分级燃烧降低锅炉NOx排放的特性分析

阐述了燃烧过程中NOx的生成反应动力学，分级燃烧降低NOx排放的机理。对乌拉山电厂WGZ410／100－12型锅炉和华能丹东电厂350MW机组锅炉的分级燃烧改造方案及其降低NOx排放效果进行分析，初步了解分级燃烧的特性。     

分级燃烧降低燃煤锅炉NOx排放的机理及影响因素分析

再燃燃料在还原性气氛下对主燃区煤粉燃烧生成的氮氧化物的还原反应中 ,再燃燃料中产生的中间产物氰基、氨基和烃根等起到分解氮氧化物的作用。同一再燃燃料中烃类物质在富燃料和贫燃料气氛中所起作用截然不同。实际应用中应使再燃区内各处处于弱还原性气氛下以保证再燃降低NOx 排放的效果 ,并尽量采用气体燃料作为再燃燃料 ,同时在获取所需NOx 排放水平前提下尽量选取较高的空气过量系数(化学当量比 ) ,以同时降低飞灰中的含碳量、减轻高温腐蚀的程度。     

空气分级燃烧降低NOx排放技术的研究

利用Fluent数值模拟软件分析了空气分级对高温低氧空气燃烧污染物排放的影响.应用空气分级燃烧技术的燃烧器不仅使燃烧室内具有较高的温度水平,温度场均匀,燃烧效率高,而且NOx的生成量也较低,可以达到节约燃料和降低污染物的综合效果.计算结果分析表明:分级燃烧的二次空气配比对燃烧室内的NOx排放有较大影响.当一次空气占40%左右时,NOx排放最少.     

锅炉低NOx排放煤粉分级燃烧的优化

燃料分级燃烧是目前广泛采用的降低ＮＯｘ排放的有效方法之一。本文通过数值计算对优化煤粉分级燃烧进行了研究，以保证锅炉ＮＯｘ低水平的排放，并确定了煤粉４级燃烧的组织原则。     

空气分级燃烧中灰含量对烟煤NOx排放特性的影响

在多路进风一维热态实验炉上,研究低灰分神华烟煤和高灰分的临汾烟煤的不同粒径在空气分级燃烧条件下NOx的排放特性.结果表明,神华烟煤和临汾烟煤在不分级燃烧时的NOx排放量都随过量空气系数增大而增加,但相对于神华烟煤,高灰分临汾烟煤燃烧的NOx排放最变化较小;空气分级燃烧技术对低灰分煤种有明显的NOx减排效果,而对高灰分煤种效果不明显.     

400 t/h煤粉锅炉分级送风低NOx燃烧数值模拟

利用商业软件Fluent6．1对天生港电厂400 t/h燃煤锅炉分级送风低NOx改造进行数值模拟,给出原工况以及4种预改造工况下炉膛内的温度场和NOx的浓度分布,通过比较其降低NOx排放的效果、机械未完全燃烧损失q4、出口烟温等因素,预测分级风改造中的风量配比等问题．将其结果与实际运行结果进行比较,发现采用分级送风可降低NOx排放,降幅可达30％以上,NOx排放浓度的预测值与实际测量值基本相符,因此,该方法可以作为锅炉燃烧器低NOx改造的预测工具．     

空气分级对旋风锅炉燃烧及NOx释放的影响规律

针对纯高碱煤在旋风液态排渣锅炉实际燃烧过程中存在的局部温度高及NOx排放超标等问题,采用数值模拟的方法研究了燃尽风的布置及风量配比等因素对炉内温度场、组分分布特性和NOx排放的影响规律.研究结果显示:燃尽风喷口的布置形成了良好的空气分级燃烧效果,炉内温度整体降低.不同燃尽风工况下,炉内各组分分布规律一致,w(O2)质量...     

立体分级低NOx燃烧系统数值模拟

立体分级低NOx燃烧系统,由低NOx燃烧器的燃料水平分级和高位燃尽风空气垂直分级技术有机耦合而成.本文利用CFD平台,对采用了立体分级低NOx燃烧系统的200 MW四角切圆锅炉燃烧和NOx排放特性进行了模拟,得到了炉膛内烟气温度场和燃烧产物的组分浓度分布,并对均等配风工况下的温度、氧量和NOx排放浓度与试验值进行对比,发现模拟值与试验值符合较好,验证了模型的合理性.同时,对比了主燃区二次风均等配风与倒塔配风两种配风方式对炉内燃烧和NOx排放特性的影响.结果表明,均等配风更利于降低NOx的排放,研究为立体分级低NOx燃烧系统改造效果的预报和应用提供重要参考依据.     

锅炉分级燃烧降低Nox排放的技术改造及分析

详述了乌拉山电厂ＷＧＺ４１０／１００－１２型锅炉采用分级燃烧技术降低ＮＯｘ排放的技术改造,并对改造后试验结果进行了分析和讨论,指出了火上风份额、二次风沿炉膛断面的分布、锅炉负荷及制粉系统的投停对脱硝率的影响。图７表１０参５     

神华煤粒径在分级燃烧中对NOx排放的影响

在多路进风一维炉上,研究不同粒径的神华煤在分级燃烧中氮氧化物的排放规律.结果表明:不分级燃烧时中等粒径煤粉氮氧化物的排放较高;分级燃烧时,分级的程度越大,氮氧化物排放越低;普通分级燃烧时粒径的影响很明显,但仍是中等粒径的氮氧化物的排放明显较高;深度分级燃烧时粒径的影响被削弱;在主燃烧区固定风量时,燃尽风的增加会导致氮氧化物的排放略微升高;并且分级燃烧会减少神华煤的飞灰含碳量.     

Research of boiler combustion regulation for reducing NOx emission and its effect on boiler efficiency

The effect of boiler combustion regulation on NO_x emission of two 1025t/h boilers has been studied.The re-searches show that NOx emission is influenced by coal species,operation conditions,etc,and can be reduced byregulating the combustion conditions.The effect of combustion regulation on boiler efficiency has also beenchecked.     

直流锅炉采用低NO_x燃烧技术后的水动力试验研究

结合某公司300 MW燃煤UP型直流锅炉低NOx燃烧改造实例,进行了水动力原始偏差测定。同时以70%BMCR作为基准负荷,控制包覆出口压力12 MPa,进水量632 t/h,以50%负荷与30%负荷作为校核试验,并对整个热态启动过程炉内温度状况和水动力情况进行了评述。试验结果表明,低NOx燃烧改造的燃烧系统设计可有效地保护水冷壁,并配合精细的水动力特性调整,使得UP型锅炉的水冷壁安全性大为提高。     

Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

Numerical simulation and experimental study on NO _x release along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion have been conducted. With the increase of temperature the NO _x emission increased and the peak value of NO _x release moved forward. But when the temperature increased to a certain degree, NO _x emission began to reduce. NO _x emission increased with the increase of nitrogen content of coal. The peak value of NO _x release moved backwards with the increase of coal rank. NO _x emission increased obviously with the increase of stoichiometric ratio. There existed a critical average diameter of the pulverized coal (d _c ). If d ⩽ d _c , NO _x emission reduced with the decrease of pulverized coal size. If d > d _c , NO _x emission reduced with the increase of the pulverized coal size. The results showed that the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results for concentration distribution of NO _x along the axis of the furnace. Translated from Proceeding of the CSEE, 2006, 26(1): 35–39 [译自: 中国电机工程学报]     

Asymmetric combustion characteristics and NOx emissions of a down-fired 300 MWe utility boiler at different boiler loads

To investigate the aerodynamic field, cold airflow experiments were conducted under different boiler loads in a cold small-scale model of a down-fired pulverized-coal 300 MW_e utility boiler. At 300 MW_e and 250 MW_e loads, a deflected flow field appeared in the lower furnace. In contrast, at a 150 MW_e load, a U-shaped flow field appeared in regions near the left- and right-side walls in the lower furnace. Concurrently, the regions near the two wing walls adjacent to the front arch had received deflected upward airflow emanating from the region near the rear wall. Moreover, a symmetric W-shaped flow field appeared in the central regions below the front and rear arches.Industrial-sized experiments on the full-scale furnace were also performed at different loads with measurements taken of gas temperatures in the burner region and near the right-side wall, as well as heat fluxes and gas components in the near-wall region. Asymmetric combustion appeared at 300 MW_e and 250 MW_e loads, with large differences arising in gas temperatures, gas components, and heat fluxes between zones near the front and rear walls. At 150 MW_e load, gas temperatures, gas components and heat fluxes are, in general, symmetrically distributed throughout the furnace. By decreasing the load, differences in gas temperatures, gas components, and heat fluxes near the front and rear walls decrease, as did NO_x emissions. Meanwhile, the carbon content in fly ash essentially decreased, yielding an increase in boiler efficiency assisted by a drop in exhaust gas temperature.     

420t／h电站锅炉低NOx燃烧技术试验研究与技术改造探讨

采用热天平和沉降炉对某台420 t/h锅炉的四种主要燃烧煤种进行试验研究,分析这四种煤种的燃烧特性和NOx排放特性.对比几种常用的低NOx燃烧方式,并对现行的燃烧器进行诊断分析,认为采用SOFA空气分级燃烧方式可达到预期的改造效果.     

循环流化床锅炉中灰循环倍率与燃烧产物热平衡方程式

循环流化床锅炉在炉膛、分离器和回料器组成的灰循环系统中 ,存在大量的循环灰量。它是载热体 ,从炉膛吸入或放出热量。虽然循环灰温降不大 ,然而循环灰量却极大 ,严重影响燃烧产物的热平衡。在循环流化床锅炉热力计算时 ,必须加以考虑     

循环流化床锅炉的低氮排放技术

循环流化床锅炉具有低NO_X排放和炉内脱除SO_2的优点,但随着新环保标准的颁布,流化床锅炉出口污染物排放值不能满足超低排放的要求,本文主要介绍通过改善流化床锅炉燃烧条件和采取SNCR烟气脱硝、SCR烟气脱硝或SNCR和SCR相结合的烟气脱硝等脱硝技术,确保流化床锅炉出口烟气中NO_X排放值达到环保指标要求。     

The Reduction of Thermal Nitrogen Oxides（NOx） Emission Using Staged Combustion in Furnace

The experimental study described in this paper is to investigated the control of thermal nitrogen oxides emissions from a 2.28 MW gas-fired test furnace.Tests,including changing axial or radial air flow rate.adding cooling water,and adding staged air,were performed to characterize and opimize the fuel-rich burning zone and the fuel-lean burnout zone independently.Detailed measurements of O2,CO2,CO,NOand NOx were made at the fuel-rich burning zone and furnace exit.The influence of forming CO,NO and NOx was examined.Results indicated that adding staged air in the fuel-rich burning zone(75cm from burner)will reduce the maximum NO and NOx emissions.Adding cooling water in a right position may further lower the NO and NOx emissions.In addition,the least formation of thermal nitrogen oxides in the first stage fuel-rich burning zone will occur at the stoichiometric ratio‘s inverse value ,(φ1)^-1,0.65 to 0.7.     

The effect of air staged combustion on NOx emissions in dried lignite combustion

Experiments were carried out in a multi-path air inlet one-dimensional furnace to assess NOx emission characteristics of the staged combustion of BRXL lignite and its dried coals. The impact of moisture content, multiple air staging, pulverized coal fineness and burnout air position on NOx emissions under deep, middle and shallow air-staged combustion conditions. Moreover, the impact of blending coals on NOx emissions was investigated in this paper. The unburned carbon concentration in fly ash was also tested. Experimental results based on the combustion of BRXL lignite and its dried coals show that NOx emissions can be reduced drastically by air-staged combustion. NOx emissions reduce with the increase of the air that is staged and the distance between the burner and burnout air position. Dried coal of BRXL lignite emits a smaller amount of NOx than that of BRXL lignite. However, the dried degree of BRXL lignite is closely related to R₉₀ fineness. Dried coal with optimal moisture content yields least NOx emissions. When deep or middle staged combustion was adopted, the application of multi-staged combustion is conducive to NOx reduction. However, when shallow staged combustion was adopted, NOx emissions are higher in multi-staged combustion than that in single-staged combustion with M_S = 0.54. Thus, the existence of a certain concentration of O₂ in reduction zone would significantly reduce NOx emissions. The blending coals that dried coals of BRXL lignite were blended with bituminous coals emit a larger amount of NOx than that of the dried coal alone. NOx emissions decrease with the increase of the proportion of dried coal in the blending coal. Moreover, the unburned carbon concentration in fly ash of dried coal in staged combustion is lower than that of BRXL lignite in staged combustion. On the whole, the dried coal of BRXL lignite is conducive to NOx reduction in staged combustion.     

天然气锅炉NOx及CO排放控制试验研究

为了响应政府业及民用天然气锅炉达到超低氮排放,要求绝大多数天然气锅炉采用低氮燃烧器+烟气再循环系统的技术路线,实施后普遍出现NO_x、CO含量偏高、炉膛振动较大等问题。借助116 MW天然气锅炉进行试验研究,研究了燃烧器燃料配比、燃烧火焰长度、助燃空气氧含量三个因素对NO_x及CO的影响,并对投入烟气再循环前后炉膛振动情况进行了检测。试验表明:燃烧器燃料内外配比对NO_x、CO生成影响较大,两者呈现相反趋势变化;燃烧火焰长度对NO_x生成影响较大,对CO含量影响较小;助燃空气氧含量对NO_x、CO生成以及锅炉振动影响较大。三种影响因素相比,助燃空气氧含量影响更为突出。