基于厄米-高斯函数法研究1维光子晶体波导

为了对折射率型1维光子晶体缺陷波导中的光传输进行有效数值模拟,采用此类型波导的厄米-高斯函数展开方法进行了研究。首先给出了计算方法的详细理论推导,然后利用该方法计算了偏振态不同、结构参量不同的情况下波导本征模式的色散关系、模场空间分布、能量控制因子及等效折射率。结果表明,1维光子晶体缺陷波导与阶跃平面光波导主要差别在于高阶模式,且可通过调节1维光子晶体的结构参量来有效调控高阶模式的传输。     

Resonant coupling of near-infrared radiation to photonic bandstructure waveguides

Sharp resonance features are observed in the polarized reflectivity spectra of semiconductor photonic crystals fabricated by deep periodic patterning of AlGaAs surface waveguides. Both one- (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) lattices are studied by angular dependent reflectivity. By comparison with theory we show that the sharp features in reflectivity arise from resonant coupling of the external radiation to the folded band structure of the photonic crystal waveguides. Wavevector selective coupling to “heavy photon” states at the edge of the photonic Brillouin zone is demonstrated for the 1-D lattices. In the case of the 2-D lattices we observe polarization mixing of the photonic hands. Theoretical reflectivity spectra were obtained from a numerical solution of Maxwells equations for the patterned waveguide and were found to be in very good agreement with experiment     

Structural tuning of guiding modes of line-defect waveguides ofsilicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs

We experimentally demonstrate the structural tuning of the waveguiding modes of line defects in photonic crystal (PC) slabs. By tuning the defect widths, we realized efficient single-mode waveguides that operate within photonic band gap frequencies in silicon-on-insulator PC slabs. The observed waveguiding characteristics agree very well with three-dimensional finite difference time-domain calculations. We also directly measured the propagation loss of the line defect waveguides and obtained a value of 6 dB/mm     

Design and fabrication of silicon photonic crystal optical waveguides

We have designed and fabricated waveguides that incorporate two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal geometry for lateral confinement of light, and total internal reflection for vertical confinement. Both square and triangular photonic crystal lattices were analyzed. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis was used to find design parameters of the photonic crystal and to calculate dispersion relations for the guided modes in the waveguide structure. We have developed a new fabrication technique to define these waveguides into silicon-on-insulator material. The waveguides are suspended in air in order to improve confinement in the vertical direction and symmetry properties of the structure. High-resolution fabrication allowed us to include different types of bends and optical cavities within the waveguides.     

AlGaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with defectwaveguides for planar lightwave circuit applications

An AlGaAs-based near-infrared 2-D photonic crystal (PC) with an air-bridge structure featuring defect waveguides has been developed. For the sample without defect waveguides, measurements of the optical transmission characteristics in the wavelength range from 850 nm to 1100 nm showed a deep attenuation due to a bandgap with 30-35 dB attenuation and transmittance of nearly 100% for the guided modes. Optical propagation properties of defect waveguides were obtained by two methods: measurements of transmission spectra and plan-view observations of the optical beam trace along the waveguide with an infrared-vidicon camera. 3-D finite-difference time-domain simulations for the band structure and transmission spectra in the air-bridge slab with and without defect waveguides have revealed the appearance of four defect propagation modes specific to the defect waveguide, between two slab modes for the defect-free photonic crystal slab. These defect modes were experimentally identified in the measured transmission spectra     

Light propagation characteristics of straight single-line-defectwaveguides in photonic crystal slabs fabricated into asilicon-on-insulator substrate

Straight single-line defect optical waveguides in photonic crystal slabs are designed by the finite difference time-domain method and fabricated into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. By employing an airbridge structure, clear light propagation for both polarizations is observed without any leakage along the waveguide. This experimental result is well explained by photonic bands of pure guided modes. Minimum propagation loss is estimated to be 11 dB/mm. This value is lower than that reported so far for three-line-defect waveguides with an SOI slab structure and almost comparable to that for an index confinement waveguide with a rectangular Si core. This propagation loss is dominated by the scattering loss by some irregularities. However, photonic crystal waveguides have the possibility of an essential lower scattering loss than in the index confinement waveguide because of the inhibition of radiation modes by the photonic bandgap     

Observation of pulse compression in photonic Crystal coupled cavity waveguides

We demonstrate the compression of picosecond pulses using the large group velocity dispersion available from planar photonic crystal (PhC) coupled cavity waveguides (CCWs). A maximum pulsewidth reduction of 40%, from 1.91 to 1.17 ps, is achieved, in transmission through an 8-/spl mu/m-long planar PhC waveguide. The equivalent dispersion value is >10/sup 6/ times larger than that available from standard single-mode fiber, at the pulse center wavelength of 1536 nm. The device performance is analyzed with the aid of both two-dimensional (2-D) eigenmode expansion and 2-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) models. The models included the material dispersion of the GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure, into which the PhCs are etched, and show remarkable agreement with experiment.     

5平行光子晶体多模波导的耦合特性及应用

为了模拟计算研究2维三角形光子晶体波导自成像多模干涉的耦合特性,提出一种2维光子晶体2端口分束器.基于自成像多模干涉效应,采用有限时域差分法,数值计算和分析了这种分束器的特性.结果表明,这种分束器每个输出端的反射率低于0.002,透射率可高达0.498,造成这种现象的物理原因是多模干涉区的自成像效应.这种多模干涉在光子晶体光学集成电路中具有重要的潜在应用价值.     

Coupling properties in a 2-D photonic crystal slab directional coupler with a triangular lattice of air holes

Two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PC) directional couplers (DCs) that have a triangular lattice pattern of air holes in a planar dielectric slab are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. Unlike the 2-D PC DC structure with a dielectric rod in air, which is frequently used in theoretical studies, more practical PC DCs tend to be multimode in nature and exhibit a large group velocity dispersion, thus creating decoupling points in the dispersion relation without any additional modifications to the structure. The multimode nature and large dispersion lead to interference which degrades the coupling properties. By inserting three rows of air holes between neighboring line-defect waveguides in order to separate them, we have successfully reduced the multimode region and obtained a single-mode region. In this case, the large dispersion allows the creation of a PC DC with wavelength selectivity and a coupling length as short as 30 a,/spl sim/10 /spl mu/m for a=345 nm, where a is the lattice constant. The transmission spectra obtained experimentally showed good agreement with the theory whereas their transmission ranges were restricted to those of bent waveguides. These results are encouraging for practical application to optical communications.     

硅基纳米波导的双模干涉

硅基(SOI)波导是近年集成光电子和集成波导的重要方向。对硅基纳米波导进行数值计算,讨论了空气包层和SiO2包层两种情况的双模传输特性,得到两种包层结构的双模工作区域和双模拍长与波导结构的关系。研究了SOI纳米波导中双模干涉现象以及双折射和温度对双模干涉的影响。     

Dispersion compensation with photonic crystal line-defect waveguides

A concept for dispersion compensation in transmission is proposed, based on modes anti-crossing in photonic crystal (PC) line-defect waveguides. Quasi-constant positive and negative dispersion is possible in order of 100 ps/nm/mm on the bandwidth of 100 GHz. An adiabatic taper is proposed for efficient coupling into PC structure.     

Lasing at bend, branch and intersection of photonic crystal waveguides

The authors report room temperature lasing by pulsed photopumping at line and point composite defects, i.e. a 60/spl deg/-bend, a Y-branch and an intersection of single line defect waveguides, in a GaInAsP photonic crystal slab. The lasing wavelength was different from the simple line defect lasing mode. This indicates that such waveguide components act as microcavities with localised modes.     

Dielectric waveguides in two-dimensional photonic bandgap materials

We investigate the performance and guiding properties of waveguides fabricated in a finite two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) structure. Confinement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of periodicity is achieved by fabricating the 2-D PBG structure in a high dielectric layer enclosed by two lower dielectric layers. Simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method are performed to investigate the energy transport in such waveguides. Good qualitative agreement is found with the experimental observations     

0.35 THz二维光子晶体带通滤波器设计

设计了一种基于二维光子晶体的太赫兹带通滤波器,通过在线缺陷的光子晶体波导两侧引入对称的点缺陷形成谐振腔,在太赫兹频段实现了较好的带通滤波特性。这种二维光子晶体带通滤波器具备较宽的通带带宽,同时还可以通过增加多组对称点缺陷的方式实现多个谐振腔的级联,进一步提高带外抑制特性,可满足太赫兹通信或雷达系统的应用需求,具有良好的应用价值。     

Single-mode lightwave transmission in SOI-type photonic-crystalline-defect waveguides with phase-shifted holes

Single-mode lightwave transmission was observed in novel line-defect photonic-crystal (PC) waveguides. The waveguide structure is constructed by adding phase-shifted holes in an ordinary missing-hole line defect. This device permits a fine single-mode lightwave transmission even though the waveguide structure is fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, which seriously promotes off-plane leakage of waveguiding modes     

含有负折射率缺陷的光子晶体中的局域缺陷模

研究了含有负折射率缺陷的光子晶体中的局域缺陷模。利用传输矩阵方法计算了含有3个负折射率缺陷的一维光子晶体的透射谱,讨论了缺陷间的相互作用对缺陷模的影响。与正折射率缺陷情形相比较,负折射率缺陷间的相互作用对缺陷模的影响更大,局域模谱线更宽。     

Ultrashort 2-D photonic crystal directional couplers

A novel approach to reduce the coupling length and to increase the coupling coefficient in waveguide directional couplers implemented on two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystals (PhC) is proposed. To increase the coupling coefficient of a 2-D PhC directional coupler, which is composed of two parallel PhC waveguides separated by one or several rows of rods, the radius of the rods between both waveguides is reduced. The application of this feature to ultrasmall channel interleavers and wavelength demultiplexers is addressed.     

Time-delay measurement in singlemode, low-loss photonic crystal waveguides

The group delay in low-loss, singlemode, 1 mm-long photonic crystal slab waveguides is measured using the phase shift technique for the first time. Low group velocities (相似文献   

Room temperature photonic crystal defect lasers at near-infraredwavelengths in InGaAsP

Room temperature lasing from optically pumped single defects in a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) crystal is demonstrated. The high-Q optical microcavities are formed by etching a triangular array of air holes into a half-wavelength thick multiquantum-well waveguide. Defects in the 2-D photonic crystal are used to support highly localized optical modes with volumes ranging from 2 to 3 (λ/2n)³. Lithographic tuning of the air hole radius and the lattice spacing are used to match the cavity wavelength to the quantum-well gain peak, as well as to increase the cavity Q. The defect lasers were pumped with 10-30 ns pulses of 0.4-1% duty cycle. The threshold pump power was 1.5 mW (≈500 μW absorbed)     

Coupling between photonic crystal waveguides

A calculation procedure for evaluation of the coupling length of two parallel coupled channel waveguides in a planar photonic crystal is proposed. The first step of the calculation is evaluation of the band structure of a photonic crystal containing two coupled linear defects. The eigenvalue corresponding to eigenstates localized in the linear defect (the waveguide) is split due to the coupling. This splitting is treated within the coupled-mode theory that yields a simple relation between the splitting and the coupling length. The MIT photonic bands code is used to evaluate the coupling between channel waveguides in silicon./sup 1/ These calculations show that in contrast to the finite-difference time-domain approach, the method is effective for three-dimensional light propagation.