一种自适应无线局域网协议

研究了无线局域网IEEE802.11协议的DCF(distributed coordination function)接入方式,在建模基础上进行算法改进,提出了一种新的节点自适应链路碰撞的退避算法NSAD(new self-adaptive DCF algorithm).大量的仿真实验表明,所提出的算法在吞吐量、公平性、丢包等方面较原DCF协议都有显著提高.     

无线局域网中的自适应节能机制

为节省能量,无线局域网标准IEEE 802．11在分布式协调功能（DCF）的基础上定义了节能机制PSM,但该机制在重负载情况下性能严重劣化,为提高该机制在重负载情况下的性能,该文对现有PSM进行研究分析后提出自适应调整接入概率的PSM＋和fairPSM＋．仿真结果表明PSM＋和fairPSM＋在轻负载下性能与PSM相当,而在重负载下较大地提高了吞吐量及能量有效性．fairPSM＋在PSM＋的基础之上考虑了系统的稳定性和公平性,因此具有最好的性能.     

IEEE 802.11的DCF机制媒介接入延时分析与仿真*

在改进的马尔可夫模型的基础上引入Z变换,分析了802.11的DCF机制 MAC延时性能,研究了从非饱和到饱和信道状态的延时性能。通过MATLAB数值分析和OPENT 10.0网络仿真,基于马尔可夫模型的MAC延时分析能够与网络仿真的MAC延时很好地吻合,验证了分析模型在预测媒介接入延时方面的有效性,为无线分布式系统的进一步设计提供理论依据和数据参考。     

802.11a WLAN系统的帧同步检测方法

提出了一种适用于IEEE 802．11a WLAN（Wireless LAN,无线局域网）系统的帧检测时域同步技术,在使用门限机制的延时相关帧检测的基础上,利用短训练符号的互相关信息共同来完成802．11a帧的同步检测。     

基于PCF的无线局域网接入时延可控系统研究

目前无线局域网(WLAN)中使用最广的是IEEE 802.11协议,该协议定义了两种信道访问机制:分布式协调功能(DCF)和点协调功能(PCF).其中,DCF采用基于竞争的信道访问机制,因此,多个连有传感器的站点采集数据在信道中传输就会出现碰撞和时延不可控的问题;而PCF采用轮询的方式来提供一种非竞争的访问机制,很好地解决时延不可控制的问题.针对这种情况,提出采用集中控制协议完成PCF访问机制,协议中定义超帧结构并将超帧划分为多个时隙,以此实现无竞争的信道访问机制.实验结果表明:整个网络中传感器采集数据最大接入时延控制在90 ms以内.     

基于IEEE802.11 DCF的QoS机制综述

分布式协调功能（DCF）采用有冲突避免的载波侦听多路访问（CSMA/CA,Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance）方式访问共享无线媒体,是IEEE802.11媒体访问控制协议的基础。然而,在活动节点数目较大的环境下,这种机制容易造成性能恶化,且难以提供实时业务的服务质量（QoS）保证。概述了IEEE802.11的DCF机制及其性能分析方法,重点剖析了当前基于DCF的各种QoS机制,讨论了它们各自的优缺点,最后得出了优化DCF的一些有益的结论。     

Modelling and performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11 DCF for real-time control

Popular wireless networks, such as IEEE 802.11/15/16, are not designed for real-time applications. Thus, supporting real-time quality of service (QoS) in wireless real-time control is challenging. This paper adopts the widely used IEEE 802.11, with the focus on its distributed coordination function (DCF), for soft-real-time control systems. The concept of the critical real-time traffic condition is introduced to characterize the marginal satisfaction of real-time requirements. Then, mathematical models are developed to describe the dynamics of DCF based real-time control networks with periodic traffic, a unique feature of control systems. Performance indices such as throughput and packet delay are evaluated using the developed models, particularly under the critical real-time traffic condition. Finally, the proposed modelling is applied to traffic rate control for cross-layer networked control system design.     

基于分组到达率的802.11 DCF性能分析

针对WLAN(wireless local area network)基础结构模式中的IEEE 802.11 DCF(distributed coordination function)机制,提出了一种基于分组到达率的性能分析模型.模型不仅考虑了终端数量、传输负载、二进制指数回退机制等因素,而且分析了MAC(mediunl access control)层有限队列对系统性能的影响.在每个终端被模型化为M/M/1/K队列的基础上,进一步利用虚拟时隙在时间上离散化终端MAC层队列状态,并采用离散时间的三维马尔可夫链对系统性能建模.基于该模型得到了归一化吞吐量、分组时延和丢包率.仿真分析结果表明,该模型能够有效地预测变化的分组到达率情形下DCF机制的性能.     

一种利用信道侦听的IEEE 802.11自适应优化算法

提出一种适用于DCF(distributed coordination function)机制的自适应优化算法.该算法基于网络节点侦听信道得到的网络状态信息进行相关参数的自适应调整以获得最优的网络性能,称为CSB(channel sensing backoff)算法.算法采用了对节点的信道接入请求以概率参数P_T进行过滤的方法控制节点竞争接入信道的激烈程度.不同于已有的DCF机制优化方法,CSB算法的特点在于,在优化调整过程中不需要进行计算复杂的网络节点数量估计,并且可以在不同网络状态下始终围绕确定的优化目标进行参数优化调整.仿真实验结果表明,算法能够针对网络节点数量和分组大小改变等网络状态变化作出自适应的网络优化调整,并获得了系统吞吐量、碰撞概率、延迟、延迟抖动、公平性等多方面的性能改善.     

一种基于802.11e动态自适应调整竞争窗口的算法*

为了进一步改善高负载状况下服务质量的性能,在原有的IEEE 802.11e 增强型分布式协调功能的基础上,本文提出了一种基于竞争窗口动态自适应调整的算法。该算法首先采用时隙利用率因子估计网络当前负载状况,然后在不同优先级下根据时隙利用率动态调整竞争窗口,降低了信道接入的竞争,提高了网络的性能。仿真实验表明,该算法在保证实时业务要求的同时,能够有效降低时延,显著提高无线局域网的吞吐量。     

改进的非理想信道IEEE802.11DCF性能分析模型

为了提高分析的精确性,考虑发送成功的站点可能连续发送和重传次数限制的影响,给出了分析非理想信道下IEEE 802.11 DCF性能的改进二维马尔可夫链模型,用该模型对IEEE 802.11 DCF访问机制进行分析,求出饱和吞吐量和平均帧时延表达式。并通过仿真加以验证。     

无线网络中分布式协调功能的改进

文中提出了一种简单而有效的方法动态的估计无线网络中的活动节点数,并根据估计出的活动节点数调整MAC层的初始竞争窗口大小,从而降低冲突概率,提高吞吐率性能。而且,该方法没有增加任何控制开销。仿真结果表明,改进后的IEEE 802．11分布式协调功能机制的性能有明显改善。     

Nonsaturation throughput enhancement of IEEE 802.11b distributed coordination function for heterogeneous traffic under noisy environment

In this paper, we propose a mechanism named modified backoff (MB) mechanism to decrease the channel idle time in IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In the noisy channel, when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, applying this mechanism in DCF greatly improves the throughput and lowers the channel idle time. This paper presents an analytical model for the performance study of IEEE 802.11 MB-DCF for nonsaturated heterogeneous traffic in the presence of transmission errors. First, we introduce the MB-DCF and compare its performance to IEEE 802.11 DCF with binary exponential backoff (BEB). The IEEE 802.11 DCF with BEB mechanism suffers from more channel idle time under low SNR. The MB-DCF ensures high throughput and low packet delay by reducing the channel idle time under the low traffic in the network. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no previous works that enhance the performance of the DCF under imperfect wireless channel. We show through analysis that the proposed mechanism greatly outperforms the original IEEE 802.11 DCF in the imperfect channel condition. The effectiveness of physical and link layer parameters on throughput performance is explored. We also present a throughput investigation of the heterogeneous traffic for different radio conditions.     

IEEE 802.11无线局域网的TCP性能分析和改进

在分析IEEE 802.11无线局域网媒体接入控制（MAC）协议和传输控制协议（TCP）性能的基础上,提出了改进的MAC协议：BDCF.IEEE 802.11分布式协调功能（DCF）只支持前向数据传输,即数据帧只能由发送方传送到接收方.BDCF利用IEEE 802.11点协调功能（PCF）提供的数据帧格式,可以实现信息的双向传输,即收发双方相互交换数据帧.因此BDCF更适合传输面向连接的TCP业务.BDCF与IEEE 802.11完全兼容.仿真结果表明：BDCF可以提高网络吞吐量和降低数据帧的时延,理论分析结果基本准确.     

一种基于IEEE802.11的无线自组网MAC协议

基于IEEE802.11DCF提出了一种应用于无线自组网的媒质接入控制协议，该协议包括网络适应性退避算法和拥塞反馈两个关键机制。协议的主要思想是根据节点周围实际竞争状况和网络拥塞情况进行包调度。仿真结果表明，提出的机制有效地降低了平均端到端时延和数据丢包率,提高了信道接入公平性。     

分布式无线网络动态资源预留MAC机制

基于分布式无线网络,提出可以支持话音、数据同传的动态资源预留接入控制协议(DDFRMA),并建立数学模型,分析话音分组传输时节点数与丢包率的关系。通过仿真得出不同条件下所能允许的最大通话数目,并与CSMA/CA接入机制进行比较。仿真结果表明,该协议可以有效支持分布式网络中的话音传输,提高接入机制的话音容量。     

一种移动自组网中简单高效的广播算法

全网范围的广播在移动自组网中有着相当广泛的应用.基于计数器的广播算法非常适合于高速移动的网络环境.在基于计数器的广播算法的基础上提出了一种简单高效的广播算法--CBB+.理论分析和大量仿真结果表明,CBB+算法相对于原基于计数器的广播算法而言,广播的达到率有着较大的提高,并且能够减少再广播分组的发送数量,降低了广播时延.     

基于跳数的WSN自适应链路层差错控制策略

本文提出一种用于无线传感器网络数据传输的数据链路层自适应差错控制策略,以提高无线传感器网络通信可靠性。在无线传感器网络中,主要分析传感器节点发送的数据帧,以及各种信道可靠性。由于链路层数据帧所经历的跳数不同,它们的重要性有所不同,因此我们提出一种基于链路层数据帧所经历跳数自适应差错控制策略(AECM),该策略建立了跳数与差错控制方案之间的相互对应关系。数学分析表明,该策略在提高无线传感器网络数据通信整体效率的同时保持高能效。     

Performance Analysis of CSMA/CA Protocol for High-speed Wireless LANs

In this paper, we present an exact analysis to numerically evaluate the performance of the multiple random access method with non-persistent carrier sense multiple access with collision-avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol for high-speed and realizing fully-distributed wireless LANs. The collision-avoidance portion of CSMA/CA in this model is performed with a random pulse transmission procedure, in which a user with a packet ready to transmit initially sends some pulse signals with random intervals within a collision-avoidance period before transmitting the packet to verify a clear channel. The system model consists of a finite number of users to efficiently share a common channel. The time axis is slotted, and a time frame has a large number of slots and includes two parts: the collision-avoidance period and the packet-transmission period. A discrete-time Markov process is used to model the system operation. The number of slots in a frame can be arbitrary, dependent on the chosen lengths of the collision-avoidance period and packet-transmission period. The influence of possible length of the collision-avoidance period and packet-transmission period, and pulse transmission probabilities on the network performance are discussed, based on the results of the utilization of channel and average packet delay for the different packet generation rate.     

Throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11 multirate WLANs with collision aware rate adaptation algorithm

This paper presents a mathematical model that analyzes the throughput of the IEEE 802.11b distributed coordination function (DCF) with the collision aware rate adaptation (CARA) algorithm. IEEE 802.11 WLANs provide multiple transmission rates to improve system throughput by adapting the transmission rate to the current channel conditions. The system throughput is determined by some stations using low transmission rates due to bad channel conditions. CARA algorithm does not disturb the existing IEEE 802.11b formats and it can be easily incorporated into the commercial wireless local area networks (WLAN) devices. Finally, we verify our findings with simulation.