发泡法制备镁铝尖晶石空心球隔热材料

以粒度分别为0.6～0.9和0.5～0.6 mm的镁铝尖晶石空心球以及d50=2.38μm的Al2 O3微粉为主要原料,氧化铝溶胶为结合剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为发泡剂,十二醇和羧甲基纤维素钠为稳泡剂,采用发泡法制备镁铝尖晶石空心球隔热材料,主要研究了镁铝尖晶石空心球粒度级配和氧化铝溶胶加入量对烧后试样致密度、强度、烧后线收...     

组成和添加剂对镁铝尖晶石热膨胀性能的影响

研究了镁铝摩尔比为2：1、1：1和1：2的3种不同尖晶石组成，以确定其线性热膨胀性。不同的添加剂，即Cr2O3、TiO2和MgSO4以2％的量加入到所有组成中，并借助于膨胀研究，确定烧结产物的特性。富镁成分始终显示出较高的膨胀性，添加物没有显示出对任何组成有大的影响，与相分析研究结果相似。     

铁铝尖晶石加入量对镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能影响

为了研究铁铝尖晶石加入量对镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能影响,本实验以粒度为3~1 mm、1~0 mm、≤0.088 mm的97高纯镁砂和1~0 mm的电熔铁铝尖晶石为原料,讨论了铁铝尖晶石加入量分别为3%、6%、9%、12%和15%时镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能,利用XRD分析了试样的物相变化,采用SEM分析了烧后试样的微观结构。结果表明:铁铝尖晶石加入量为6%时,镁铁铝尖晶石砖有较高的体积密度和耐压强度以及较低的显气孔率,铁铝尖晶石加入量越多,镁铁铝尖晶石砖的荷重软化温度越低,铁铝尖晶石加入量3%~6%之间为宜。从显微结构照片中可以看出铁铝尖晶石周围生成的尖晶石环和环形裂纹,这是高温过程中部分铁铝尖晶石与方镁石发生离子交换反应所致,这种结构对镁铁铝尖晶石砖的结构柔韧性起着一定的作用。     

硅酸锆和铬铁矿添加物对MgO-镁铝尖晶石耐火材料性能的影响

用于钢铁和水泥行业的六种合成镁铝尖晶石基的耐火材料合成物,它们以纯氧化镁和氧化铝近似1：1的比例为基础,分别添加0．5％、1．0％和2．0％硅酸锆和2．0％、3．0％和5．0％铬铁矿,采用两段烧结工艺于1760℃下进行烧结。分别研究这些合成物组分对密度、化学和矿物相组成方面的影响。研究结果显示：伴随镁铝尖晶石的生成游离方镁石在所有试样中均有出现。在加入硅酸锆试样的样品中,有高熔点相CaZrO3形成,以提高其密度和耐火性能,但要限制铝酸钙和硅酸钙相的形成。在所有试样中,添加硅酸锆均使体积密度增加。在含有铬铁矿添加物的试样中,Cr^3＋和Fe^3＋进入尖晶石晶格中替代A^3＋离子,不仅加速尖晶石的形成,同时还增加晶体的密度和晶体间直接结合。随着铬铁矿加入量的增多,试样体积密度隧之增大。     

不同铁载体对镁铁铝尖晶石材料性能影响

分别以烧结铁铝尖晶石、电熔铁铝尖晶石、烧结镁铁砂及电熔镁铁砂为铁的载体,在控制试样化学组成接近前提下,按照镁铁铝尖晶石砖生产工艺制备镁铁铝尖晶石砖试样.检测试样的理化性能并采用XRD和SEM对试样的相组成和显微组织结构进行表征.结果表明:以两种镁铁砂为铁载体的试样体积密度高、显气孔率低、常温耐压强度大及热膨胀率小;以电熔铁铝尖晶石、电熔镁铁砂为铁载体的试样具有较高的荷重软化温度.以铁铝尖晶石为铁载体试样中,形成(Mg,Fe) Al2O4相,铁以Fe2+形式存在;以镁铁砂为铁载体试样中,形成Mg(Fe,Al)2O4相,铁以Fe3+形式存在;以烧结铁铝尖晶石、烧结镁铁砂为铁载体的试样显微结构中存在较多微气孔,以电熔铁铝尖晶石、电熔镁铁砂为铁载体的试样显微结构较为致密.     

发泡法制备镁铝尖晶石轻质耐火骨料

用发泡法制备镁铝尖晶石轻质耐火骨料,采用X射线衍射、阿基米德排水法、透射偏光显微镜分别研究了试样的晶相、气孔率和气孔形貌,并通过断面图法计算试样的孔径分布。试样气孔结构是由泡沫形成和泡沫稳定性所决定的。结果表明:以十二烷基苯磺酸纳为发泡剂,加入量为0.5%(质量分数),陶瓷料浆温度控制在10℃,可以制得气孔率为59.81%、气孔平均孔径为60μm且分布均匀的镁铝尖晶石轻质耐火骨料。     

富镁尖晶石细粉对镁铝浇注料性能的影响

含尖晶石的耐火材料广泛应用于冶金行业.本文研究了富镁尖晶石细粉加入量对镁铝浇注料显气孔率、抗折强度和抗渣性能的影响.通过对不同温度处理后试样的性能检测和试样抗渣性能的研究发现,镁铝浇注料中富镁尖晶石细粉的加入量有一个较佳的范围,在这个范围内,浇注料的相关性能较好.     

镁铝尖晶石原料及其产品的优化设计与使用

着重阐述了近年来有关合成镁铝尖晶石原料及其产品的优化设计原理和研究使用结果，简要介绍了尖晶石的潜在用途。     

Effect of hollow spheres on the properties of lightweight periclase-magnesium aluminate spinel refractories

This study presents new lightweight periclase-magnesium alumina spinel refractories for the working lining of cement rotary kilns in which magnesium alumina spinel hollow spheres are used to replace conventional dense fused magnesia-aluminate spinel aggregates. The effects of adding spinel hollow spheres on the physical properties, mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and slag resistance of the samples were explored. The results showed that compared with the sample prepared with dense aggregates, the sample prepared with hollow spheres had a 10.3% higher cold compressive strength, 44.1% higher modulus of rupture (MOR), and lower bulk density. Additionally, with increasing hollow spheres content, the thermal conductivity decreased from 3.79 W/(m·K) to 2.53 W/(m·K), and the high-temperature MOR increased from 2.82 to 4.09 MPa. The highest residual strength ratio was 90.73% (15 wt.% hollow spheres), which is 1.17 times that of the sample prepared without hollow spheres. Moreover, microstructure and energy dispersive spectroscopy of crucible specimens after corrosion by cement clinker showed that specimens with 15 wt.% hollow sphere additions had a better slag resistance. Introducing hollow spheres reduced the thermal conductivity of the refractories, providing a new strategy for improving the heat insulation performance of kiln linings.     

煤熔渣对镁铝尖晶石质耐火材料的侵蚀机制

为了实现水煤浆气化炉炉衬材料的无铬化,研究开发合适的耐火材料代替水煤浆气化炉用高铬砖,以尖晶石骨料及细粉、α-Al_2O_3微粉和轻烧Mg O微粉为原料,于1 600℃保温5 h烧成,制备了φ50 mm×40 mm、内孔为φ25 mm×25 mm的镁铝尖晶石质坩埚试样。采用静态坩埚法,借助XRD、SEM+EDS研究了高温煤熔渣对试样的侵蚀行为。结果表明:1)侵蚀后的镁铝尖晶石材料结构疏松,出现较明显的裂纹,煤熔渣完全渗入试样内部。2)经煤熔渣侵蚀后的镁铝尖晶石材料,物相组成发生变化,除原有的镁铝尖晶石外,还有新物相镁铁铝复合尖晶石相存在。3)煤熔渣对镁铝尖晶石材料的侵蚀机制是物理渗透为主,化学熔蚀为辅。     

Sintering behavior of magnesium aluminate spinel MgAl2O4 synthesized by different methods

This paper is focusing basically on the ceramic technology, of which several methods for the synthesis of MgAl₂O₄ have been investigated. The synthesis conditions regarding the powders cleanliness, microstructure, and sintering parameters of MgAl₂O₄ were studied. MgAl₂O₄ powder was synthesized via conventional solid-state route using different milling process: vertical attrition milling, WAB as a high-energy horizontal attrition milling, and Pulverisette as a planetary ball miller, and via solution combustion route using Urea, Glycine, and a mixture of Urea/Glycine. Urea and Glycine was used as fuel. The white powders were obtained for all solid-state routes and for Urea-combustion technique. The black and gray powders were obtained in the case of combustion technique, respectively, using a fuel of Glycine and Glycine/Urea mixture. The obtained powders and pellets were characterized by XRD, SEM, and Dilatometry. The results show that, among all the solid-state route processes, wet attrition milling gives the better and clean spinel phase. The WAB milling and Pulverisette miller introduce a contamination by some yttria-stabilized zirconia balls in the corresponding powder. Furthermore, the flash combustion technique permit to have nanoparticles with a dense spinel phase of MgAl₂O₄ and with lower sintering temperature in less time and with no calcination step.     

低品位菱镁矿与工业铝灰制备镁铝尖晶石

以低品位菱镁矿与工业铝灰为原料制备镁铝尖晶石材料。分析讨论了不同煅烧温度对工业铝灰材料组成与微观结构的影响,并进一步研究了煅烧温度对制备镁铝尖晶石材料的组成、镁铝尖晶石相晶胞常数及材料微观结构的影响。用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对煅烧后试样的物相和显微结构进行研究。利用X′ pert plus软件对试样中主晶相的晶格常数进行计算,比较不同温度煅烧试样的相对结晶度。结果表明：随着工业铝灰煅烧温度的升高,材料中主晶相六方晶型的刚玉相晶胞常数呈现各向异性的变化趋势。低品位菱镁矿与工业铝灰经1 400 ℃高温煅烧可以制备出以镁铝尖晶石为主晶相的镁铝尖晶石材料,该温度煅烧的镁铝尖晶石材料晶粒相对均匀、结构相对致密,主晶相镁铝尖晶石相晶格常数最大。     

Effect of micro-sized MgCO3 addition on properties of MgAl2O4 spinel containing castables

Micro-sized MgCO₃ was used in castables as the MgO-precursor for generating sub-micro sized MgO and for producing subsequent in-situ magnesium aluminate (MgAl₂O₄, MA) spinel. The influence of 0–2.0 wt% micro-sized MgCO₃ addition on the volumetric stability and thermo-mechanical properties of castables after firing at 1000 °C and 1550 °C was investigated. The in-situ spinel formation and its influence on the microstructure evolution in castable matrices with different micro-sized MgCO₃ contents after heat-treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The dependence of the volume stability and thermo-mechanical properties of castables on the micro-sized MgCO₃ addition was discussed with respect to the in-situ spinel formation.     

高导热绝缘材料的研究进展

主要介绍了高导热绝缘材料的应用以及导热填料对高导热绝缘材料性能的影响因素。重点介绍了填料种类、尺寸、表面处理和加入量对于导热绝缘高聚物性能的影响,并分析了高导热绝缘材料的未来研究方向。     

Effect of Yb2O3 and TiO2 on reaction sintering and properties of magnesium aluminate spinel

Magnesium aluminate spinel with an initial MgO: Al₂O₃ molar ratio of 2:1 was prepared from its constituent oxides through a solid-state sintering process at temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1700 °C in a normal air atmosphere. The effect of varying amount (0.25–1.0 wt%) of TiO₂ and Yb₂O₃ on densification, phase assemblage, mechanical, thermo-mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesia-rich spinel were investigated under static heating condition. The addition of TiO₂ and Yb₂O₃ favours the densification of magnesia-rich spinel, which is discernible up to 1650 °C. This beneficial effect may be attributed to the development of the secondary phase and formation of solid solution due to the dissolution of the additive ions in the spinel structure. A marginal increase in the average grain size of the samples along with a narrower grain size distribution occurred with the incorporation of both the additives. Both the additives improved the mechanical properties of the magnesia-rich spinel; however, better room temperature flexural strength was achieved with Yb₂O₃ as compared to TiO₂ addition. For the samples sintered at 1550 °C, 1.0 wt% Yb₂O₃ addition resulted in 30% increase in flexural strength; however, same amount of TiO₂ addition increased the strength by 20%. In case of thermal shock resistance, 1.0 wt% TiO₂ and 0.25 wt% Yb₂O₃ addition demonstrated promising result among all the samples.     

The effect of synthesis conditions on the physicochemical properties of magnesium aluminate materials

Magnesium aluminate-based materials were prepared by applying different methods: (i) mechanochemical milling of the initial mixture of magnesium and aluminium nitrate powders (in appropriate stoichiometric amounts) followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 650 °C and 850 °C and (ii) melting of the mixture of nitrate precursors at 240 °C followed by thermal treatment at 650 °C, 750 °C and 850 °C. The effect of synthesis method on the structure and morphology of the obtained solids was studied by using various techniques such as: nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, powder XRD, IR spectroscopy and SEM. It was shown that the mechanochemical milling performed before calcination procedure leads to obtaining of nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel phase at lower temperature of 650 °C in comparison with the method using thermal treatment only (at 750 °C). The obtained nanomaterials exhibit mesoporous structure.     

钛酸铝质空心球隔热制品的制备

以钛酸铝-莫来石-镁铝尖晶石质空心球(直径分别为1、2、3 mm的大、中、小球)为主要原料,加入与空心球成分相同的填充细粉以及不同种类的结合剂,经可塑成型,再经高温烧成后制备了钛酸铝质空心球隔热制品,并研究了结合剂类型(分别为Al2(SO4)3、PVA以及PVA与Al2(SO4)3按1:1质量比组成的复合结合剂)、烧成温度(分别为1 400、1 450、1 500、1 550、1 600℃保温1 h)、填充细粉加入量(质量分数,分别为10%、15%、20%、25%)以及空心球粒度配比(大、中、小球的质量比分别为2:4:4、3:4:3和4:4:2)对隔热制品性能的影响。结果表明:在大、中、小球的质量比为3:4:3,加入填充细粉的质量分数为20%,以及加入5%(质量分数)的PVA+Al2(SO4)3复合结合剂的条件下,采用可塑成型,经1 500℃1 h处理后,可以得到热导率为0.126 W.m-1.K-1,体积密度为1.27 g.cm-3,常温耐压强度为6.43 MPa的钛酸铝质空心球隔热砖试样。     

Effect of Eu2O3 on sintering densification and corrosion resistance of magnesium aluminate spinel

The effect of the doping amount of Eu₂O₃ on the densification behaviour of magnesium aluminate spinel (MAS) and its corrosion resistance to aluminium electrolyte were studied. The relative density, phase composition, micro morphology and hardness of the sintered samples were characterised by Archimedes’ drainage method, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and automatic micro Vickers hardness tester. Results showed that the doping of Eu₂O₃ was conducive to the densification of MgAl₂O₄. When the content of Eu₂O₃ was 3 wt.%, the relative density of MAS was the largest (99.32%), the microstructure was more compact and the hardness was the largest (2293.4 kgf/mm²). The MAS sample with 3 wt.% Eu₂O₃ had the best corrosion resistance to aluminium electrolyte, and the corrosion depth was 80.99 μm. It was speculated that the electrolyte may penetrate into the sample through the micropores, and the fluoride salt chemically reacted with MgAl₂O₄ to form Al₂O₃, NaF and MgF₂.