含烷基噻吩与三嗪π-共轭聚合物的合成及性能

以二价镍配合物(Ni(dppp)Cl2)作为催化剂,2-二异丙基氨基-4,6-二氯均三嗪分别与3-丁基-2,5-二溴噻吩格氏(Grignard)试剂、3-辛基2,5-二溴噻吩格氏试剂、3-十二烷基-2,5-二溴噻吩格氏试剂交替共聚合成了3种含2-二异丙基氨基均三嗪的聚合物P1,P2和P3。并经傅里叶变换红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、循环伏安、X射线粉末衍射和凝胶渗透色谱等测试手段对其进行了表征,对聚合物P1在CHCl3溶液中的酸致变色行为进行了研究。结果表明,得到的聚合物在甲苯、氯仿、四氢呋喃(THF)等有机溶剂中溶解性好,3种聚合物的紫外-可见最大吸收波长在372 nm处出现,在CHCl3溶液中聚合物P1,P2,P3最大发射峰分别位于478 nm,549 nm和523 nm。聚合物均在-1.8~0 V出现n-掺杂峰。通过X射线衍射测试聚合物均有一定结晶性但结晶性较差。     

两亲聚合物的合成及其在聚偏氟乙烯膜改性中的应用

利用异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)和乙二醇(EG)合成了一种新型的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯大分子单体,并进一步与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合,制备了一种既含有相对疏水链段、又含有相对亲水链段的两亲聚合物.最终产物添加到聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)原材料中通过L-S相转化法制得聚合物分离膜.通过FT-IR表征了大分子单体的结构,GPC测定了两亲聚合物的分子量;通过纯水渗透通量、对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的截留率、接触角测定和耐污染性实验表征了超滤膜的性能.实验表明,两亲聚合物占聚合物质量分数的5%时,膜的纯水渗透通量由23.4 L/(m2.h)提高到78 L/(m2.h),而截留性能基本保持不变.在两亲聚合物质量分数从0~15%变化范围内,接触角由79°降至62°.膜通量衰减实验表明改性后膜的耐污染性得到提高.     

聚离子液体的合成及其在吸附分离领域中的应用 研究进展

聚离子液体(PILs)能结合离子液体与聚合物的优点,兼具优异的机械稳定性、加工性、离子导电性和化学相容性等,近年来受到学术界的广泛关注.介绍了聚离子液体的分类及合成方法,综述了聚离子液体在吸附分离领域的应用,并对聚离子液体的发展进行了展望.未来有关聚离子液体的研究中,化学结构与性能之间的构效关系、新型聚离子液体的合成及其应用将是聚离子液体的重要发展方向.     

PEDOT/PSS的合成及在抗静电涂料中的应用

利用过硫酸铵为氧化剂通过化学氧化法合成了聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)/聚对苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT/PSS)。红外光谱证明了PEDOT/PSS的合成。研究了PSS、过硫酸铵的用量,理论固含量的大小对PEDOT/PSS的导电性能及粒径的影响。发现化学氧化法制备PEDOT/PSS较佳的反应条件:PSS中磺酸基与单体的摩尔比为2∶1;过硫酸铵与单体的摩尔比为1.5∶1;固含量范围为2.8%~4.2%。分析了PEDOT/PSS胶粒形成的机理。并用PEDOT/PSS配制成抗静电涂料,在聚丙烯(PP),聚对苯二甲酸二醇酯(APET),聚苯乙烯(PS)基材上涂布测得表面电阻。表面电阻范围为107Ω~108Ω,具有良好的透明性与附着力。     

单原子催化剂的合成及在环境治理中的研究进展

在污染日趋严重的今天,环境催化技术愈发重要。催化剂催化性能与其活性位点息息相关,传统纳米催化剂因原子间堆叠导致有效活性位点不足。近年来,具有单位点、100%原子利用率及特殊电子结构的单原子催化剂(SACs)受到广泛关注,有望提高反应催化效率。总结了SACs的合成策略,梳理了其近年来在CO₂还原、CH₄部分氧化及有机物降解等环境领域的应用,并对其未来发展进行展望。     

超支化聚(胺-酯)的合成及在皮革中的应用

以三羟甲基丙烷为中心核分子,N,N-二羟乙基-3-胺基丙酸甲酯为合成单体,在对甲苯磺酸催化下,采用一步法合成了一系列新型超支化聚(胺-酯)复鞣剂(G1、G2和G3),并用红外(IR)光谱、核磁共振(1H-NMR)和羟值测定对其结构进行了表征,结果表明,合成的超支化聚(胺-酯)化学结构与设计的分子结构一致。将其用作皮革复鞣剂,相对传统复鞣剂的复鞣效果,经超支化聚(胺-酯)复鞣后的皮革在抗裂强度和透气性等方面的性能都有明显的提高,且随着代数的增加,效果更加明显。     

有机-无机离子纳米粒子的合成及在聚合物中的应用研究进展

有机-无机离子纳米粒子在无溶剂的条件下具备类似于液体的流动性、导电性能和耐热性能好、粒子自组装有序排列、呈现单分散核-壳粒子、结构稳定及具有绿色环保性等优点,能在纳米材料领域广泛应用。重点介绍了有机-无机离子纳米粒子的制备方法、分类、原理及在高分子复合材料领域的应用前景,并指出其在实际应用中遇到的瓶颈。     

一维SnO2的合成及在触点材料中的应用研究进展

SnO₂是O=Sn=O结构,是一种n型、宽带隙(3.6 eV)半导体氧化物,因其独特的的电子、光学和热性能,而引起广泛关注。近年来,研究者制备了1D SnO₂材料,如纳米棒、纳米管、纳米带、纳米线、纳米纤维、纳米晶须等纳米结构。采用热蒸发、溶胶凝胶法、微乳液法、水热法、化学气相沉积、静电纺丝、脉冲激光沉积和光刻等方法合成1D SnO₂纳米结构,已成为介观物理和纳米器件的研究热点。本文对1D SnO₂纳米结构的合成技术和生长机制的相关文献进行了调查,对1D SnO₂形貌在Ag基电接触材料中的应用进行了综述。提出一维完美单晶材料是制备高性能电接触材料的发展方向。     

Textural and chemical properties of zinc chloride activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shells

The effects of activation temperature on the textural and chemical properties of the activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shells using zinc chloride activation under both inert nitrogen gas atmosphere and vacuum condition were studied. Relatively low temperature of 400 °C was beneficial for the development of pore structures. Too high an activation temperature would lead to sintering of volatiles and shrinkage of the carbon structure. The microstructures and microcrystallinity of the activated carbons prepared were examined by scanning electron microscope and powder X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively, while Fourier transform infrared spectra determined the changes in the surface functional groups at the various stages of preparation.     

纤维素及其在聚合物中的应用研究进展

综述了近几年来国内外在微晶纤维素和纳米纤维素的制备方法、预处理方法及其在高分子材料中的应用研究进展;讨论了影响微晶纤维素和纳米纤维素结构的工艺因素以及聚合物基纤维素材料的结构与性能的关系。     

生物质水热合成炭微球研究进展

生物质廉价易得且可再生,经水热法制备的炭微球表面含有丰富的化学官能团,可应用于吸附催化等众多领域.文中详细介绍了生物质水热合成炭微球的反应机理,综述了近年来国内外在该领域的最新研究进展,展望了其应用前景.     

New chiral liquid crystalline monomers, polymers, and elastomers derived from menthol derivatives: synthesis and mesomorphism

To investigate liquid crystalline properties and structure relationships of chiral compounds based on menthol, a series of new chiral monomers derived from menthol derivatives, a mesogenic crosslinking agent, the corresponding side chain homopolymers with siloxane backbone, and cholesteric elastomers were synthesized. The structures and purity of these chiral compounds obtained in this study were characterized using FTIR, ¹H NMR, and elemental analyses. The mesomorphism and thermal stabilities were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The selective reflection of light for the chiral monomers was studied with UV/visible/near IR. The effect of the crosslinking agent content on the phase transition temperatures of the elastomers was discussed. It was found that these chiral monomers seemed beneficial for the formation of the mesophases when a flexible spacer was inserted between the mesogenic core and the terminal menthyl groups. All obtained chiral monomers showed a cholesteric phase, chiral smectic C phase, and cubic blue phase. The crosslinking agent exhibited a smectic A (S_A) phase and nematic phase. However, their corresponding homopolymers with siloxane chains tended to form a lower order S_A phase. With an increase of the mesogenic rigidity, the melting temperatures, glass transition temperatures (T _g), and isotropic temperatures (T _i) of chiral monomers or homopolymers all increased. For the elastomers, general tendency was toward increased T _g and T _i with increasing the crosslinking agent content.     

A nanocrystalline hematite film prepared from iron(III) chloride precursor

This paper deals with a simple and low-cost method developed to deposit hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) layers on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO/F:SnO₂) substrate by thermal decomposition of solid iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃⋅ 6H₂O). Deposition procedure takes place through chemical intermediate iron(III) oxide chloride (FeOCl) film. A crucial influence of atmosphere dynamics involved in the calcination process of FeOCl has been observed. As-deposited films were characterized by means of Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS), Grazing Angle X-Ray Diffractometry (GAXRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Final nanocrystalline hematite film with a cactus-field-like design consists of 20 nm thick porous crystal plates. A process of hematite doping by tin atoms from substrate coating is also discussed.     

Plasma polymers prepared by RF sputtering of polyethylene

Hydrocarbon plasma polymer thin films were deposited by means of magnetron sputtering of polyethylene (PE) using Ar as the working gas. AFM, ESCA, FTIR techniques were applied to investigate the films properties and composition. The films sputtered at Radio frequency (RF) power up to 100 W have a plasma polymer structure whereas further increase of RF power results in hydrocarbon plasma polymers more resembling conventional PE.     

Dynamic structurization in solutions of hydrodynamically active polymers

It has been established experimentally that, under the condition of elongational flows, dynamic structurization and periodic processes may originate in the solutions of flexible polymers due to self-regulation in these systems.Makeevka Engineering-Construction Institute, Donetsk Commercial Institute, the Ukraine. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 147–150, August, 1992.     

金属-有机络合聚合物(MOCPs)的研究进展

从配体的角度对中心离子与多齿配体间形成的稳定多孔金属-有机络合聚合物(MOCPs)的发展现状进行了综述.指出该材料自成为研究热点以来,各研究小组在对不同的构件分子进行组合构建新的MOCPs方面富有成效的工作,极大地丰富了络合聚合物的结构数据,但这种材料最引人注目的特性--孔及表面性质的可调控性及其对其各种应用特性,如分子识别、择形催化、择形吸附等所能带来的影响方面的研究还很不够.     

本征导热高分子材料研究进展

导热高分子复合材料因轻质、设计自由度大及易加工等优势获得了广泛的工业应用,但也面临着热导率k与介电强度昂之间无法协同提高的严峻问题,严重影响和限制了其在高压电力绝缘设备领域的工业应用.而基于提高无序结构聚合物的结构有序性而获得本征导热高分子(ITCP)的策略,不但同步提高Eb及k,还保留了其自身卓越的综合性能.本文讨论...