双低菜籽粕饲喂生长肥育猪的效果研究

[目的] 研究应用双低菜籽粕代替豆粕饲喂生长育肥猪的效果.[方法] 试验选择长白(♂)与八眉猪(♀)杂交一代母猪,再与长白公猪(♂)杂交所产三元仔猪共60头,随机分4组,即试验I、II、III和IV组,日粮中分别用0、6%、10%和14%的双低菜籽粕取代日粮中的豆粕.[结果] 试验IV组的日增重极显著低于其他3组日增重(P<0.01),而试验I、II和III组之间差异不显著;通过对血液中谷丙转氨酶(ATL)、谷草转氨酶(AST);甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺素(T4)和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)指标测定,各试验组间差异不显著.[结论] 选用10%双低菜籽粕取代豆粕蛋白饲粮饲喂生长育肥猪效果最好.     

中草药红景天对冷应激断奶仔猪生理机能的影响

[目的]探索中草药红景天对断奶仔猪抗冷应激的机理.[方法]选用25日龄断奶的大约克仔猪96头为试验动物.随机分成4组,慢性冷应激温度为(12±1)℃达14 d,将红景天粉碎后添加断奶仔猪的饲料中,添加量为饲料量的0.5%、1.0%和1.5%,饲喂14d后测定奶仔猪体增重,并测定猪体内一氧化氮(NO)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及白细胞和红细胞数量等指标,研究红景天对冷应激断奶仔猪生理机能的影响.[结果]冷应激的大约克仔猪各试验组应用红景天后,NO含量明显降低,GSH-Px活性及白细胞和红细胞的数量明显升高,猪只体重及平均日增重也较对照组有显著升高.[结论]中草药红景天对冷应激的断奶仔猪有良好的促生长及抗病能力,添加量以饲料量的1.0%为宜.     

中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪抗氧化功能指标的影响

[目的]探讨中草药饲料添加荆对断奶仔猪抗氧化功能的影响,为中草药添加剂的利用及推广提供参考依据.[方法]选用48头体重相近的断奶仔猪,随机分为试验Ⅰ组(对照组)、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组4个组.在饲喂中草药添加剂后第7、第14和第21天分别采取血液进行抗氧化功能指标的测定.[结果]试验IV组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽酶(GSH-Px)活性在整个试验期间高于其他试验组,尤其在第7天时的差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).且GSH-Px活性随日龄的增加呈先降后升的变化;丙二醛(MDA)含量,在第7和第14天时,试验Ⅳ组低于其他组,差异极显著(P<0.01),在第21天时各组间无显著差异;试验Ⅳ组的一氧化氮(NO)含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),并随着日龄增加,各组的NO含量均呈下降趋势.[结论]中草药添加剂能提高断奶仔猪抗氧化功能.     

育肥期新美系长白猪适宜营养水平的研究

[目的]研究日粮中不同营养水平对育肥期广西新美系长白猪生产性能、养分表观消化率和胴体品质的影响,以确定新美系长白原种猪在育肥阶段所需能量、粗蛋白、钙和磷的最佳水平.[方法]选择胎次、断奶日龄及年龄基本相近,体重为(70±1)kg,健康新美系长白原种猪36头.随机分为9个试验组.试验采用4因素3水平的L9(34)正交试验设计.测定猪的生产性能,表观消化率以及酮体品质等各项指标.预试期7 d,正试期42 d.[结果]粗蛋白和钙水平对日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),能量水平对日增重有极显著影响(P<0.01).能量,粗蛋白以及钙磷水平对各养分的表观消化率均有不同程度的影响.粗蛋白水平对背膘P2点有显著影响(P<0.05);能量水平对背膘P2点,背膘P1点有显著影响(P<0.05);钙水平对背膘P2点,瘦肉率有显著影响(P<0.05).[结论]在育肥期,新美系长白原种猪适宜的消化能为13.39 MJ/kg,粗蛋白,钙和磷分别为16.00%,1.45%和0.90%.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GXA毒株人工感染仔猪的病理学研究

[目的] 探讨PRRSV-GXA毒株对断奶仔猪的致病性.[方法] 将12头PRRSV/PCV2抗体和抗原阴性的健康仔猪随机分为感染组(9头)和对照组(3头),感染组通过口服和肌肉注射方式接种PRRSV-GXA株细胞毒(4 ml/头),对照组接种无病毒的细胞培养液(4 ml/头).感染后第11、14和21天分别剖杀感染组3头和对照组1头,根据临床症状、病理学变化、特异性抗体水平以及病毒核酸等判断其致病性.[结果] 仔猪感染PRRSV后第6～10天体温稍微升高,随后逐渐恢复至正常.早期出现短暂的精神沉郁,轻度厌食但没有出现典型临床症状.剖检的病理变化仅见于感染后第21天,有2头感染仔猪肺膈叶前缘出现小的局灶性间质性肺炎,镜检肺泡壁间质增宽,有多量单核细胞和淋巴细胞浸润.在感染后第9天检测到PRRSV特异性抗体,并随着时间呈上升趋势,感染后第21天达到较高值.在4头感染仔猪的肺脏及肺门淋巴结检测到病毒核酸,其中1头仔猪扁桃体也检测到病毒核酸.[结论] PRRSV-GXA毒株对仔猪的毒力较弱,但能刺激机体产生较高水平特异性抗体.     

菜籽粕脱毒及菜籽蛋白分离的工艺研究

[目的]研究双低菜籽粕的蛋白提取工艺,为菜籽粕的开发利用提供理论指导.[方法]以脱毒后的双低菜籽粕为原料,采用单因素试验研究不同因素对菜籽蛋白提取率的影响,并采用响应面法对影响因素进行优化.[结果]单因素试验结果表明,菜籽粕蛋白最佳提取务件为:pH值13,温度40℃,料液比1∶12,提取时间40min,提取次数3次.在此基础上用响应面法对pH值、提取温度和料液比的最佳水平做进一步研究和探讨,通过对二次多项回归方程求解得知,在自变量分别为pH值12.9、温度40.8℃、料液比为1∶12.6时,双低菜籽粕蛋白提取率最大预测值为57.73%.[结论]丙酮-乙醇溶液对菜籽粕具有一定脱毒效果,响应面法所得数学模型在预测各因素对菜籽蛋白提取率的影响上具有良好的指导性.     

蛭弧菌在大菱鲆养成中的应用研究

[目的]用蛭孤菌促进大菱鲆的生长,提高存活率,消除养殖水体中的弧菌.[方法]采用20 d的换水周期,以不添加蛭弧菌的养殖池为对照组(B组),往水体中添加蛭弧菌的养殖池为蛭弧菌添加组(C组),以生产性的养殖池作为参照(A组),以成活率、增重率、体重平均日增长量、体长增长率、体长平均日增长量、肥满度为判断依据,确定蛭弧菌对大菱鲆生长的影响;对换水前后各组养殖水体中所含弧菌数进行检测.[结果]蛭弧菌添加组大菱鲆的生长指标和存活率显著高于生产组和对照组(P<0.05);与生产组相比,蛭弧菌添加组大菱鲆的成活率提高了13.23%,增重率、体重平均日增长量、体长增长率、体长平均日增长量、肥满度分别提高了663%、130.35mg、28.09%、31.82 μm、4.99.蛭弧菌添加组的弧菌数明显减少.[结论]蛭弧菌能够提高大菱鲆的成活率,促进其生长发育,并能有效控制养殖水体中弧菌数.     

低聚木糖对蛋用雏鸡免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

[目的]探讨低聚木糖时蛋用雏鸡免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,以找出较为合理的雏鸡添加量.[方法]以1日龄海兰褐壳蛋用雏鸡为试验对象,在基础日粮中分别添加0.010%、0.015%、0.020%低聚木糖,测定其免疫功能和肠道菌群.[结果]日粮中添加低聚木糖能够提高雏鸡免疫功能,增加雏鸡盲肠内双歧杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量.[结论]日粮中添加0.020%低聚木糖的效果最好.     

甘露寡糖对肉鹑内脏器官的影响

[目的]研究甘露寡糖(MOS)对肉鹑内脏器官的影响,探讨日粮中添加MOS在肉鹑生产中的效果.[方法]选用1日龄肉鹑240羽,随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15羽鹌鹑.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的MOS.[结果]随着日粮中MOS添加量的增加,肉鹑的心脏、肝脏、脾脏鲜重呈先增高后降低的趋势(P>0.05),其中0.5%MOS组50日龄肉鹑心脏、肝脏、胰腺鲜重分别比对照组提高10.00%、17.00%、5.00%,1.0%MOS组35日龄肉鹑法氏囊鲜重比对照组提高13.04%,1.O%MOS组50日龄肉鹑心脏鲜重比对照组提高11.00%,2.0%MOS组35和50日龄肉鹑心脏鲜重分别比对照组提高7.14%和8.130%.35日龄肉鹑心脏、肝脏干重随日粮MOS添加量的增加呈升高趋势(P>0.05),0.5%MOS组心脏、肝脏分别比对照组提高7.84%、6.48%;MOS显著提高了50日龄肉鹑心脏干重(P<0.05).随着日粮MOS添加量的增加,35日龄肉鹑心脏、肝脏、脾脏指数均呈先降低后增高的趋势(P>0.05);法氏囊和胰腺指数呈不规则变化(P>0.05);50日龄肉鹑心脏、肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊、胰腺指数均呈波浪式变化,其中0.5%MOS组肉鹑心脏指数显著低于对照组和1.0%MOS组(P<0.05).[结论]在肉鹑饲粮中不添加抗生素的情况下,添加适量的MOS,对内脏器官无损害作用,甚至可提高肉鹑心脏干重,其中MOS的添加量以1.0%效果较好.     

猪用生长激素脂质体对小鼠的促生长作用

[目的]研究猪用生长激素(porcine somatotropin,PST)脂质体对小鼠的促生长作用与缓释效果.[方法]将试验小鼠随机分组.试验组小鼠分别腹腔注射PST 纯品和PST 脂质体,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水.分别于7、14和28 d后称重.计算小鼠增重率.[结果]试验组小鼠增重与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),表明PST和PST 脂质体对小鼠有促生长作用,且PST脂质体具有明显的缓释效果.[结论]PST脂质体缓释期长达7 d以上,具有显著的促生长效果.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.