高压反应釜制备甜菜粕可溶性膳食纤维

以甜菜废粕为原料,用高压反应釜制备可溶性膳食纤维,探讨操作压力、反应温度和反应时间对从甜菜废粕中制备可溶性膳食纤维的影响,对各个因素进行系统的研究,得出最佳提取条件为压力20MPa、反应温度160℃和反应时间90min,此时可溶性膳食纤维得率为22.5％.可溶性膳食纤维主成分糖醛酸和中性糖最高含量为71.7％.SEM结果表明高压处理破坏了甜菜粕表面晶型.可溶性膳食纤维溶液流变性能表现为粘度随着浓度的增加而增大,随着剪切速率的增加而急剧减小.高压反应釜制备甜菜粕可溶性膳食纤维,仅用水为反应介质,不使用任何化学试剂,对设备无腐蚀,对环境友好.     

从甜菜粕中提取食用纤维和果胶的研究

甜菜废粕是量大而集中的甜菜制糖废弃物，由它制成的食用纤维具有高的持水性，有明显的降血脂、降胆固醇、降血糖作用，能大幅度降低膳食热量，是目前性能最好的食用纤维之一。本文介绍了甜菜食用纤维的提取工艺，性能测试，在保健食品中的应用及卫生毒理和临床研究结果。还研究了从甜菜粕中提取果胶的工艺（包括一种不使用酒精的果胶提取工艺）。     

甜菜粕的深层次开发

以甜菜粕为原料通过新的生物化工技术开发出附加值高的果胶、膳食纤维、单细胞蛋白、食用茵等深加工产品，可大大提高甜菜粕的综合利用率，提高糖厂的经济效益。     

改性甜菜纤维的制备及其在糖液脱色中的应用

以甜菜粕纤维(SBPF)为原料,通过环氧氯丙烷/乙二胺对其进行改性,获得一种新型的纤维素类吸附剂,研究这种改性甜菜粕纤维对糖液的脱色作用。通过X-射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜对甜菜粕纤维进行结构表征。以改性甜菜粕纤维中氮元素增加量(△N%)为指标,确定甜菜粕纤维胺化反应的最佳工艺条件是:乙二胺质量分数30%、反应时间6 h、反应温度80℃和NaHCO3质量分数1.5%。在此条件下,获得的改性产物中氮元素增加量为1.23%。FTIR分析结果表明:改性甜菜粕纤维吸附剂发生胺化反应,其对糖液的脱色能力是因胺基基团的引入;改性甜菜粕纤维中氮元素增加量与糖液浊度去除率和脱色率呈正相关的关系。本研究表明,改性甜菜粕纤维可用于糖液脱色,是一种前景广阔的脱色剂。     

甜菜膳食纤维超微粉碎工艺与性能的研究

以甜菜废粕为原料,利用乙醇提取果胶后,得到膳食纤维,将膳食纤维干法超微粉碎后,测定其持水力、膨胀力、对油脂吸收能力和阳离子交换能力等物理化学特性,结果表明超微粉碎处理对膳食纤维品质的影响较大.     

乙醇-过氧化氢纤维素酶提取甜菜膳食纤维工艺的研究

以甜菜干粕为原料,用乙醇和过氧化氢提取膳食纤维.分别以甜菜膳食纤维的膨胀力和持水力为评价指标,最佳提取工艺条件:乙醇体积分数65%,过氧化氢体积分数7%,水浴温度35℃,水浴时间75 min.在此条件下可以提高甜菜膳食纤维的膨胀力2.52%,提高持水力3.14%.用纤维素酶改性甜菜膳食纤维,分别以甜菜膳食纤维的膨胀力和持水力为评价指标,得到两种最佳改性条件:一是在酶用量600μL,反应温度60℃,pH 5.5,反应55min条件下处理,可以提高甜菜膳食纤维的膨胀力13.8%;二是在酶用量600μL,反应温度55℃,pH 5.5,反应65min条件下处理,可以提高甜菜膳食纤维的持水力19.7%.     

油茶粕膳食纤维的超声辅助酶法提取工艺优化及理化性质分析

膳食纤维（Dietary Fiber，DF）具有很多生理功能及突出的应用前景，而可溶性膳食纤维（Soluble Dietary Fiber，SDF）的生理特性要优于不溶性膳食纤维（Insoluble Dietary Fiber，IDF）。为提高油茶粕DF中SDF的得率，以SDF得率作为评价指标，采用超声辅助酶法，通过单因素实验对酶添加量、超声时间、超声功率、料液比四个因素进行研究，并在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面优化试验，并对得到的DF进行理化性质及结构分析。结果表明，最佳提取工艺为酶添加量0.2%、超声时间31 min、超声功率210 W、料液比1:23 g/mL，SDF得率为12.43%，此时IDF得率为68.39 %。油茶粕总膳食纤维（Total Dietary Fibre，TDF）的持水力为4.36 g/g、持油力为3.67 g/g、膨胀力为6.83 mL/g，胆固醇吸附率在pH2时为5.79 mg/g，pH7时为8.38 mg/g，葡萄糖吸附率为11.49 mg/g。通过结构表征的分析推测油茶粕TDF中含有木质素、纤维素、半纤维素及糖类物质，TDF表面疏松多孔、凹凸不平，粒径为50.699 nm。本研究提高了SDF得率，证明油茶粕TDF具有较好的理化性质及结构，为提高油茶粕的附加价值提供了参考。     

核桃粕膳食纤维提取、结构分析及粒度差异对其理化性质的影响

采用化学法从脱脂核桃粕中提取膳食纤维,研究5种不同粒度条件下(40、40~60、60~80、80~120、120~160、160目)核桃粕膳食纤维在持水力、膨胀性、吸油性、粘度、阳离子吸附力、葡萄糖阻滞力等理化性质方面的差异,以期为核桃粕膳食纤维的综合利用提供理论依据。结果显示,化学法提取的核桃粕膳食纤维得率为12.47%,膳食纤维含量为76.34%,蛋白质含量为5.41%;红外光谱扫描结果显示,核桃粕膳食纤维在3420 cm~(-1)处具有明显的纤维素特征吸收峰,表明核桃粕膳食纤维结构基本未受到破坏。不同粒度范围的核桃粕膳食纤维持水力、膨胀性和粘度均有显著差异。其中,粒度在120~160目之间时,核桃粕膳食纤维持水力最好,为7.76 g·g~(-1);粒度在80~120目之间时,核桃粕膳食纤维膨胀值和粘度最大,分别为5.28 m L·g~(-1)、21.25 m Pa·s。核桃粕膳食纤维持油力(OAC值)随粒度减小呈增加趋势,当粒度160目时核桃粕膳食纤维OAC值达到1.92 g·g~(-1)。此外,当核桃粕膳食纤维粒度为120~160目时,葡萄糖阻滞力最强,粒度为80~120目时,阳离子吸附能力最强。综合而言,核桃粕膳食纤维粒度在80~160目之间时,具备最佳的理化特性。     

甜菜粕对Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附平衡和动力学研究

甜菜粕是一种富含膳食纤维的糖厂主要副产物,因其阳离子结合能力强常用于废水中重金属及色素的污染治理。本文研究了甜菜粕粒径和用量、反应时间、溶液中Fe3+初始浓度等因素对甜菜粕静态吸附人体必需宏量元素铁的影响,以及吸附反应平衡和动力学。结果表明,甜菜粕对铁的吸附量随着甜菜粕粒径减小、铁初始浓度的增加而增加;吸附平衡时间是80~100 min;在铁初始浓度0.001 mol/L,反应时间100 min和温度25℃的条件下,含水分93%、粒径75μm~150μm的废粕5 g/L可吸附除去溶液中65%铁;吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型描述(R2≥0.99);吸附平衡数据与Freundlich型吸附等温线模型拟合性好,,说明甜菜粕对Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附不是理想的单分子层吸附。甜菜粕因其廉价和高选择性,是制备高生物学效价有机铁剂的潜在底物。     

甜菜粕对Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附平衡和动力学研究

甜菜粕是一种富含膳食纤维的糖厂主要副产物,因其阳离子结合能力强常用于废水中重金属及色素的污染治理。本文研究了甜菜粕粒径和用量、反应时间、溶液中Fe3+初始浓度等因素对甜菜粕静态吸附人体必需宏量元素铁的影响,以及吸附反应平衡和动力学。结果表明,甜菜粕对铁的吸附量随着甜菜粕粒径减小、铁初始浓度的增加而增加;吸附平衡时间是80~100 min;在铁初始浓度0.001 mol/L,反应时间100 min和温度25 ℃的条件下,含水分93%、粒径75 μm~150 μm的废粕5 g/L可吸附除去溶液中65%铁;吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型描述（R2≥0.99）;吸附平衡数据与Freundlich型吸附等温线模型拟合性好,,说明甜菜粕对Fe（Ⅲ）的吸附不是理想的单分子层吸附. 甜菜粕因其廉价和高选择性,是制备高生物学效价有机铁剂的潜在底物。     

Zur Gewinnung von Ballaststoffpräparaten aus extrahierten Zuckerrübenschnitzeln

Isolation of dietary fiber preparations from extracted sugar beet pulp The preparation of dietary fiber from extracted sugar beet pulp by treatment with peracetic acid (PAA) was investigated by application of statistical experimental plans of a second order. The influence of reaction temperature and time and of PAA concentration on the amount of alcohol-insoluble substance, the PAA consumption, the content of pectin and protein, the degree or whiteness and the water bindung capacity was determined and discussed for optimization of preparation parameters. A dietary fiber product from sugar beet pulp prepared under optimum conditions has good sensory properties and consists of 56.1% insoluble and 16.1% soluble dietary fiber, 36.7% cellulose, 9.7% hemicellulose-pentoses and 7.1%-hexoses, 16.9% pectin, 11.0% raw protein and 1.1% raw fat. Neutral saccharide residues were 36.1% glucose, 8,1% arabinose, 5.8% galactose. 1.1% rhamnose, 0.7% xylose and < 0.05% mannose.     

甜菜渣成分在浓硝酸和酶作用下的变化

甜菜渣是一种富含果胶的木质纤维素类生物质.本文主要运用85%的浓硝酸对甜菜渣进行水解,然后用精密分析仪器进行分析处理之后的底物糖分的变化规律.通过改变温度和时间得到处理条件在50℃以下温度和60 min的处理时间之内,发现提高浓硝酸处理温度或者延长处理时间均有利于水溶部分中半乳醣醛酸、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖等糖类成分含量的增...     

Sugar beet pulp and apple pomace dietary fibers improve lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol

The effect of diets supplemented with sugar beet pulp fiber (SBP, 10%) and apple pomace fiber (AP, 10%) on lipids and lipids peroxides was investigated in 60 male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups of 10 and adapted to cholesterol-free or 0.3% cholesterol diets. The basal diet (BD) contained wheat meal, barley meal, wheat hulls, meat-bone meal, barley sprouts, skimmed milk, fodder yeast, mineral and vitamin mixtures. The Control group (Control) consumed BD only. To the BD were added 3 g/kg cholesterol (Chol), 100 g/kg dry sugar beet pulp fiber (SBP), both 100 g/kg sugar beet pulp fiber and 3 g/kg cholesterol (SBP+Chol), 100 g/kg apple pomace fiber (AP), both 100 g/kg apple pomace fiber and 3 g/kg cholesterol (AP+Chol). The experiment lasted 40 days. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total phospholipids (TPH), HDL phospholipids (HDL-PH), lipid peroxides (LP) and liver TC concentration were measured. Groups did not differ before the experiment. In the Chol+SBP and the Chol+AP vs. Chol group the sugar beet pulp and apple pomace dietary fiber supplemented diet significantly (P<0.05) hindered the rise of plasma lipids: (a) TC−2.97 vs. 3.69 mmol/l, −20% and 3.01 vs 3.69 mmol/l, −18.4%, respectively; (b) LDL-C −1.36 vs. 2.02 mmol/l, −32.6% and 1.39 vs. 2.02 mmol/l, −31.2%, respectively; (c) TG −0.73 vs. 0.88 mmol/l, and 0.75 vs. 0.88 mmol/l; −17 and −14.8%, respectively, and TC in liver (17.1 vs. 24.3 μmol/g, −29.6% and 17.9 v. 24.3 μmol/g, −26.3%, respectively. Sugar beet and apple pomace fiber-supplemented diets significantly hindered the decrease in HDL-PH (0.79 vs. 0.63 mmol/l, −25.3%, P<0.025 and 0.75 vs. 0.63 mmol/l, −19%, P<0.05, respectively) and decreased the level of TPH (1.34 vs. 1.74 mmol/l, −23%, P<0.005 and 1.37 vs. 1.74 mmol/l, −21.3%, P<0.01, respectively). Both sugar beet pulp fiber and apple pomace fiber, in rats fed the basal diet without cholesterol, did not significantly affect the variables measured. Neither sugar beet pulp fiber or apple pomace fiber-supplemented diets influenced the level of lipid peroxides. These results demonstrate that sugar beet pulp fiber and to a lesser degree apple pomace fiber possess hypolipidemic properties. This is more evident when sugar beet pulp fiber or apple pomace fiber are added to the diet of rats fed cholesterol. The hypolipidemic effects of both sugar beet pulp fiber and apple pomace fiber can be attributed to their water-soluble parts. The sugar beet pulp and apple pomace fibers have no antioxidant properties.     

Preparation and characterisation of dietary fibre from sugar beet pulp

Dried sugar beet pulp was ground and washed with 95% ethanol in order to obtain a colourless and odourless product which could be used as dietary fibre after drying and sieving. Sugar beet fibre had the same chemical composition as the initial pulp: 26–32% of hemicelluloses, 22–24% cellulose, 21.5–23% uronic acids, ～1–2% lignin, ～7–8% protein, 7.5–12% ash and ～0.5% residual sucrose. The main physicochemical properties such as density, cation exchange capacity (～0.6 meq g^?1) and water holding capacity (24–32 g g^?1) were determined. The water holding capacity of sugar beet fibre was only slightly affected by pH and ionic strength (adjusted by NaCl or CaCl₂) but it held less water in the H⁺ form than in the salt form, Na⁺ or Ca²⁺.     

甜菜粕开发利用研究进展

甜菜粕是甜菜制糖工业中的主要副产品。我国甜菜粕资源丰富,但在实际生产中大部分未能科学合理利用。就甜菜粕的营养特性、深加工开发利用途径以及在畜牧业生产中应用效果等问题进行了综述。     

Pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn: 2. Effects on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics in lactating dairy cows

The effects of increasing concentrations of dried, pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics were evaluated using eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Cows were 79 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD) d in milk at the beginning of the experiment. Experimental diets with 40% forage (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 60% concentrate contained 0, 6.1, 12.1, or 24.3% beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on a dry matter basis. Diet concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch were 24.3 and 34.6% (0% beet pulp), 26.2 and 30.5% (6% beet pulp), 28.0 and 26.5% (12% beet pulp), and 31.6 and 18.4% (24% beet pulp), respectively. Ruminal dry matter pool decreased and NDF turnover rate increased as dietary beet pulp content increased. Potentially digestible NDF was digested more extensively and at a faster rate in the rumen with increasing beet pulp, resulting in increased total tract NDF digestibility. Passage rates of potentially digestible NDF and of indigestible NDF were not affected by treatment. True ruminal digestibility of starch decreased with increasing beet pulp substitution. This was caused by a linear increase in starch passage rate, possibly because of increasing ruminal fill, and a linear decrease in digestion rate of starch in the rumen, possibly because of reduced amylolytic enzyme activity for lower-starch diets. Although true ruminal starch digestibility decreased when more beet pulp was fed, whole tract starch digestibility was not affected because of compensatory digestion of starch in the intestines. Due to more thorough digestion of fiber in diets containing more beet pulp, whole-tract digestibility of organic matter increased linearly, and intake of digestible organic matter was not affected. Partially replacing high-moisture corn with beet pulp in low-forage diets increased fiber digestibility without reducing whole-tract starch digestibility.     

Molecular Characterization and Quantification of Saponins from Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. altissima)

Consumer demand for sustainably and ecologically produced food has grown in recent years. However, for numerous reasons, this demand has not always been met. New solutions are still being sought, particularly in the area of emulsifiers, an integral ingredient of many food products. The biggest challenge is the limited scope of application offered by current alternatives. While some progress has been made using foam active quillaja saponins, they are neither pleasant-tasting nor sustainably produced. Only very little is known about other alternatives, and especially the behavior of saponins, particularly on a molecular level, is not very well understood. Moreover, it is often not known which parts of a plant contain the highest levels of saponins and are therefore most suitable for extraction. To expand the current level of knowledge about emulsifying and foam active extracts, saponin extracts were made from oat bran, beetroot as well as sugar beet and characterized in close cooperation with the Department of Food Physics and Meat Science at the University of Hohenheim. Measurements conducted on these extracts showed that foam activity is a good indicator of their emulsifying ability. The most promising one - sugar beet extract - was examined in more detail using taste dilution analysis, which revealed saponin fractions with a slight off-taste and high foam activity. A series of eight saponins was obtained from these fractions and further characterized, together with three commercially available ones that were identified using non-targeted screening. The unequivocal identification and structure elucidation was performed using a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For most substances, this was the first time that a complete assignment of ¹H and ¹³C NMR signals had been made. All of these saponins possess taste recognition values above 1000 μmol/L, which is higher than most values for the taste- active saponins reported in the literature. The foam activity of these substances was measured using a self-developed small-scale foam activity assay. It was measured for different concentrations of saponins in a buffer solution. The foam activity of numerous other saponins was also determined, resulting in the most comprehensive overview of the foam activities of individual saponins. In addition to these isolation and characterization activities, an LC-MS/MS method of performing simultaneous quantitative analyses of all the obtained sugar beet saponins was developed and validated. These were quantified in several sugar beet varieties (root and leaves), different sugar beet compartments, and side streams originating during the sugar beet converting process. Great variations in mass fractions were found in these materials, ranging from 862 mg/kg to 2,452 mg/kg for the various sugar beet root varieties and from 907 mg/kg to 5,398 mg/kg for the sugar beet leave varieties. Sugar beet fiber was identified as the best saponin source, with a total saponin quantity of 12.7 g/kg, followed by dried sugar beet pulp, with a total quantity of 10.3 g/kg. As a by-product stream, dried sugar beet pulp is highly suitable for the sustainable manufacture of saponins. The results obtained are of key significance to the utilization of sugar beet saponins as well as saponins extracted from other plant materials or by-product streams for use as food additives.     

出口甜菜颗粒粕理化指标现状的探讨

测定了55个来自不同产区,不同年度的甜菜颗粒粕样品的水分,糖分,灰分,蛋白质,粗纤维和脂肪含量,通过对测定结果分析,发现水分和糖分是阻碍甜菜颗粒粕出口的主要理化指标,应该严格控制,而灰分,蛋白质,粗纤维和脂肪含量对甜菜颗粒粕出口不构成障碍。