氯化钙生产中硫酸银的去除方法

文章对氨碱法制碱废精液制取氯化钙生产工艺中硫酸根的去除方法进行了研究，试验证实采用浓氯化钙溶液与废清液预先竞合的方法，可将废清液中硫酸根含量降至0.02%左右，从而有效缓解了后序蒸发过程蒸发器壁硫酸钙结疤问题。     

利用制溴废液和制碱废清液制取CaSO4.2H2O的研究

文章探讨了混合比例，混合时间，澄清时间在利用制溴废液和制碱废清液制取CaSO4.2H2O过程中，对硫酸根去除率的影响，其结果可供今后废液利用参考。     

利用制溴废液和制碱废清液制取CaSO_4·2H_2O的研究

文章探讨了混合比例、混合时间、澄清时间在利用制溴废液和制碱废清液制取CaSO4 ·2H2 O过程中 ,对硫酸根去除率的影响。其结果可供今后废液利用参考。     

氯化钙法脱除硫酸根技术在井矿盐开采中的研究与应用

在全卤制碱生产工程中,卤水中含有天然的硫酸根等杂质,随着生产的持续进行,硫酸根在系统中不断富集,硫酸根离子达到14g/L,已严重影响离子膜的使用寿命和生产.降低硫酸根离子迫在眉睫,结合公司实际,大胆采用废酸和电石灰反应生成氯化钙,氯化钙注井法脱除硫酸根技术,保证合格卤水供应.     

氨碱法废清液析盐规律的计算研究(I)——模型考证

在考证了用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ电解质溶液理论计算Ｎａ＋,Ｃａ∥Ｃｌ－－Ｈ２Ｏ体系溶解度及密度的前提下,提出了借助于该理论、用计算机计算氨碱法制碱废清液蒸发过程中液相组成和密度的方法,运用这些计算数据可以研究废清液的析盐规律。在证实这种方法可靠性的情况下,对未知析盐规律的废清液进行了预测;计算了Ｎａ＋,Ｃａ∥Ｃｌ－－Ｈ２Ｏ体系２０℃相图数据及等密度线,运用带等密度线的相图可以直接确定设计及操作中的工艺参数     

控速结晶技术在氯化钙生产中的应用

针对利用氨碱法生产废清液再生产氯化钙时容易产生硫酸钙垢的情况,我们采用了控制结晶技术来加以控制,取得满意效果.文中详述了各项控制参数、过程、方法,以供同行参考.     

废清液蒸发浓缩规律的计算机处理

借助于水盐体系溶解度及密度的有关计算方法，建立了研究氨碱法制碱废清液蒸发浓缩过程的数学模型，并进行了计算机处理。     

氨碱法废清液析盐规律的计算研究（Ⅰ）—模型考证

在考证了用Ｐ８ｚｔｅｒ电解质溶注理论计算Ｎａ＾＋,Ｃａ＾＋＋／／Ｃｌ＾－－Ｈ２Ｏ体纱溶解度及密度的前提下,提出了黛助于该理论,用计算机计算氨碱法制碱废清液蒸发过程中液相组成和密度和方法,运用这些计算数据可以研究废清 的析盐规律。     

利用制溴废液和制碱废清液制取CaSO4.2H2O的研究

文章探讨了混合比例、混合时间、澄清时间在利用制溴废液和制碱废清液制取CaSO     

碱液再利用的成效

本文对包装车间洗瓶机碱液回收改造的成果作一些介绍,以供同行参考。1改造方案(见示意图1)方案说明:将洗瓶机碱槽废碱液排人浊液罐,碱再生系统自动启动,浊液罐废碱液经过滤膜和二次分离处理后泵入清液罐保温、升温     

液相催化下硫酸钙制取硫酸钾的研究进展

文章通过对K2 +2 、Ca2 +∥Cl2 -2 、SO2 -4 ———H2 O四元交互水盐体系相图分析 ,确定硫酸钙与氯化钾在 36 %氨浓度条件下液相催化生成硫酸钾 ,其K+转化率为 78.8% ,SO2 -4 析出率为 88.6 %。     

NaCl—CaCl2体系水溶液蒸发浓缩过程中浓度变化与沸点关系的研究

氨碱法制碱过程中产生大量钙废液,废液中主要含有氯化钙、氯化钠等,将废液注井对硫酸钠型盐矿水溶采卤,可以实现井下脱硫生产液体盐或通过真空制盐生产精制盐产品。文章对NaC l—CaC l2体系水溶液蒸发浓缩过程中浓度及沸点变化进行了研究,为该工艺的工业生产状态下的操作条件的确定提供了数据支持,为实现制碱废液的有效利用和精制盐的提取创造了有利条件。     

高海拔地区纯碱蒸氨废液综合利用技术研究

文章分析了高海拔地区回收纯碱蒸氨废液中氯化钙遇到的工艺技术和工程化问题,通过试验研究,调整工艺参数并对设备进行适当改造,实现了低成本、高品质生产设计要求.     

发展循环经济是解决纯碱三废问题的有效途径

在氨碱法纯碱生产中,产生大量的废液、废渣和废气。每生产1 t纯碱将排出废液10 m3,内含废渣300 kg~400 kg。另外,废盐泥、废芒硝的排放量也相当大。废渣的主要成分为碳酸钙、氯化钙、三氧化硅、氯化钠、铁铝氧化物等多种无机盐,这些物质和约50%~60%的水混成白色膏状物。大量的废渣堆积如山,占地面积很大,严重影响生产和周边环境。在发展纯碱生产的同时,必须采取措施,对三废进行治理。吉兰泰碱厂从节能降耗、环境治理的角度出发,多头并举,既治理了三废污染又实现了废液、废渣的循环再利用。     

自制皂化松香胶在废纸浆施胶中的应用

本文研究了实验室自制不同工艺配方的液体松香胶在废纸浆中施胶的应用.结果表明,在硫酸铝用量为1.5%,松香用量为0.4%时,施胶效果达到最佳.本文还讨论了施胶反应时间对施胶效果的影响.     

阳离子液体松香在废纸浆施胶中的应用

本文就一种阳离子液体松香施胶剂在废纸浆中的应用进行了一些初步试验。结果表明：在该阳离子松香 施胶时，需加入适量的硫酸铝；阳离子液体松香施胶时加入少量强化松香有利于施胶效果的改善。     

二水硫酸钙晶体生长及添加剂对它的影响(Ⅰ)——二水硫酸钙成核及生长现象的研究

结垢现象在工业生产中普遍存在 ,化学垢处理剂主要通过对结垢离子 (Ca2 + 、CO2 -3 、SO2 -4 等 )引起的晶核形成及晶体生长过程产生影响。硫酸钙是垢中较难处理的成份之一。本文主要研究了过饱和溶液中二水硫酸钙晶体成核及生长现象 ,同时对垢的形成机理进行了探讨 ,针对这方面的研究有助于开发或选择更经济有效的垢处理剂。     

Primary measures for reduction of PCDD/F in Co-combustion of lignite coal and waste: effect of various inhibitors

Co-combustion of coal and waste in power plants poses both environmental and economic challenges, especially because of the high polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD/F) emissions from solid waste. In this study, we performed a series of experiments focusing on the prevention of PCDD/F formation by the use of various inhibitors added to the fuel before combustion. A mixture of lignite coal, solid waste, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was thermally treated in a laboratory-scale furnace at 400 degrees C. Twenty different additives were investigated at a level of 10 wt% of the total fuel during the experiments. We have divided them into four general groups according to their chemical nature: metal oxides, N-containing compounds, S-containing compounds, and N- and S-containing compounds. The resulting values showed a significant reduction of PCDD/F levels when N- and S-containing compounds were used as additives to the fuel. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to illustrate the effect of the 20 different inhibitors on the congener patterns emitted. As a result, the most effective inhibitors for PCDD/F formation in flue gases were determined to be (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)2S2O3; they are inexpensive and nontoxic materials. Both compounds can suppress the formation of toxic compounds such as PCDD/Fs by more than 98-99%, and the most toxic PCDD/F congeners were not detectable in most of the samples. Thus, these compounds were also studied as a lower percentage of the fuel. (NH4)2SO4 resulted in a greater than 90% reduction of PCDD/F even when composing only 3% of the fuel combusted. However, less than 5% (NH4)2S2O3 resulted in far weaker inhibition. The PCDD/F homologue distribution ratio for samples with varying percentages of (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)2S2O3 was also investigated. Higher percentages of the inhibitors produced a lower percentage of lower chlorinated PCDDs. The opposite effect was found for PCDFs.     

Preparation and Partial Characterization of Eggshell Calcium Chloride

To minimize eggshell waste, calcium in eggshells was extracted as calcium chloride using 4% (w/v) HCl solution for an extraction period of 3 hs with the ratio of eggshell to HCl being 1:15 (w/v). After hydrolysis, the residues were removed by centrifugation at 1774 × g for 10 min, and the solution was heated to 110–115°C until dried, this gave an eggshell calcium chloride at a yield of 87.38% (w/w). The calcium chloride powder in this study was composed of 0.3% protein and 94.37% ash, with pH 5.27 and showed high solubility. It contained minute amount of heavy metal constituents within the specification of the Thai Food Act. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that eggshell calcium chloride powder thus prepared was composed mainly of CaCl₂.2H₂O. The eggshell CaCl₂ was also tested for its functional property as a firming agent in canned rambutan. The results showed that both eggshell and commercial calcium chloride gave a firm texture to canned rambutan, therefore eggshell CaCl₂ can be prepared and used as food processing aids.     

Influence of added calcium chloride on the heat stability of unconcentrated and concentrated bovine milk

The influence of added calcium chloride (1–10 mmol/L) on the heat-induced coagulation of skim bovine milk was examined. Unconcentrated milk displayed a pH-heat coagulation time (HCT) profile with a maximum at pH 6.6 and minimum at pH 7.0. Adding calcium chloride to unconcentrated milk progressively reduced the HCT at the maximum, increased the pH at which the maximum occurred and reduced the HCT at pH > 7.0. For concentrated milk, the shape of the pH-HCT profile, that is, a maximum at pH 6.6, was not altered by added calcium chloride, but HCT was reduced progressively with increasing concentration of calcium chloride. Preheating (90°C for 10 min) shifted the maximum in the pH-HCT profile of unconcentrated milk to a more acidic pH, and addition of 5 mmol/L calcium chloride to preheated milk induced changes in heat stability similar to those noted for unheated milk. Addition of calcium chloride to milk prior to preheating strongly reduced the stability of milk against heat-induced coagulation. These data suggest that calcium has a strong destabilizing effect on the stability of milk systems against heat-induced coagulation.