油页岩灰渣合成Na-A沸石用于去除水溶液中Cu2+（英文）

Na-A zeolite was synthesized using oil shale ash （OSA）, which is a solid by-product of oil shale proc- essing. The samples were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffrac- tion and Brunaner Emmet Teller method. The batch isothermal equilibrium adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of Na-A zeolite for removal of Cu （II） from aqueous solutions. The effects of operating pa- rameters, such as concentration of copper solutions, adsorbent dosages, pH value of solutions and temperature, on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity of Na-A zeolite obtained from the Langmuir adsorption iso- therm is 156.7 mg.g-t of Cu （lI）. The increase of pH level in the adsorption process suggests that the uptake of heavy metals on the zeolite follows an ion exchange mechanism. The batch kinetic data fit the pseudo-second order equation well. The thermodynamic parameters, such as changes in Gibbs free energy （AG）, enthalpy （AH） and en- tropy （AS）, are used to predict the nature of the adsorption process. The negative AG values at different tempera- tures confirm that the adsorption processes are spontaneous.     

丝胶生物吸附剂选择性去除废水中染料的评估(英文)

The silk sericin is the main residue in silk production and it is found to be a low cost and efficient biosorbent.In this study,sericin was characterized with various techniques including SEM(scanning electron microscope),XRD,N2 physisorption,FTIR(Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy) and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).The nitrogen content of sericin was ca.8.5 mmol·g-1 according to elemental analysis.Dye adsorp-tion by sericin biosorbent was investigated with the acid yellow(AY),methylene blue(MB) and copper(II) phthalocyanine-3,4’4″4’″-tetrasulfonic acid(CuPc) dyes from water.Sericin displayed large capacity for AY and CuPc adsorption with adsorption capacities of respectively 3.1 and 0.35 mmol·g-1,but it did not adsorbed methylene blue dye.This selectivity is due to the basicity of amide groups in sericin biosorbents.     

合成的沸石活性污泥改进铵离子吸附和沉降性能(英文)

Municipal wastewater treatment plants typically exhibit two classic problems： high ammonium concen- tration in water after conventional biological treatment and, in some cases, poor activated sludge sediment ability. Potential solutions to these problems were investigated by adding a synthetic zeolite obtained from coal fly ash to different steps of activated sludge treatment. The experimental results for ammonium removal fit well with the theoretical adsorption isotherms of the Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.72 mg.g-＇. Utiliza- tion of this kind of zeolite to improve activated sludge sediment ability is studied for the first time in this work. It is found that the addition of the zeolite （1 g. L-1） to an activated sludge with settling problems significantly enhances its sediment ability and comoact ability. This is confirmed by the sludge volume index （SVI）, which was reduced from 163 ml.g-1 to 70 ml.g-r, the V60 value, which was reduced from 894 ml.L-1 to 427 ml.L-1, and the zeta poten- tial （0, which was reduced from -19.81 mV to -14.29 mV. The results indicate that the addition of this synthetic zeolite to activated sludge, as an additional waste management practice, has a positive impact on both ammonium removal and sludge settleability.     

竹制活性炭处理酸性染料废水吸附等温线模型的误差分析(英文)

High surface area activated carbons were produced by thermal activation of waste bamboo scaffolding with phosphoric acid.Single component equilibrium dye adsorption was conducted on the carbons produced and compared with a commercially available carbon.Two acid dyes with different molecular sizes,namely Acid Yellow 117(AY117) and Acid Blue 25(AB25),were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the produced carbons.It was found that the dye with smaller molecular size,AB 25,was readily adsorbed onto the produced carbon,nearly three times higher than a commercially available carbon,while the larger size dye,AY117,showed little adsorption.The experimental data were analyzed using isotherm equations including Langmuir,Freundlich,Tempkin,Toth,Redlich-Peterson and Sips equations.The equilibrium data were then analyzed using five different non-linear error analysis methods.     

ZL50活性炭吸附脱除二氧化硫的吸附动力学模型(英文)

A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification. The change in adsorption capacity and adsorption rate with time at different water vapor concentrations and different SO2 concentrations was studied. The model was in good agreement with experimental data. The surface reaction was probably the rate controlling step in the early stage for SO2 adsorption by ZL50 activated carbon. The parameters m and n in the nth order adsorption kinetic model were related to the magnitude of the time compensation and adsorption driving force, respectively. The change of parameter n with water vapor concentrations and sulfur dioxide concentrations was studied and some physical implications were given. The sum of square errors was less than 1.0 and the average absolute percentage deviations ranged from 0.5 to 3.2. The kinetic model was compared with other models in the literature.     

锰氧化物负载沸石固定床离子交换柱去除铀(VI)的研究

The adsorption of uranium (VI) on the manganese oxide coated zeolite (MOCZ) from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed-bed column. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bed height, flow rate, particle size, initial concentration of uranium (VI), initial pH, presence of salt and competitive ions. The U-uptake by MOCZ increased with initial uranium (VI) concentration and bed height, but decreased as the flow rate and particle size increased. In the presence of salt and competitive ions, the breakthrough time was shorter. The ad-sorption capacity reached a maximum at pH of 6.3. The Thomas model was applied to the experimental data to de-termine the characteristic parameters of the column for process design using linear regression. The breakthrough curves calculated from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data. The BDST model was used to study the influence of bed height on the adsorption of uranium (VI). Desorption of uranium (VI) in the MOCZ column was investigated. The column could be used for at least four adsorption-desorption cycles using 0.1 mol•L－1 NaHCO3 solution as the elution. After desorption and regeneration with deionized water, MOCZ could be reused to adsorb uranium (VI) at a comparable capacity. Compared to raw zeolite, MOCZ showed better capacity for uranium (VI) removal.     

含酚废水处理的吸附和臭氧氧化动力学模型

A three phase fluidized bed reactor was used to investigate the combined effect of adsorption and oxidation for phenolic wastewater treatment.Aqueous solutions containing 10 mg·L 1of phenol and ozone were continuously fed co-currently as upward flow into the reactor at constant flow rate of 2 and 1 L·min1,respectively.The phenolic treatment results in seven cases were compared:(a)O3 only,(b)fresh granular activated carbon(GAC),(c) 1st reused GAC,(d)2nd reused GAC,(e)fresh GAC enhanced with O3,(f)1st reused GAC enhanced with O3,and (g)2nd reused GAC enhanced with O3.The phenolic wastewater was re-circulated through the reactor and its concentration was measured with respect to time.The experimental results revealed that the phenolic degradation using GAC enhanced with O3 provided the best result.The effect of adsorption by activated carbon was stronger than the effect of oxidation by ozone.Fresh GAC could adsorb phenol better than reused GAC.All cases of adsorption on GAC followed the Langmuir isotherm and displayed pseudo second order adsorption kinetics.Finally,a differential equation for the fluidized bed reactor model was used to describe the phenol concentration with respect to time for GAC enhanced with O3.The calculated results agree reasonably well with the experimental results.     

燃煤飞灰合成磁性沸石对脱硫废水中Hg2+吸附性能

煤燃烧是全球最主要的人为汞排放源,燃煤电厂含汞脱硫废水大量排放对人类健康和生态环境造成严重威胁,亟需开发高效、经济的脱硫废水汞离子脱除技术。对燃煤副产物飞灰进行活化后提取铝硅矿物,并利用飞灰中的铁质矿物制备了磁性沸石汞吸附剂,解决吸附剂吸附汞后难以从废水中分离,造成汞二次释放问题。采用BET、XRD、TEM等表征手段对合成的磁性沸石进行表征分析,系统研究了固液比、溶液初始pH、振荡时间等参数对磁性沸石汞离子吸附性能的影响,对磁性沸石吸附汞离子过程进行动力学研究,结果表明合成的磁性沸石为球形核壳结构,磁核被沸石均匀包裹,磁性沸石的比表面积为4.46 m²/g,最可几孔径为18.25 nm,属于介孔范围,磁性沸石表现出磁化滞后,其矫顽力约10 000 A/m,可通过外加磁场从脱硫废水中分离。试验最佳吸附条件为固液比5 g/L、最佳初始pH为5、振荡时间90 min,在此条件下Hg²⁺脱除率达92%。动力学研究结果表明,准一级动力学模型能较准确描述Hg²⁺吸附量随时间的变化,拟合的平衡吸附容量为23.24 mg/g,优于商业活...     

清液体系中高性能T型沸石分子筛膜的合成

由摩尔组成为SiO2:Al2O3:Na2O:K2O:H2O=1:0.015:0.25:0.08:25的澄清溶液,在预涂晶种的管状莫来石支撑体上水热合成T型沸石分子筛膜.在高于100℃清液体系中合成出了高性能T型沸石分子筛膜.用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)仪和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对150℃下合成35 h的分子筛膜进行了表征.XRD谱表明:T型沸石分子筛成功地生长在预涂晶种的支撑体上.支撑体的外表面覆盖着20 μm厚有取向的晶体层.从SEM照片判断,起到分离作用的是生长致密的中间层,而不是表层.在150℃下制备的膜,对水/乙醇、水/异丙醇混合物具有高渗透汽化分离性能.优异的渗透汽化性能归因于在涂有晶种的多孔支撑体上生长了一层高结晶度且缺陷较少的T型沸石分子筛晶体层.     

NaY分子筛中苯分子吸附和扩散行为的分子模拟

In the article the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), molecular dynamics (MD), and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations with particular focus on ascertaining the loading dependence of benzene diffusion in the zeolite were performed. First, a realistic representation of the structure of the sorbate-sorbent system was obtained based on GCMC simulation. The simulation clearly shows the characteristics of the adsorption sites of the benzene-NaY system, from which two kinds of preferably adsorbing sites for benzene molecules, called SII and W sites, are identified. The structure thus obtained was then used as a basis for KMC and MD simulations. A compara-tive study by introducing and comparing two different mechanisms underlying jump diffusion in the zeolite of in-terest shows that the MS diffusivity values predicted by the KMC and MD methods are fairly close to each other, leading to the conclusion that for benzene diffusion in NaY, the SII→W→SII jumps of benzene molecules are dominated, while the W→W jumps do not exist in the process. These findings provide further support to our previous conclusion about the absence of the W→W jumps in the process of benzene diffusion in NaY. Finally, two relations for predicting the self- and MS diffusivities were derived and found to be in fair agreement with the KMC and MD simulations.     

粉煤灰合成沸石对混合重金属离子的吸附研究

利用粉煤灰合成沸石吸附混合重金属离子Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋,考察初始浓度对沸石吸附4种混合重金属离子的吸附效果影响。结果表明：初始浓度对沸石吸附重金属离子的效果影响显著,当混合重金属离子初始浓度不同时,沸石对其去除率也不同。当初始浓度为50mg／L与100mg／L时,重金属离子去除顺序为Cu〉Pb〉Ni〉Zn。当初始浓度提高为200mg／L与300mg／L时,去除顺序变为Cu≈Pb〉Zn〉Ni。沸石对Pb^2＋与Cu^2＋两种重金属离子的吸附性能较强,而对Zn^2＋与Ni^2＋两种重金属离子的吸附能力较弱。     

粉煤灰合成沸石对重金属铅与镍的吸附性能研究

利用粉煤灰合成的沸石吸附混合重金属Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+),考察吸附剂量、初始p H、反应温度与反应时间对其竞争吸附效果的影响,探讨沸石吸附Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学。结果表明:随着吸附剂量的逐渐增大,沸石对Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+)的吸附去除率不断提高,而单位质量吸附剂对Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+)的吸附容量不断下降。在整个吸附过程中两种离子竞争吸附去除顺序是PbNi。初始p H值对沸石吸附Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+)去除效果影响显著。酸性环境中沸石对混合重金属中Pb~(2+)的吸附抑制了其对Ni~(2+)的吸附。随着反应温度的上升与反应时间的延长,沸石对Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+)的吸附去除率不断提高。沸石对Pb~(2+)的吸附去除率在各个反应温度均高于其对Ni~(2+)的去除率。沸石对混合重金属Ni~(2+)与Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学模型。     

利用粉煤灰制备分子筛及对水体中六价铬的吸附研究

以粉煤灰为原料,采用湿法加碱煅烧法合成了4A分子筛,研究了粉煤灰与烧碱配比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对合成4A分子筛的影响,结果表明粉煤灰与烧碱配比1.0:0.8,煅烧温度700℃,煅烧时间1 h有利于4A分子筛的合成.利用合成的4A分子筛对水体中六价铬进行了吸附研究,实验确定的最佳吸附条件为:分子筛投加量为0.3 g,溶液pH值为6～7,吸附时间为30 min,吸附温度为10～25℃.最佳吸附条件下分子筛对六价铬有较好的去除效果.吸附以物理吸附为主,符合Freundlich等温吸附式.同时对4A分子筛的再生性进行了研究,2次循环使用后其吸附能力仍能保持初次吸附能力的90.0％以上.     

粉煤灰合成单一SOD型沸石及其氨氮吸附性能研究

采用两步法合成了单一的SOD型粉煤灰沸石,并用于氨氮废水处理与再生.研究了晶化时间和晶化温度对沸石合成的影响.结果表明:晶化时间和晶化温度均影响合成沸石的种类和结构.在100℃晶化温度下,反应10h可获得单一的SOD型沸石.沸石再生前后氨氮吸附容量随着氨氮浓度的增大而增加.当氨氮初始浓度为10mg/L时,沸石的吸附容量为0.713 mg/g,而再生后吸附容量仅为再生前26％左右,且对极低浓度的氨氮废水2.5h就可达到吸附平衡.     

用改性粉煤灰处理含氟废水的试验

通过实验探讨了改性粉煤灰处理含氟废水的影响因素。实验结果表明:经Ca(OH)2溶液改性的粉煤灰的除氟性能与改性试剂Ca(OH)2溶液的浓度、吸附时间、废水氟离子初始浓度、废水pH值、反应温度等因素有关。将氟离子浓度为267.0mg/L的含氟废水的pH调至3.5后,按每升废水中加入经过5%的Ca(OH)2溶液改性烘干的粉煤灰0.05g,在室温下振荡1h,F-去除率可达98.0%。最后对改性粉煤灰处理含氟废水的机理作了初步分析。     

粉煤灰沸石的合成及其对Pb~（2＋）的吸附研究

以驻马店热电厂粉煤灰为原料,在水热条件下合成了沸石,利用FT-IR对合成沸石进行表征。利用正交试验法研究了所合成沸石吸附Pb2＋的性能,考察了粉煤灰预处理方法、吸附条件（pH值、吸附时间、沸石用量等）对吸附的影响。结果表明：采用加碱焙烧预处理合成的沸石,在pH=7、吸附时间45 min、投加量为1.2 g时,对Pb2＋有很好的吸附作用。该条件下Pb2＋的去除率在83.5%左右。     

Removal of Boron from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Fly Ash,Zeolite, and Demineralized Lignite

In the present study for the purpose of removal of boron from water by adsorption using adsorbents like fly ash, natural zeolite, and demineralized lignite was investigated. Boron in water was removed with fly ash, zeolite, and demineralized lignite with different capacities. Ninety-four percent boron was removed using fly ash. Batch experiments were conducted to test the removal capacity, to obtain adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Boron removal by all adsorbents was affected by pH of solution; maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 10. Adsorption of boron on fly ash was investigated by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and the Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Standard entropy and enthalpy changes of adsorption of boron on fly ash were, ΔS ⁰  = ?0.69 kJ/mol K and ΔH ⁰  = ?215.34 kJ/mol, respectively. The negative value of ΔS ⁰ indicated decreased randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption boron on the fly ash sample. Negative values of ΔH ⁰ showed the exothermic nature of the process. The negative values of ΔG ⁰ implied that the adsorption of boron on fly ash samples was spontaneous. Adsorption of boron on fly ash occurred with a pseudo-second order kinetic model, and intraparticle diffusion of boron species had also some effect in adsorption kinetics.     

粉煤灰合成沸石及应用

以粉煤灰为原料采用碱熔水热合成法合成沸石,通过XRD、SEMI、R等手段进行了物相、形貌、结构分析,用分光光度法进行废水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除率的分析。合成的沸石对废水中亚甲基蓝的去除率为86.9%,比原灰提高了33.1%,表明合成的沸石比原灰的吸附量增加。     

改性粉煤灰处理苯胺废水研究

文章以粉煤灰为吸附剂,以盐酸和氢氧化钠分别作为酸、碱改性剂,对粉煤灰进行了改性处理,并对不同类型粉煤灰对苯胺废水中苯胺的吸附行为进行了研究。实验结果表明酸改性粉煤灰相比碱性粉煤灰和未改性粉煤灰对苯胺废水有较高的COD去除率和色度去除率。搅拌只能加快吸附到达平衡的时间,对粉煤灰平衡状态下的吸附能力基本没有影响。在pH为9.5,常温条件下,适宜的酸改性粉煤灰投加量为每100mL废水投加5 g,较佳的搅拌速率为200 r/min,在此情况下,苯胺废水的COD去除率和色度去除率分别为34.6%和37.8%。     

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution Using Zeolite Synthesized from Fly Ash by Alkaline Fusion Followed by Hydrothermal Treatment

The removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by the adsorption process using zeolite synthesized from fly ash was investigated in this study. The XRD patterns revealed that the major crystalline phase of the synthesized zeolite was gismondine. The phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC) increased significantly from 52.7 mg/g of fly ash to 102.9 mg/g of synthesized zeolite after conversion. The batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pH, initial phosphate concentration, and adsorbent amount. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at the pH value of 7.0. The adsorption process followed Ho' pseudo-second-order model, and both liquid film and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-controlling step for the process. The adsorption equilibrium data had been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Radlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Generalized models. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave the best fit. The process was also found to be endothermic. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity obtained was 132.02 mg/g (30°C), 156.36 mg/g (40°C) and 184.17 mg/g (50°C), respectively, suggesting that the synthesized zeolite is a promising material and can be used to remove phosphate from wastewater.