Processing and properties of 2D SiC/SiC composites by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

Two-dimensional plain-weave silicon carbide fiber fabric reinforced silicon carbide (2D-SiC/SiC) composites were molded by stacking method and densified through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. SiC coating was deposited as the fiber/matrix interphase layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Fiber/matrix debonding and relatively long fiber pullouts were observed on the fracture surfaces. Additionally, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composites with and without fiber/matrix interphase layer were investigated using three-point bending test and single-edge notched beam test. The results show that the fiber fraction and the porosity of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 27.2% (volume fraction) and 11.1%, and 40.7% (volume fraction) and 7.5%, respectively. And the flexural strength and elastic modulus of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 363.3 MPa and 127.8 GPa, and 180.2 MPa and 97.2 GPa, respectively. With a proper thickness, the coating can effectively adjust the fiber/matrix interface, thus causing a dramatic increase in the mechanical properties of the composites. Foundation item: Project(NCET-07-0228) support by the New Century Excellent Talents in University     

Processing and characterization of Cf/SiC composites

Carbon fiber-reinforced SiC composites were prepared by precursor pyrolysis-hot pressing （PP-HP） and precursor impregnation-pyrolysis （PIP）, respectively. The effect of fabrication methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. It was found that the composite prepared by PP-HP exhibits a brittle fracture behavior, which is mainly ascribed to a strongly bonded fiber/matrix interface and the degradation of the fibers caused by a higher processing temperature. On the contrary, the composite prepared by PIP shows a tough fracture behavior, which could be rationalized on the basis of a weakly bonded fiber/matrix interface as well as a higher strength retention of the fibers. As a result, in comparison with the composite prepared by PP-HP, the composite prepared by PIP achieves better mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 573.4 MPa and a fracture toughness of 17.2 MPa.m^1/2.     

SiC/Si-W-Mo coating for protection of C/C composites at 1873 K

In order to prevent carbon/carbon composites from oxidation at 1873 K, an efficient oxidation protective SiC/Si-W-Mo coating was prepared by a two-step pack cementation technique. The microstructures and the phase composition of the as-received multi-coating were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It is seen that the compact multi-coating is composed of α-SiC, Si, and （WxMO1-x）Si2. Oxidation test shows that, after oxidation at 1873 K in air for 102 h and thermal cycling between 1873 K and room temperature for 10 times, the weight loss of the SiC/Si-W-Mo coated C/C composites is only 0.26%. The invalidation of the multi-coating is attributed to the formation of penetrable cracks in the coating. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Ablation properties of C/C composites with various needled preforms prepared by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration

The ablation properties of C/C composites with four different needled preforms prepared by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI),which are super-thin mat lay-up,0°/90° weftless fabric lay-up,0°/45° weftless fabric lay-up and 0°/45° twill fabric lay-up,were quantitatively evaluated by performing the ablation tests with an engine torch.And their ablation discrepancies were analyzed according to the surface characteristic,porosity and thermal diffusivity.The results show that the 0°/45° weftless composite has a flat eroded surface with no obvious macroscopic pits.Its thickness and mass erosion rates are decreased by about 46.8% and 34.8%,25.0% and 27.5%,and 17.5% and 19.4% compared with those of the mat,the 0°/90° weftless and the 0°/45° twill composites,respectively.The ablation properties are mainly controlled by the thermo-chemical effect (oxidation),and a little by the thermo-mechanical effect (mechanical denudation).The needling fiber bundles play an important role in accelerating the ablation process and resulting in the heterogeneous ablation.     

Improved oxidation resistance of chemical vapor reaction SiC coating modified with silica for carbon/carbon composites

To protect carbon/carbon (C/C) composites from oxidation, a SiC coating modified with SiO2 was prepared by a complex technology. The inner SiC coating with thickness varying from 150 to 300 μm was initially coated by chemical vapor reaction (CVR): a simple and cheap technique to prepare the SiC coating via siliconizing the substrate that was exposed to the mixed vapor (Si and SiO2) at high temperatures (1 923?2 273 K). Then the as-prepared coating was processed by a dipping and drying procedure with tetraet...     

包覆工艺制备C—SiC—B4C—TiB2复合材料的组织与性能

以鳞片石墨,B4C,SiC,TiO2为原料,利用包覆工艺在不同热压温度下制备了W（C）=50％的C—SiC—B4C—TiB2复合材料,并详细研究了热压温度对复合材料显微组织和性能的影响规律．结果表明,当热压温度高于1850℃时,复合材料由C,SiC,B4C和TiB2这四相组成;复合材料的体积密度、抗折强度和断裂韧性均随着热压温度的升高而增加．2000oC热压时,复合材料的体积密度、气孔率、抗折强度和断裂韧性分别达到2．41g／cm^3,3．42％,176MPa和6．1MPa·m^1/2;热压温度升高,复合材料的碳相和陶瓷相逐渐致密,碳相最终形成了在陶瓷基体上镶嵌的直径为40μm橄榄球状和条状这两种形貌．碳／陶瓷相的弱界面分层诱导韧化和第二相TiB2与陶瓷基体之间热膨胀系数不匹配所致的残余应力使变形过程中微裂纹的扩展路径发展变化,使复合材料的韧性提高．     

Structure and oxidation behavior of a plasma sprayed yttrium silicates coated SiC-C/C with a glass outer sealant from 1 573K to 1 873K

Different compositions of yttrium silicates coatings were deposited on SiC-C/C by plasma spraying and an outer borosilicate glass was applied on the yttrium silicates coatings surfaces. The structure of the multi-layer coatings was characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. High temperature oxidation behavior of the multi-layer coatings coated C/C composites was investigated. Results show that SiC/2SiO2 Y2O3/1.5SiO2 Y203/ SiO2 Y2O3/glass multi-layer coating has better high temperature oxidation resistance, protecting carbon/ carbon composites from oxidation at 1 773 K in air for 164 h with the weight loss of 1.65%. The oxidation weight loss of the coated C/C with time accorded with parabolic rule in the temperature range 1 573 K-1 873 K; and the corresponding oxidation activation energy of the coated carbon/carbon composites is 132.2 kJ/mol.     

原位合成Al_2O_3/FeAl复合材料的组织与性能

利用Fe-Al-Fe2O3体系的放热反应,原位热压合成了Al2O3/FeAl复合材料.借助XRD和SEM等研究了复合材料的物相组成和显微结构,以及Al2O3生成量对复合材料显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:经1 250℃保温1.5h热压烧结的块体材料主要由FeAl及少量Al2O3相构成,FeAl基体为片层结构,增强相Al2O3分散在基体和晶界处.随着Al2O3含量的增加,基体晶粒尺寸明显减小,同时对材料起增强增韧作用.在Al2O3含量为1.2wt%时,试样的抗弯强度达到最大值1 329.22MPa;在Al2O3含量为0.8wt%时,试样的断裂韧性达到最大值29.95MPa·m1/2.此值正好处于金属与陶瓷材料性能链的断缺处.因此,本研究结果对于完善材料性能体系具有重要意义.     

包覆法制备Gp/SiC复合材料的显微结构和性能

以不同粒径的石墨颗粒和SiC粉体为原料,采用SiC粉体包覆石墨颗粒的方法,于2000℃热压制备了石墨/碳化硅（Gp/SiC）复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM,EDS）分析了材料的金相和断口显微结构.研究表明,石墨粒径较小且质量分数较少的复合材料比石墨粒径较大且质量分数较多的复合材料在热压工艺中更致密.石墨颗粒呈岛状紧密地镶嵌在SiC基体中,石墨与SiC界面处C和Si的扩散不明显.复合材料的相对密度、抗折强度,断裂韧性和硬度随石墨粒径和质量分数的减少而增加.断口形貌表明SiC陶瓷基体为脆性,石墨为韧性断裂.当石墨粒径为125μm、SiC与石墨的质量比为3.5时,复合材料的综合性能最佳,开口气孔率为0.3%,相对密度为97.9%,抗折强度为75±15 MPa,断裂韧性为5.4±0.5 MPa.m1/2,硬度为26.8±3GPa.     

Behavior of pure and modified carbon/carbon composites in atomic oxygen environment

Atomic oxygen （AO） is considered the most erosive particle to spacecraft materials in low earth orbit （LEO）. Carbon fiber, car-bon/carbon （C/C）, and some modified C/C composites were exposed to a simulated AO environment to investigate their behaviors in LEO. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, AO erosion rate calculation, and mechanical property testing were used to characterize the material properties. Results show that the carbon fiber and C/C specimens undergo significant degradation under the AO bombing. According to the effects of AO on C/C-SiC and CVD-SiC-coated C/C, a condensed CVD-SiC coat is a feasible approach to protect C/C composites from AO degradation.     

涂层对CVD法SiC纤维拉伸断裂行为的影响

针对SiC纤维的表面缺陷引起的低强度断裂问题,采用CVD技术对SiC纤维进行了C涂层.利用了XRD和SEM分别对无C涂层SiC纤维和C涂层SiC纤维的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征,对比了其抗拉强度.结果表明SiC由-SiC晶体组成,在(111)晶面方向上择优生长.涂C后SiC纤维表面光滑致密,表面缺陷较少,有效地降低了表面缺陷深度a值;涂C后SiC纤维的拉伸强度比无C涂层的抗拉强度增加了620MPa.因此,C涂层可以降低SiC纤维的表面缺陷,从而使SiC纤维的抗拉强度增加到2870MPa.     

Processing and mechanical properties of network ceramic/steel composites by pressureless infiltration

A new style Ni-containing alumina ceramic foam based continuous three-dimensional interconnected skeleton was prepared by impregnating a polymeric sponge with aqueous ceramic slurry.Subsequently,alumina ceramic foam/steel metal matrix composites（MMCs） were prepared successfully by sand mold casting technique.The microstructure and mechanical properties of MMCs were investigated by SEM,EDS and compressive test.The results show that the depth of infiltration is about 40 μm to the bonding interface of ceramic/steel and the fracture strength σmax and plastic strain limit εp of composite are 520 MPa and 11.2%,respectively.The fretting wear mechanism of MMCs is mainly performed at the oxidative wear mode with lower load/friction frequency and the predominant oxidation wear together with slight adhesive wear and abrasive wear multiple mode with higher load/ friction frequency.Moreover,the infiltration bonding and continuous three-dimensional interconnected ceramic skeleton play a vital role in the stability of the bonding interface and excellent mechanical properties.     

浸泡腐蚀对HGB/EP复合材料力学性能的影响

在对复合材料的研究中,其吸水性及耐腐蚀性一直是研究的重点之一。本文通过常温和60℃吸水试验以及60℃酸、碱腐蚀试验,研究了空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂制成的复合材料（HGB/EP）的吸湿规律、温度对吸湿的影响以及材料在60℃下的腐蚀情况。通过研究不同配比的空心玻璃微珠（HGB）与环氧树脂制成的复合材料吸水量的大小,发现这种材料吸水量大小与微珠的填充率密切相关,不同填充比复合材料其微结构对吸水量影响甚大,且高温能提高吸湿速率和平衡吸湿量。在腐蚀试验中,发现该材料的耐酸性较差,测试后试件表现出软化现象。而酸的浓度越高,腐蚀越严重,经浸泡腐蚀的材料力学性能进一步下降。     

Wet friction performance of C/C-SiC composites prepared by new processing route

C/C-SiC composites with SiC island distribution were prepared via a new processing route. The fabrication process mainly included silicon infiltration by ultrasonic vibration, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), siliconizing, liquid phase impregnation and carbonization. The wear and friction properties were tested by an MM-1000 wet friction machine. The results show that SiC phases are mainly distributed between carbon fibers and pyrocarbons as well as among the pryocarbons. The dynamic friction coefficient of the composites decreases gradually from 0.126 to 0.088 with the increase of the surface pressure from 0.5 to 2.5 MPa at the same rotary speed. Furthermore, under the constant surface pressure, the dynamic friction coefficient increases from 0.114 to 0.126 with the increase of the rotary speed from 1 500 to 2 500 r/min. However, the coefficient decreases to 0.104 when the rotary speed exceeds 4 500 r/min. During the friction process, the friction coefficient of C/C-SiC composite is between 0.088 and 0.126, and the wear value is zero after 300 times brake testing. Foundation item: Project(2006CB600901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(0991015) supported by Guangxi Science Found, China; Project(200808MS083) supported by Guangxi Education Department Found     

Electromagnetic shielding and absorption properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

In order to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) and absorbing properties of fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber, carbon fiber and synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced concrete were researched. The results show that with the increase of fiber volume fraction, the SE and trend of frequency change of corresponding fiber reinforced concrete are enhanced. When the volume content of steel fiber is 3%, the SE of concrete is above 50 dB and its frequency is above 1.8 GHz. Moreover, in the range of 8-18 GHz, steel fiber, carbon fiber and PVA fiber all can improve the microwave absorption properties of concrete. The concrete with 0.5% carbon fiber can achieve the best absorbing property, the minimum reflectivity is about -7 dB; while steel fiber optimal volume fraction is 2%. The reflectivity curve of PVA fiber reinforced concrete fluctuates with the frequency, and the minimum value of the reflectivity is below -10 dB. The results show that fiber reinforced concrete could be used as EMI(electromagnetic interference) prevention buildings by attenuating and reflecting electromagnetic wave energy.     

CVD法制备Sb掺杂SnO2薄膜的结构与性能研究

采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备了Sb掺杂SnO2薄膜（ATO），研究了Sb掺杂量对ATO薄膜结构和性能的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等分析手段对所制得薄膜的结构、形貌、成分等进行了表征，XRD结果表明在基板温度为665 ℃时能够制得结晶性能较好的多晶薄膜，XPS分析确定掺杂后的Sb以Sb5+离子形式存在。讨论了Sb掺杂量对方块电阻、透射率和反射率等薄膜性质的影响，结果表明,当Sb掺杂量为2%时取得最小方块电阻为7.8 Ω/□,在可见光区薄膜的透射率和反射率随着Sb掺杂量的增加呈下降趋势。最后探讨了Sb掺杂SnO2薄膜的显色特性，认为Sb5+离子的本征吸收是薄膜显色的主要原因。     

Microstructure and deposition mechanism of C/SiCN composites prepared by rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbonitride ceramic matrix composites (C/SiCN) were prepared by rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD using liquid polymer hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS, (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3) as precursor. Microstructure morphology and production technique of C/SiCN composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were respectively employed to characterize microstructures of the as-received C/SiCN composites samples. The high temperature pyrolysis of HMDS results in destruction of molecular chain, fracture of bonds, as well as liquid-gas-solid conversion from polymer to ceramic. Microstructures observation indicates that there is a high degree of coalescence between SiCN matrix and C fiber. The deposition model of liquid precursor electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD is different from that of gas precursor isothermal chemical vapor infiltration. Rapid liquid flow and slow gas diffusion are key factors for the difference of two methods. Preparation of rapid electro-thermal pyrolysis CVD consists of four steps including liquid polymer infiltration, polymer pyrolysis, rapid deposition of pyrolyzed substances and rapid densification, respectively.     

半固态挤压SiCp/2024复合材料的组织性能研究及缺陷分析

采用粉末混合－半固态挤压工艺制备SiCp/2024复合材料棒材,对其微观组织、力学性能和断口形貌进行了分析。SEM电镜观察结果表明,该工艺能够制得SiC颗粒分布均匀、基体组织致密、界面结合良好的复合材料棒材。采用Instron材料实验机对复合材料力学性能进行测试,结果表明,其力学性能与基体合金相比有较大提高,复合材料的塑性相对较高。同时,对挤压棒材的表面裂纹的形成原因进行了力学分析。