Stripping of hydrogen sulfide from visbreaking resid

Technical and production solutions ensuring a commercial boiler fuel with a hydrogen sulfide content of no more than 2 ppm are developed as a result of the basic design of a unit for stripping hydrogen sulfide from visbreaking resid. The potential exists for a further increase in the output of the visbreaking plant to 2 million tons/year, where the actual output achieved is 1.4 million tons/year.     

Optimization of separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion by demulsification using different demulsifiers

Separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion is a major challenge in petroleum industries during the producing and refining process. The authors investigated characterization of oil-in-water emulsion and subsequently separation of oil from emulsion using different chemical dimulsifiers. The effect of settling time, pH, temperature, and demulsifier dosage on oil separation efficiency has been studied. It was observed that as time, temperature, and chemical dosage increased oil separation efficiency increased. Droplet size distribution of emulsions illustrated that the demulsifier could lead to the breakup of crude oil-in-water emulsions by flocculation and coalescence. More than 98% oil separations were observed with some demulsifiers under optimum operating conditions.     

水力族流器分离油水中间层乳化液的现场试验

叙述了用水力旋流器处理油水中间层乳化液的现场试验情况，比较了固液分离旋流器与油水分离旋流器的异同，分析了油水中间层乳化液的成因及温度、分流比、添加破乳剂等对分离效率的影响。现场试验表明：（１）用水力旋流器分离油水中间层乳化液是可行的；（２）选取分流比的数值稍大于乳化液含油浓度可得到较高的分离效率；（３）对乳化液加温时温度控制在５０℃～６０℃较为经济；（４）在乳化液进入放流器前加入１００ｐｐｍ破乳剂，经旋流器处理再沉降后，最终可将原油含水降至５％以下。     

A comprehensive approach to processing asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid

Recommendations are given on organizing comprehensive processing of asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid with liquid propane to obtain a number of commercial products and valuable distillates. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 16–19, March–April, 2006.     

液-液水力旋流器油水乳化机理研究

为了提高液-液水力旋流器的分离效率,避免油水在分离过程中产生严重的乳化现象,根据流体力学及旋流器的基本理论和方法,深入研究了液-液水力旋流器产生乳化现象的机理,并根据研究结果分析了产生乳化现象的主要影响因素。考虑到工程实际应用特将其与液-液水力旋流器的结构参数、操作参数及进料物性参数结合,逐一分析其对油水产生乳化的影响。分析结果表明,粘度μ、流量Q、入口速度v、分散相表面张力σ对油水乳化起关键作用,在设计和操作时应充分考虑。这项研究可为优化旋流器的结构设计,降低乳化程度,获得最佳的分离效率提供理论参考。     

CO_2/水乳液体系的黏度测定

采用超临界CO_2、H_2O和表面活性剂聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚(TMN-6)构建了水包CO_2的乳液体系,探索了CO_2/水乳液体系的形成条件,利用高压落球黏度计测试了CO_2/水乳液体系的黏度,考察了TMN-6质量浓度、体系温度、CO_2压力及m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)对乳液体系黏度的影响。实验结果表明,在25~40℃,10~25 MPa,m_(CO_2)∶m_(H_2O)=(2∶8)~(5∶5),TMN-6质量浓度在0.2%~1.5%条件下,可形成稳定的CO_2/水乳液体系;乳液体系的黏度随TMN-6质量浓度的增加、CO_2压力的升高、温度的降低及m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)的增加有不同程度的增大,且随着TMN-6质量浓度的增加,CO_2/水乳液体系黏度与温度和压力的相关性也逐渐增加。     

Kinetics of carbon dioxide removal from water in flat membrane contactor

The problem of regeneration of a carbon dioxide physical absorbent in gas-liquid membrane contactor has been addressed using water as the absorbent. An analytical solution for the mass transfer equation has been obtained with taking into account not only axial, but also radial diffusion of the solute in the liquid flow and thereby significantly extending the area of applicability of the solution. The kinetics of carbon dioxide desorption from aqueous solutions has been described for the membrane contactor based on asymmetric gas separation membrane made of polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS). It has been shown that the model agrees well with experimental data for different pressures of water saturation with carbon dioxide and desorption temperatures.     

Styrene-containing polymers as accelerators in the preparation of a binder from vacuum resid

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 8, pp. 30–31, August, 1991.     

分隔壁共沸精馏塔分离叔丁醇水混合物的模拟研究

提出了一种单塔共沸精馏分离叔丁醇水混合物的新工艺,新工艺采用分隔壁共沸精馏塔(DWC-A)替代常规共沸精馏流程的共沸精馏塔及回收塔,不仅节省了设备投资,而且降低了总能耗。利用ASPENPLUS模拟软件,对分隔壁共沸精馏塔及常规萃取流程进行了模拟。分隔壁共沸精馏塔的操作条件为:主塔理论板数为25块,副塔理论板数为10块,环已烷为共沸剂,在此条件下,比较了常规萃取精馏流程与分隔壁精馏塔内温度、液相组成及汽液相流量的变化。结果表明,分隔壁共沸精馏塔比常规的两塔萃取精馏流程节能17.8%。     

Products from hydrogenation of vacuum resid as a raw material for obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 34–36, June, 1994.     

High-vacuum “dry” distillation of atmospheric resid

The reduction in petroleum feedstock resources has exacerbated the problem of exhaustive refining of atmospheric resid and has shrunken the boiler fuel market [1]. The degree of refining crude oil as a whole is also a function of the degree of proficiency of refining atmospheric resid, producing fuel or lube distillates. The maximum yields of these products are determined on one hand by the possibilities of their subsequent processing and on the other by the equipment and technical implementation of the subsystem for vacuum distillation of atmospheric resid (pressure losses, efficiency of one theoretical plate of the contact system, economy and ecology of the vacuum system — (VS), which ensues low residual pressure in the tower). Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 8 – 10, November – December, 1999.