虚拟手术仿真中三维模型简化方法的研究

针对虚拟手术仿真中海量三角网格模型的特点,提出一种改进的基于边折叠的模型简化算法。该算法在经典边折叠算法的基础上,从误差估算、折叠点选取、模型平滑三方面进行了改进,进一步优化三维模型的简化速度和外观效果。实验结果表明,改进后的边折叠算法对海量三角网格的肝脏以及静脉模型的简化速度显著加快,简化后的模型与原模型相比在视觉上保持了良好的一致性,证明了该算法的有效性和可靠性。     

三角网格模型骨架提取算法

骨架图能够直观表达三维模型几何形状,很好地反映模型的拓扑特征,在工业机器人抓取、特征识别等领域有着广泛的应用。针对三角网格表达的工业零件给出一种骨架提取算法,该算法采用Reeb图对三角网格进行骨架的抽取运算。首先读取三角网格文件,并对复杂的三角网格进行简化处理,然后遍历所有的三角网格,采用Dijkstra算法抽取基本点集,根据定义的连续函数计算每个顶点的函数值,最后根据函数值得出模型的基本骨架。实验表明,该算法具有良好的计算效果和效率,提取出的骨架图较好地保存了三维模型拓扑结构和姿态,可作为后续研究三维模型搜索的特征描述符。     

基于代价函数三角网格模型动态简化的研究

模型简化是解决复杂三维模型存储、传输、实时绘制与硬件处理能力的局限性之间矛盾的主要方法。介绍了三角网格模型简化相关技术和算法。目前基于边折叠的三角网格模型简化算法边折叠计算复杂,没有有效进行动态简化,结合Garland的二次误差度量算法和Hoppe的累进网格算法,提出了基于代价函数的三角网格模型动态简化算法。     

结合边折叠和局部优化的网格简化算法

针对目前网格简化算法在将三维模型简化到较低分辨率时,网格模型的细节特征丢失、网格质量不佳的问题,提出一种保持特征的高质量网格简化算法。引入顶点近似曲率的概念,并将其与边折叠的误差矩阵结合,使得简化模型的细节特征在最大限度上得到保持。同时分析简化后三角网格的质量,对三角网格作局部优化处理,减少狭长三角形的数量,提高简化模型的网格质量。使用Apple模型和Horse模型进行实验,并与一种经典的基于边折叠的网格简化算法以及其改进算法之一进行对比。实验结果显示,两种对比算法三角网格分布过于均匀,局部细节模糊不清,而所提算法的三角网格在曲率大的区域稠密,在平坦处稀疏,细节特征清晰可辨;简化模型的几何误差的数量值与两种对比算法处于同一数量级;所提算法的简化网格的平均质量远高于两种对比算法。实验结果表明,在不扩大几何误差的情况下,所提算法不仅具有较强的细节特征保持能力,而且简化模型的网格质量较高,视觉效果较好。     

一种针对基于图像的3D重建网格的简化算法

文章提出了一种针对“基于图像的曲面3D重建网格”的简化算法,利用原曲面光照图像的等灰度值曲线来确定初始简化三角网格,然后通过若干次细分操作改善三角网格的形状,从而形成最终的简化网格。由于所有计算都在平面图像上进行,使得复杂的三维网格简化计算变成相对容易的平面网格简化计算,并同时具有保持原曲面的显示效果的优点。实验结果显示,该算法具有高效的计算速度和良好的显示效果保持特性,并可望应用到更广泛的高度场数据的简化方法中。     

三维地质界面网格模型构建算法研究

三维地质模型主要包含地质构造模型和地质属性模型。提出一种局部映射-边界控制的曲面三角化网格模型构建算法,与映射法相比,减少三维空间点映射到二维平面的计算过程,避免因多点到一点的映射关系而生成错误的三角化网格模型。基于地质测量数据特点,原始地质数据经处理后采用点集合形式表示,基于点集数据构建三维三角化网格模型,模拟地质界面的展布形态,控制三角网格质量。采用两种网格边界控制方法,在有边界约束数据和无边界约束数据条件下均能自动更新地质界面三角化网格模型边界。基于断层点数据集测试并展示算法构建的三维三角化网格模型可视化效果,通过断层面三角化网格模型能够反映断层面之间空间位置关系。     

基于几何特征的自适应三维模型数字水印算法

针对三维三角网格模型提出一种稳健的数字水印算法.首先将三维三角网格模型进行仿射变换,以获得模型的旋转不变性和缩放不变性;然后将各顶点邻域内顶点位置的平均差值作为掩蔽因子确定水印嵌入的强度,使得嵌入的水印具有不可见性.实验结果表明:该算法简单,对几何变换、简化、随机噪声和剪切攻击具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于三角网格模型简化的研究

三角网格模型需要大量的信息来记录点、边和面之间的连接关系,对于复杂模型更需要大量的存储空间,且在网络上传输的速度比较慢。三角网格模型的简化对于其存储、处理、传输以及实时绘制有着重要的意义。本文在针对国内外关于这一领域相关技术研究的基础上,设计出了一种基于三角形删除的简化算法。该算法首先计算三角形的权重,根据设定的权重差值比例来删除相应的三角网格模型区域,然后再对删除后的区域实行三角网格的重建。最后,以两个实例进行探讨,以原始网格模型与简化后的网格模型进行对比,说明本文所设计的网格模型简化算法即有效地实现了三角网格模型的简化,又保持了三角网格模型原有的基本特征,且使简化的效率得到了提高,达到了令人满意的结果。     

一种基于矩形网格加速的曲面裁剪算法

在地质模型中.曲面一般用三角网格来表示.在三维地质建模过程中经常需要对曲面进行裁剪操作,本文描述了一种网格曲面裁剪算法.它是将传统裁剪算法中的曲面三角网格和三角网格求交简化为曲面三角网格和矩形网格求交,由于矩形网格的数据结构简单.查找和定位方便(可以直接根据坐标值定位到所位于的矩形网格单元),算法简练,较大的提高了计算速度.     

带属性的三角网格模型简化算法研究

在计算机视觉，计算机仿真，网络传输中，经常遇到带有颜色，纹理等属性的三角网格模型的简化问题，文中提出一种带属性的三角网格模型简化的算法，该算法将表征网格顶点信息的向量由简单的三维几何信息扩展到包含颜色，纹理等附加信息的多维向量，在R^n空间中用对称Hausdorff距离控制网络简化顺序和精度，既保证了简化网格模型在几何上与补始网格模型尽可能地相似，又较好地保存了初始网格模型的颜色，纹理等信息。     

连续域蚁群算法在扩散工艺路线优选中的应用

针对工艺快速扩散系统中的扩散工艺路线决策问题,提出了扩散工艺路线优选模型.该模型以成本和时间为约束,结合了工艺快速扩散系统中工艺单一性的特点,构建了改进的连续域蚁群算法.该算法提出了最小路径蚂蚁信息素的局部更新,加快了收敛速度,能够快速解决扩散工艺路线优选问题.最后以一个实例验证了该算法的实用性.     

基于XPDL的过程模式研究

通过扩充XPDL语言的语义,建立了一种过程模式的描述技术。对XPDL语义的扩充包括定义产品和资源、定义过程模式、实现描述过程模式的模板、实现描述活动的模板和定义实体的图形化语义等工作。文章对这几个方面的内容进行了描述。     

复合材料液态浸渗挤压的开关控制系统

针对液态浸渗挤压复合材料成形过程实施难度大、质量难于控制的现状，开发了工艺过程开关控制系统，并编制了基于Windows 98操作系统、C Builder 5.0环境下可视化计算机开关量控制程序软件。利用数据采集系统进行关键参数监控，实时在线采集并同时显示3组工艺参数，计算机可按输入参数及现场情况控制成形过程。试验结果表明，该系统性能可靠，操作方便，为该工艺的实际应用奠定了基础。     

神经网络系统学习过程初探

本文给出了神经网络系统学习过程的一个随机模型--马尔柯夫模型,从最大熵原理的观点讨论神经网络系统的学习过程,提出将神经网络系统的学习过程分为两个阶段的想法并给出学习过程的算法.     

BPMN 2.0过程模型的语义和分析

BPMN 2.0已成为了建模业务过程事实上的标准。BPMN 2.0过程模型中建模元素的混用会产生控制流方面的语义错误。首先,建立了BPMN 2.0过程模型到工作流网的映射,并使用Petri网来形式定义过程模型的语义;其次,借助Petri网的分析技术,使用这种定义的语义对BPMN 2.0过程模型进行了合理性分析。实验结果表明,这种形式化可以识别BPMN 2.0过程模型中的语义错误。     

Recognition of process patterns for BIM-based construction schedules

Construction scheduling is a very demanding and time intensive process. Building information modeling (BIM) is becoming increasingly important for planning and scheduling, as it provides significant support for this difficult assignment. Further improvements can be achieved by applying predefined process templates for BIM-based schedules. It can reduce the planning time and thus increase the productivity. However, a manual definition of proper and application-specific process templates is very challenging. The automatic detection of recurring similar configurations of construction processes, called process patterns, would greatly support this complex task. Identified process patterns can be subsequently generalized, supporting the design of process templates. This contribution presents an overall concept for process pattern recognition in BIM-based construction schedules by applying graph-based methods. Due to the fact that graph matching algorithms are in general very time- and resource-consuming, an indexing technique based on features is used to solve this problem more efficiently. The paper focuses on the estimation of similarity in construction schedules, describing feature-based methods and similarity measure definitions in detail. Another emphasis is the preparation of schedules for the recognition of process patterns, including decomposition of schedules into smaller parts, referred to as subschedules, and normalization of features. The potential of this concept is demonstrated by two different case studies. The proper results of the evaluation show that the proposed method and similarity metrics are sufficient for the recognition of process patterns in construction schedules.     

A Gestural Representation of the Process of Composing Chinese Temples

Concentrating on the process of design rather than on just the final design artifact, this research illustrates a computing-based design environment that can represent the process of composing Chinese temple facades. Temple compositions are constructed by generating tessellated vocabulary elements, relating vocabulary elements in a topological mosaic, and integrating the mosaic into temple facades. Assuming this compositional machinery, this article examines the design environment, which includes presentation of the machinery to the designer, techniques by which a designer interacts with the machinery, and methods to depict the process of interaction and render process as an aesthetic experience. A gestural language provides the means to interact with the machinery as well as to create the marks that record the process of interaction. The gestural language furnishes the designer with mechanisms for experiencing and representing the compositional process, realizing and reflecting upon process, and sharing process with other members of a design studio, it enables compositional process to be represented in temporal framework that reflects the designer's sense of presence. invoking gestures to comopose temple elements, engaging in gestural conversations to explore the compositional process, representing scenes of temple compositions, and eventually forming a basis for the preservation of design craft.     

复合材料半固态成型多路实时数据采集系统

利用C语言和数据库技术开发了复合材料半固态成型数据采集系统，通过人机对话设定初始参数。进行多路数据采集和处理。存储量大。可以实时采集压力、温度、位移、速度等动态信号。并能实时跟踪观察整个成型过程。采用该系统进行复合材料半固态成型试验，表明系统性能可靠。操作方便，为合理拟定工艺参数、指导生产实践和过程控制奠定了基础。     

Measurement of Spectral Properties for a Non-Gaussian Process Model of EEG

Abstract

The electrical activity of the brain produces a signal which in general is a non-stationary process. Nevertheless stationary Gaussian models are used successfully to characterize the signal in short sections without obvious non-stationarities. However, it has been observed that the characterization of the signal differs more between separate sections than may be explained using a stationary Gaussian model. In this paper a stationary but non-Gaussian process model of EEG is developed and analyzed. It is shown that for a given measurement time estimates of the autocorrelation function and the power spectrum are less accurate for this process than for the corresponding process in a Gaussian model. Upper limits for the increase in the variance of the estimates are given.

The process has been simulated on a digital computer and the experimental results verify the theoretical properties.     

On the approximation of the slot occupancy pattern in a DQDB network

This paper presents a novel approach to DQDB modeling in underload conditions; the innovative aspect lies in the representation of the slot-occupancy-pattern process on the forward bus. In the literature this process has been often modeled as a Bernoulli process, implying that the status (empty/busy) of consecutive slots are independent. Results presented in this paper, however, show that even at light loads the interdependence between slots is significant. Our model captures some of this interdependence by using a discrete-time first-order Markov process for the slot-occupancy-pattern process on the forward bus. In the paper we identify a simplified DQDB network for which we derive a closed formula for the joint probability density function for the slot occupancy pattern of two consecutive slots. The accuracy of our results is investigated via simulation. Finally, an application of our first-order Markov model is shown through an investigation of the performance of a gateway concentrating several DQDB networks in a slotted trunk.