新型热释电材料及其在红外探测器中的应用

以(1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3{PMNT[(1-x)/x}为代表的大尺寸、高质量弛豫铁电单晶具有非常高的热释电系数、探测优值和较低的热扩散系数,其综合热释电性能远优于传统的热释电材料.概述了PMNT[(1-x)/x]单晶、掺锰PMNT(74/26)单晶和0.42Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)...     

PZT热释电红外探测器

讨论了锆太酸铅(PZT)热释电材料的选择原则,介绍了Zr/Ti为94/6的PZT热释电陶瓷材料的制作,并以此材料为敏感元制作成PZT红外探测器。对其基本结构、制作时存在的问题进行了研究。所制作的探测器D(500K,10Hz) 为5.7×10~8cmhz~(?)/W不仅可用于一般的热辐射探测,还可用于强辐射(如激光)的测量。     

新型热释电单晶材料与红外探测器的研究

主要阐述了当前热释电红外探测器的发展状况,并重点介绍了我国尤其是我们在新型热释电材料以及红外探测器方面的主要进展和成果。弛豫铁电单晶是一类具有优异压电性能的新型材料,同时我们发现该类晶体还具有优异的热释电性能。我们所生长的PMNT单晶的热释电系数超过15.3×10^-4cm^-2.K^-1,Mn-PMNT的介电损耗降至0.0005,探测优值达到40.2×10^-5Pa^-1/2,高居里温度点单晶PIMNT的居里温度达到180℃以上。与合作单位一起利用该类晶体研制的红外探测器的性能远优于利用传统热释电材料（如LiTaO₃）制作的探测器,其比探测率达到1.07×10⁹ cm·Hz^1/2/·W^-1,说明利用该新型弛豫铁电单晶制作的红外探测器具有广阔的应用前景。     

热释电红外探测器研究

热释电红外探测器广泛应用于激光与辐射测量。文章描述了平面型红外热释电探测器的工作原理和适用于红外测试的探测器结构,介绍了探测器主要性能参数的测量,最后给出了平面型探测器与空腔型探测器的比对试验结果.     

热释电红外探测器的元器件(一) 热释电红外探测器综述

红外线检测技术最早是为科学研究和军事用途而研发的。随着半导体生产技术及新型材料的发展、生产成本不断下降,各种廉价的红外线传感器相继问世,它们逐步被应用于工业生产、农林业、水产业、医学、环境保护及民用产品中。凡是存在于自然界的物体,例如人体、火焰、冰等都会辐射     

薄膜型热释电红外探测器的发展

介绍了薄膜型热释电红外探测器的性能特点和工作原理。从材料选择,器件结构和制备工艺综述了近几年国内外的研究成果及发展动态,并对器件的主要应用进行了总结。     

热释电材料及其应用

对热释电材料进行了分类 ,对热释电材料、热释电传感器、热释电探测器的性能作了介绍 ,提出了一些改进热释电材料性能的方法 ,对热释电材料的研究现状和应用前景作了探讨。     

热释电探测器及其应用

详细论述了热释电探测器的工作原理，推导出探测器电流响应率、电压响应率、等效噪声功率和探测率的解析表达式，得出了电压响应率、电流响应率与斩波频率的关系。给出热释电材料的选择原则，介绍了热释电探测器的目前应用领域及未来可能的应用领域。     

High electric-field-induced strain beahvior of single-crystal Pb(Mg<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>)O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-xPbTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> multilayer piezoelectric actuators

Two 10-mm-long multilayer prototype actuators were fabricated by a stack method using 55 pieces of 5 mm×5 mm×0.15 mm Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (PMNT) single crystals and PZT-5A ceramics, respectively. The strain values for PMNT multilayer piezoelectric actuators are twice those of PZT-5A multilayer actuators, and 20.8-μm displacements can be achieved at the same E-field of 15 kV/cm. Although thermal and electrical history markedly impact dielectric and piezoelectric performance of PMNT crystals, the PMNT multilayer actuator can still achieve large displacements with approximately linear behavior below 60°C. Broad stable dynamic displacement characteristic and fast displacement response make the new-type actuators promising candidates for the application in new-generation high-performance solid-state actuators.     

Rare-earth-modified Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6, ferroelectric crystals and their applications as infrared detectors

Rare-earth-modified ferroelectric crystals with the formula (Sr_1−xBa_x)1− 3y/2 R_yNb2₂O₆, where R = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, and Lu, have Been prepared and studied. When R = La, Nd, x ≃ .5 and y = 0.02, the modified material, at room temperature, exhibited twice the pyroelectric coefficient and four times the dielectric constant of the unmodified Sr_1−xBa_xNb₂O₆ (x ≃ .5). Curie temperatures decreased, dielectric constants increased, while loss factor and detector signal-to-noise ratios remained nearly the same with the addition of rare earth doping. The calculated response based on the measured properties agree with the measured response of actual detectors. These properties suggested that the modified SBN are good materials for small element or array pyroelectric infrared detector applications.     

New dielectric material system of Nd(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–CaTiO3 at microwave frequency

The microwave dielectric properties of (1 − x)CaTiO₃–xNd(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ (0.1  x  1.0) ceramics prepared by the conventional solid state method have been investigated. The system forms a solid solution throughout the entire compositional range. The dielectric constant decreases from 152 to 27 as x varies from 0.1 to 1.0. In the (1 − x)CaTiO₃–xNd(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ system, the microwave dielectric properties can be effectively controlled by varying the x value. At 1400 °C, 0.1CaTiO₃–0.9Nd(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ has a dielectric constant (ε_r) of 42, a Q × f value of 35 000 GHz and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) of −10 ppm/°C. As the content of Nd(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ increases, the highest Q × f value of 43 000 GHz for x = 0.9 is achieved at the sintering temperature 1500 °C.     

Preparation of α-alumina/polymethacrylic acid composite abrasive and its CMP performance on glass substrate

Chemical mechanic polishing (CMP) has become a widely accepted global planarization technology. Abrasive is one of key elements during CMP process. α-Alumina particles, as a kind of widely used abrasive in CMP slurries, often cause surface defects due to its high hardness and agglomeration. In order to enhance the dispersion stability and prevent agglomeration of pure alumina abrasives in CMP, α-alumina grafted with polymethacrylic acid (α-Al₂O₃-g-PMAA) composite abrasives was prepared and characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Mastersizer 2000 instrument and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the prepared α-Al₂O₃-g-PMAA composite abrasives have better dispersion stability than pure α-Al₂O₃ abrasives. The CMP performances of the α-Al₂O₃-g-PMAA composite abrasives on glass substrate were investigated by SPEEDFAM-16B-4M CMP equipment with different process parameters. By using the optimum process parameters, the prepared abrasives exhibit better glass substrate CMP performance than pure α-Al₂O₃ abrasives. Further, the CMP mechanism of glass substrate was deduced preliminarily.     

钙钛矿型铌锌酸铅陶瓷材料合成及其性能

用Ｘ射线衍射和差热分析研究了铌锌酸铅Ｐｂ〔（Ｚｎ０．７Ｍｇ０．３）１／３Ｎｂ２／３〕Ｏ３陶瓷材料普通合成法和两种铌铁矿先驱体合成法的合成机理。研究表明，该材料的合成过程中，首先生成焦绿石相然后在较高温度生成钙钛矿相，先驱体法可以明显抑制焦绿石相的生成并使其反应温度向高温推迟，从而可以明显提高钙钛矿的产率。而简单先驱体法（ＰｂＯ＋ＺＮ＋ＭＮ）比复合先驱体法（ＰｂＯ＋ＺＭＮ）具有更好的合成效果。采用简单先驱体法通过合适的合成工艺可以制得钙钛矿含量大于９５％的Ｐｂ〔（Ｚｎ０．７Ｍｇ０．３）１／３Ｎｂ２／３〕Ｏ３陶瓷材料，其介电温谱具有明显的弥散性，为无序铁电陶瓷材料。研究发现，差热分析作为判断焦绿石和钙钛矿反应温度的重要依据，可以用于铌锌酸铅系陶瓷材料钙钛矿的合成研究。     

Microstructure and domain configurations in ferroelectric PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin fims

Ferroelectric domain configurations in PbTiO₃ and Pb(Zr_xT_1−x)O₃ (PZT, x = 0.3 or 0.5) thin films have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The PbTiOg and PZT thin films have been deposited by the ionized cluster beam technique and radio frequency sputtering, respectively. The grain size in these thin films is typically less than 0.5 μm. Lamellar 90°-domain features have been observed in both PbTiO₃ and PZT (30/70) samples. The domain walls correspond to the {011} twin boundaries. La-doping and Ca-modification are shown to affect the microstructure of the PZT films. No clear domain feature occurs in the PZT thin film that has composition near the morphotropic phase boundary. The effects of grain sizes are briefly discussed.     

Elaboration and characterization of a KCl single crystal doped with nanocrystalsof a Sb2O3 semiconductor

Undoped and doped KCl single crystals have been successfully elaborated via the Czochralski（Cz） method.The effects of dopant Sb₂O₃ nanocrystals on structural and optical properties were investigated by a number of techniques,including X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy dispersive X-ray（EDAX） analysis,UV-visible and photoluminescence（PL） spectrophotometers.An XRD pattern of KCl:Sb₂O₃ reveals that the Sb₂O₃ nanocrystals are in the well-crystalline orthorhombic phase.The broadening of diffraction peaks indicated the presence of a Sb₂O₃ semiconductor in the nanometer size regime.The shift of absorption and PL peaks is observed near 334 nm and 360 nm respectively due to the quantum confinement effect in Sb₂O₃ nanocrystals.Particle sizes calculated from XRD studies agree fairly well with those estimated from optical studies.An SEM image of the surface KCl:Sb₂O₃ single crystal shows large quasi-spherical of Sb₂O₃ crystallites scattered on the surface.The elemental analysis from EDAX demonstrates that the KCl:Sb₂O₃ single crystal is slightly rich in oxygen and a source of excessive quantities of oxygen is discussed.     

The growth of low dislocation density Sr1−x,Bax Nb2O6 crystals

The dislocation structures of both pure and Nd doped strontium barium niobate crystals, grown by the Czochralski method, were studied using an etch pit technique. It was determined that dislocations in the boule were being propagated from the seed and were confined to the center of the crystal. Typical dislocation density was 5x10⁴ cm⁻². Through the careful control of growth parameters and use of seed material cut from the dislocation free outer portion of a crystal, it was possible to grow crystals with very low dislocation densities, 1x10² cm⁻², and on occasion dislocation free crystals.     

微波法制备高活性H1-xSr2Nb3-xMoxO10 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) 光催化剂

通过微波辅助法制备出高活性H1-xSr2Nb3-xMoxO10光催化材料,制备过程和时间均被大大缩短。采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外-可见吸收吸收光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等表征其材料性能。考察了催化材料在40W汞灯辐照下催化降解甲基橙的催化性能。实验结果表明,MoO3的掺入量为15%（摩尔分数）时,材料的光催化性能最优。