danish concentrator. The residue was analyzed by an ion-trap GC -MS under ammonia chemical ionization. The detection limit of d-limonene was 1.0 ng if injected in pure form; however, due to the presence of endogenous d-limonene levels (probably from diet), the routine quantitation limit was set at 1.0 microgram ml-1. The monitored assay linearity range from 1.0 to 30 micrograms ml-1 within-day CV values of 8.0%, 2.4%, and 2.0% at 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 micrograms ml-1, respectively (all at n = 8), and corresponding accuracy of 100%, 100%, and 101%. The between-day CV values were 12.3, 8.0, and 7.5% at 1, 6, and 20 micrograms ml-1, respectively (all at n = 8). Using this assay, pharmacokinetics of d-limonene were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous and oral administration at 200 mg kg-1 each. Blood concentration-time profiles after intravenous administration showed a biphasic decline with a mean initial t1/2 of 12.4 min and a terminal t1/2 of 280 min. The plasma:red blood cell partition was found to be 0.84. Plasma protein binding of d-limonene was found to be 55.3% at 20 microgram ml-1. The mean total clearance was 49.6 ml min-1 kg-1, the volume of distribution at steady-state 11.7 1 kg-1, and median residence time 263 min. The blood concentration-time decline following oral administration also showed a biphasic decline with a mean initial t1/2 of 34 min and terminal t1/2 of 337 min. The oral bioavailability of d-limonene was 43.0%.     

矿化垃圾处理渗滤液中有机污染物的GC-MS研究

以上海市老港填埋场中矿化垃圾反应床处理渗滤液为例,定性分析了该反应床进水和出水中有机污染物组分,同时半定量分析了该反应床对有机污染物的去除效果,分析结果显示:从宏观尺度上,矿化垃圾反应床很好的去除了渗滤液中的污染物质,渗滤液经过矿化垃圾反应床后,14种有机污染物得到完全去除,3种有机物的含量降低,产生1种新物质,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯在进水和出水中同时存在,从谱图上可以看出其出水浓度降低,在不同pH值萃取条件下,从进、出水谱图的对比中可以发现,进水中大部分有机污染物得到去除。     

矿化垃圾处理渗滤液中有机污染物的GC-MS研究

以上海市老港填埋场中矿化垃圾反应床处理渗滤液为例，定性分析了该反应床进水和出水中有机污染物组分，同时半定量分析了该反应床对有机污染物的去除效果，分析结果显示：从宏观尺度上，矿化垃圾反应床很好的去除了渗滤液中的污染物质，渗滤液经过矿化垃圾反应床后，14种有机污染物得到完全去除，3种有机物的含量降低，产生1种新物质，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯在进水和出水中同时存在，从谱图上可以看出其出水浓度降低，在不同pH值萃取条件下，从进、出水谱图的对比中可以发现，进水中大部分有机污染物得到去除。     

遵义朝天椒成分分析

[目的]分析遵义朝天椒部分成分,初步寻找其优势指标.[方法]采用经典的BCA法测定蛋白质含量,菲咯啉显色法测定维生素C含量,C-ELISA法测定辣椒素含量,有机溶剂法(GB10783-1996)测定红色素含量,高效气相色谱法测定农药残留(有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯),钼蓝比色法测定磷含量,原子荧光光度计法测定铅、硒含量,原子吸收光谱法测定锌、铁、钙含量.[结果] 遵椒2号的蛋白质、维生素C、铁含量最高(P<0.05).遵椒(1、2、3号)的锌含量均高于韩国椒(理想单生、朝天王)(P<0.05).遵椒(1、2、3号)的辣椒素含量均低于韩国椒(理想单生、朝天王)(P<0.05).样品农药残留均符合国标要求.[结论]遵椒2号是极具营养优势的品种;富含锌是遵义朝天椒(1、2、3号)的优势.     

Distortion Analysis in the Manufacturing of Cold-Drawn and Induction-Hardened Components

In this investigation, a design of experiments analysis of distortion for a typical manufacturing process involving pre-straightening, cold drawing, and induction hardening of AISI 1045 cylindrical steel bars was carried out. A careful characterization of the material, including residual stress states and geometrical changes, was done for the different manufacturing steps. In order to identify effects and correlations on distortion behavior, the investigated variables included the batch influence, the combined drawing process itself with two different drawing angles and two different polishing and straightening (P.S.) angles, a stress relief treatment which was applied to a part of the samples, and finally induction hardening with two different surface hardening depths. Main and statistically significant effects on the distortion of the induction-hardened samples were found to be in this order: first, the interaction between the drawing angle and batch, then the interaction between drawing angles, and finally drawing angle and induction hardened layer. It was also found that the distortion potentials are transmitted from the drawing process to further manufacturing steps and, consequently, from one production site to the next.     

土壤中挥发性有机物的GC-MS测定

利用索氏提取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对某废弃化工厂原厂区土壤中可能存在的挥发性有机污染物进行定性和定量分析;利用索氏提取进行土样中有机物的提取,用十四烯配制标准曲线,以质谱全扫描方式的数据进行定性,选择离子监测的数据进行外标法定量,提高检测的灵敏度和准确度.依照美国环保局对环境分析的质量保证和质量控制指标对分析结果进行检测,发现方法的检出限为0.024mg·kg-1,回收率为95.84%,结果符合要求.     

南疆冬枣的营养及挥发性成分分析

[目的]客观揭示南疆地区鲜食冬枣的品质.[方法]采用HPLC、GC-MS等方法对冬枣的营养及挥发性成分进行分析.[结果]冬枣含有V<,c>含量(161.859 3±13.509 2)mg/100 g鲜枣,总糖(55.384 5±2.539 2)%.总酸(1.384 7±0.115 5)%,粗脂肪(4.275±0.191)%,cAMP(0.228±0.020)mg/g,检出15种氨基酸(包含6种必需氨基酸).挥发性成分中鉴定出40种化合物.其主要成分为酯类、烷烃类、醇类和胺类.[结论]冬枣是一种有较高营养价值的水果.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定普洱茶挥发油的化学成分

[目的]为普洱茶产品质量标准的制定提供依据.[方法]采用水蒸气回流法提取普洱茶中的挥发油,并对其进行气相色谱-质谱分析,采用面积归一化法对各组分进行定量.[结果]从普洱荼挥发油中共鉴定出50种化合物,其主要成分为n-棕榈酸,其次为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸、顺式芳樟醇、植醇、十四烷、1,2.3-三甲氧基苯、1,2-二甲氧基苯、己醛、二十一烷和苯甲醛,以上成分占挥发油相对含量的91.43%.[结论]普洱茶挥发油中主要含醇类、酸类、醛类、烃类、酯类、杂氧类、芳香族、杂环类等7类化合物.     

Studies on the triterpenoids from roots of Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch

A new triterpenoid, squasapogenol (S-11), was isolated from the hydrolytic products of dilute ethanol (10%) extract of the roots of Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch, along with four known triterpenoids. The structure of S-11 was elucidated as olean-11,13(18)-diene-3 beta, 22 beta-diol on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. The four known compounds were identified as betulinic acid(S-8), methyl ester of macedonic acid(S-9), soyasapogenol B (S-10) and olean-13(18)-ene-22 alpha-Cl-3 beta, 24-diol(S-12).