四旋翼飞行器控制系统设计

四旋翼飞行器姿态控制是四旋翼飞行器控制系统的核心. 通过分析四旋翼飞行器的飞行原理,模型建立,设计了四旋翼飞行器的姿态控制系统;在该系统中采用STM32系列处理器作为主控芯片,MPU6050三轴加速度集和三轴陀螺仪惯性测量单元、磁力计等传感器用于姿态信息检测. 本文中传感器使用结构简单的数字接口对数据进行交换,运用模块化的思想对系统进行设计. 使用PID控制算法进行姿态角的闭环控制,最终实验结果表明,在实验平台上四旋翼飞行器飞行效果稳定,系统满足四旋翼飞行器飞行姿态控制的要求.     

语音控制的四旋翼飞行器设计与实现

基于语音识别技术,设计了一套语音远程控制四旋翼飞行器的系统。使用LD3320语音处理芯片和STM32微处理器实现语音识别功能,采用NRF24L01将识别结果传输到飞行器。选用STM32作为四旋翼飞行器的主控芯片,采用六轴运动组件MPU6050、三轴数字罗盘HMC5583L等传感器对飞行器的姿态进行实时测量,再利用数字滤波器对姿态信息进行处理,然后采用四元数进行姿态解算,最后运用双闭环PID控制算法实现姿态控制的要求。测试结果表明,通过语音可以控制四旋翼的正常飞行及姿态变化,系统稳定可靠。     

基于四旋翼飞行器的巡线机器人设计

本文设计一种巡线机器人,可以检测电缆以及塔杆状态。以四旋翼飞行器为载体,由主控模块MSP432单片机、飞行位置测量模块(光流传感器、激光测距)、飞行速度调节模块F-30A(飞盈佳乐)无刷电子调速器、飞行姿态调整模块MPU650三轴陀螺仪、视觉处理模块Open MV、无刷电机、电源七部分组成来实现巡线机器人功能。本设计还采用姿态双闭环PID控制算法、高度双闭环PID控制算法、速度多闭环控制对飞行器姿态数据进行处理,与此同时,解算出PWM增减量,进而使飞行器更稳定运行。飞行器电源采用集成开关稳压块给主控模块供电,使其更加稳定高效。     

基于MSP430单片机的四旋翼飞行器控制系统设计

四旋翼飞行器是由4个带桨叶电机驱动并形成十字交叉结构的一种飞行器。本试验是以MSP430F149单片机为主控芯片,搭建四旋翼飞行器控制系统。以MPU-6050传感器获取飞行器的姿态信息,经过递推滤波算法,得到可靠的姿态数据,通过四元数融合算法,进行姿态解算,获得四旋翼飞行器的姿态角,然后借助PID控制算法,消除四旋翼飞行器在飞行过程中不可预测的误差,最后,以PWM波的形式控制无刷直流电机,实现四旋翼飞行器的自平稳控制。本试验完成了四旋翼飞行器的自平稳控制系统,能够基本实现四旋翼飞行器的平稳起飞与降落。     

基于STM32的四旋翼飞行器控制系统设计

四旋翼飞行器控制系统的性能决定了飞行效果的优劣,如何改善飞行控制系统使其拥有更良好的表现成为近几年的研究热点。根据四旋翼飞行器的飞行原理,设计了一种新型四旋翼飞行器控制系统。该系统以STM32作为主控制器,配合各姿态传感器实现飞行器姿态及位置的控制,并结合以姿态角为主要误差源的双环结构PID控制器,提高了飞行器的平稳性。经实际飞行验证,该飞行控制系统方案能够取得较稳定的飞行效果。     

四旋翼无人飞行器实验平台设计及姿态控制研究

为了实现四旋翼无人飞行器姿态的稳定控制并验证控制算法的性能,设计了一种可用于四旋翼无人飞行器姿态控制算法研究及控制性能测试的物理实验平台;首先,利用牛顿-欧拉法建立了四旋翼无人飞行器的六自由度动力学模型;其次,对姿态传感器数据进行融合,利用互补滤波算法实现对四旋翼飞行器姿态进行快速准确解算;然后,在MATLAB环境下搭建了四旋翼飞行器仿真模型,并设计改进的PID控制器对飞行姿态进行了仿真;最后,搭建了一个四旋翼无人飞行器姿态控制的物理实验平台,进行了飞行器姿态控制算法的性能测试;实验结果表明了四旋翼无人飞行器实验平台设计的合理性和正确性,是一种快速有效的飞行器姿态控制算法性能测试实验平台。     

基于瑞萨单片机的四旋翼自主飞行器设计

该四旋翼自主飞行器以瑞萨公司的R5F100LEA单片机为控制核心,包括飞行姿态处理模块,超声波测距模块,红外传感器循迹模块,电机驱动模块以及微处理器模块等.飞行姿态处理由MPU6050加速度计陀螺仪提供,保证飞行器平稳飞行.超声波测距模块和红外传感器循迹模块为飞行器提供导航参数使飞行器可以按照规定航线并以一定高度飞行.本设计中应用了PPM控制方法,PID算法,平滑滤波等,使飞行器实现在一定区域内一键式起飞,稳定飞行,精确降落.并且可以拾取物件,完成空投任务,最终精确降落并停机.     

瞳翼

"瞳翼"智能四轴飞行器是一款能够通过电脑、手机App以及GPS定点导航三种方式控制的可实时进行视频传输的航拍飞行器。飞行器主体是小型四旋翼飞行器,主要由飞行器姿态控制部分、无线传输部分以及控制端软件部分组成。本作品短距离可利用飞行器自身Wi Fi采用电脑和手机App重力感应控制飞行,具有较强的趣味性、娱乐性,是十分有发展前景的新型智能玩具。此外,远距离还可采用GPS导航定点飞行,从而可实现城市监测、林业监测、交通监测等,是现代无人机技术的有力补充。     

三轴惯性传感器ADIS16355在姿态检测中的应用

介绍了ADI公司的三轴惯性测量传感器ADIS16355的功能、结构和特点。基于STM32F103VB单片机设计了硬件电路,对该传感器数据进行采集,并利用无线数据传输模块把数据发送回计算机。使用该电路对四轴飞行器姿态进行检测,根据实验数据,利用两种不同的方法实现了飞行器姿态的估计。     

六轴旋翼碟形飞行器控制系统软件设计及仿真研究

采用了控制不同电机转速组合的方法,对六轴旋翼碟形飞行器进行姿态控制,使六轴旋翼碟形飞行器在不同姿态下飞行时具有较好的性能;为了实现六轴旋翼碟形飞行器的飞行控制,对飞行器的控制系统进行了初步的设计,并且给出了控制系统软件设计流程图;同时以ProtuesISIS软件为基础建立了六轴旋翼碟形飞行器控制系统的仿真模型,并进行了仿真,仿真结果显示该控制系统能够满足六轴旋翼碟形飞行器起飞、悬停及降落等控制姿态的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.