Al-6.1Zn-2.6Mg-1.6Cu 铝合金的回归再时效热处理

The effects of the retrogression temperature and time of retrogression and re-aging heat treatment(RRA) on the hardness and electrical conductivity of Al-6.1Zn-2.6Mg-1.6Cu aluminum alloy were studied. Samples were pre-aged at 120℃ for 24h as the first-stage treatment. Then, retrogression was performed at a temperature range of 170～250℃ for times of between 1min and 180min, followed by re-aging at 120℃ for 24h. Hardness (H) and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements were used to characterize the samples after RRA treatment. Analysis of the results shows: (1)The re-aging treatment at 120℃ for 24 h increases both H and EC of the retrogressed alloy in the RRA process;(2) RRA with retrogression at higher than 200℃ result in EC higher than that of peak-aged, but H lower; The change of H and EC with respect to retrogression temperature (T) and time (t) can be seen as functions of H (t) = H0 A1e(-t/s) ,EC(t) =A(1-e(-k·(t-Xc)));(3) RRA treatments with retrogression at 190℃ for 4～30min result in H and EC which are both higher than those of the peak-aged temper, and retrogression at 190℃for 30min is the industrial application that yields H of 190 HV and EC of 33.5%IACS.     

固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用不同的固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu(质量分数,%)合金进行热处理,然后在(150℃/10 h)条件下进行时效处理,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、维氏硬度与极化曲线测试,研究固溶温度对挤压态合金显微组织、硬度与腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:固溶处理促进晶界处的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相充分溶入α-Mg基体中。提高固溶温度使基体晶粒再结晶长大,逐渐缩小T-MgAlCuZn相心部的Cu元素富集区,改变β析出相的形态和分布,促进层片状β相在α-Mg晶界析出,从而提高时效态合金的硬度。但固溶温度超过420℃时,合金晶粒粗化并发生过烧。固溶温度升高导致合金腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速率加快。     

时效处理对Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-1.8Cu-0.12Zr合金超声铸锭轧件组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响

分别采用T6、T73和RRA 3种时效制度对超声铸造Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-1.8Cu-0.12Zr铝合金热轧板进行时效处理,研究时效制度对材料的组织、力学性能与耐腐蚀性能的影响,并与未经超声熔体处理的合金热轧板进行对比。结果表明:对于超声铸造Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-1.8Cu-0.12Zr铝合金的热轧板,与T6时效态合金相比,T73时效态合金的抗腐蚀性能较好,但强度显著降低,RRA状态的合金强度与T6态合金相当,抗腐蚀性能显著提高;相对于未经超声熔体处理的合金,在超声波的空化、声流和机械振动效应的作用下,铸态合金的合金元素固溶度以及基体空位浓度都增加,在其组织遗传效应的影响下,采用相同时效工艺处理后合金中析出相的分布更加均匀但出现部分粗化现象,均匀分布的细小析出相对合金的强度有积极影响,粗化的析出相对合金的强度不利,但能提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

Al-7.5Zn-1.6Mg-1.4Cu合金的均匀化处理

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析和差示扫描量热分析等研究了Al-7.5Zn-1.6Mg-1.4Cu合金铸态与均匀化态的显微组织演化与元素分布,确定了该合金的均匀化温度与过烧温度。结果表明,合金铸态组织中存在严重的枝晶偏析,经470℃保温24h后,枝晶网络变稀,共晶相与η相回溶至基体,偏析基本消除。470℃保温24h是该合金较为理想的均匀化工艺。     

Phase transformation of Zn-4Al-3Cu alloy during heat treatment

The phase transformation in Zn-4 Al-3 Cu alloy employing various solution-treatment temperatures (230 °C to 325 °C) was studied by means of microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The starting microstructure of the as-cast Zn-4Al-3Cu alloy consists of an α phase (aluminum-rich, fcc structure) in the η matrix (zinc-rich, h.c.p. structure) prior to solution-treatment. A platelike ε phase with 3-μm length and 0.5-μm thickness was found in the η phase matrix after solution-treating the as-cast material at 240 °C for 1 hour. The ε phase was then dissolved gradually back into the η matrix above that temperature. A four-phase transformation, α + ε → T′ + η, was observed from the temperature 250 °C to 310 °C, wherein the T′ phase formed at the interface of ε platelet and η phase matrix. This T′ phase was further identified as a rhombohedral structure. As the solution-treatment temperature was increased to above 310 °C, the ε phase was completely dissolved back into the η matrix and numerous β phase particles were distributed uniformly in the η matrix. The β phase subsequently decomposed at room temperature to a fine α phase embedded in the η matrix. For the materials solution-treated above 250 °C, the microhardness of the η matrix increased in 40 minutes during natural aging, which was associated with the formation of fine ε phase of 0.15-μm diameter. The orientation relationship between this fine ε phase and η phase was determined as .     

Hot deformation behavior and processing map of Mg-2Zn-1Al-0.2RE alloy

In this study,uniaxial hot compression tests were carried out between 200 and 400℃ over strain rates of0.001-1 s~(-1) to investigate the hot deformation behavior of Mg-2 Zn-1 Al-0.2 RE alloy with coarse grains.The average activation energy was measured to be 174.51 kJ/mol.In addition,a constitutive relation based on the Arrhenius equation was established.Dynamic recrystallization(DRX) kinetics were studied by Avrami equation to characterize the evolution of DRX volume fraction.DRX was favored at high temperatures of 300-400℃ and low strain rates of 0.001-0.01 s~(-1).According to dynamic material model and Prasad's instability criterion,a maximum power dissipation of 38% and 32% occurs at 400℃/0.001 s~(-1) and 400℃/0.01 s~(-1),respectively.According to the proce ssing map,330-400℃/0.001-0.01 s~(-1)was determined as the optimum deformation parameter range.     

Homogenization heat treatment of Mg-7.68Gd-4.88Y-1.32Nd-0.63Al-0.05Zr alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-7.68Gd-4.88Y-1.32Nd-0.63A1-0.05Zr magnesium alloy were investigated both in the as-cast condition and after homogenization heat treatment from 535 to 555 ℃ in the time range 0-48 h by op- tical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness measurement. The as-cast alloy consisted of ct-Mg matrix, Mgs（Y0.5Gd0.5） phase which is a eutectic phase, strip of Al2（Y0.6Gd0.4） phase, little A13Zr and Mg（Y3Gd） phase. With the increasing of homogenization temperature and time, the Mgs（Y0.5Gd0.5） phase was completely dissolved into the matrix. The Al2（Y0.6Gd0.4） phase was almost not dissolved which impeded grain boundaries motion making the grain size almost not changed in the process of ho- mogenization. The optimum homogenization condition was 545 ℃/16 h. The tensile strength increased, yield strength decreased and the plasticity improved obviously after 545 ℃/16 h homogenization treatment.     

C17510弹性合金的固溶时效与组织性能的研究

采用OM、SEM、XRD和TEM分析手段对C17510合金的固溶时效与组织性能进行研究.结果表明,冷轧态C17510合金的合理固溶处理温度为950℃.时效态C17510合金的硬度与时间呈单峰型曲线,合金的电导率与时间呈先剧增,后缓慢增大,最后趋于稳定的趋势.冷轧态C17510合金经950℃×0.5 h固溶处理+525℃×4 h时效处理后,其维氏硬度为231,电导率为56%IACS.     

固溶时效处理对Al-6.6Zn-2.3Mg-2.1Cu-0.12Zr合金组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、硬度测试、电导率测试和室温拉伸性能测试等分析手段,研究了Al-6.6Zn-2.3Mg-2.1Cu-0.12Zr合金挤压板带固溶、单级时效和双级时效制度下的组织和性能。研究表明,Al-6.6Zn-2.3Mg-2.1Cu-0.12Zr合金挤压板带采用475℃/2 h的固溶处理制度,析出相回溶充分,无过烧现象;合金采用475℃/2 h+120℃/24 h的T6时效处理制度,晶内析出相细小弥散,晶界析出相连续分布;合金采用475℃/2 h+110℃/8 h+160℃/28 h的T74双级固溶时效处理制度,晶内析出相以η’和η为主,晶界析出物完全断开。     

喷射沉积Zn-38Al-2Cu合金微观形貌和摩擦磨损性能研究

通过SEM和TEM观察发现:喷射沉积制备的Zn-38Al-2Cu合金沉积坯具有细小均匀的微观组织结构,无严重偏析,结合XRD分析可知,合金组成主要为类片状珠光体的α+η片层状共析组织以及少量弥散分布的纳米级富铜ε相沉淀颗粒.通过挤压和热处理工艺,可以完全消除沉积过程中形成的大量孔洞,显著改善合金的力学性能.摩擦实验发现,Zn-38Al-2Cu合金的摩擦系数随着摩擦荷载的增加而减小,随着摩擦速度的增大而增大.当荷载较低时,主要呈现犁削磨损;而荷载较大时,碾压磨损和粘着磨损占主导地位.与普通铸造态合金相比,喷射沉积+挤压+热处理大大提高了合金的耐磨性能.     

Al-3Si-0.6Mg-(Cu,Mn)合金薄板的组织性能

采用拉伸试验、金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜高分辨组织分析方法,研究了水冷铜模铸造的扁锭轧制的Al-3.0Si-0.6Mg-0.4Cu-0.6Mn-0.18Fe合金薄板经400℃至540℃不同温度保温30 min水淬、室温停放90 d(自然时效)后的组织和性能.结果表明:在6009合金基础上提高Si的质量分数至3%,有提高其强度的作用;该合金薄板经540℃×30 min固溶处理自然时效后屈服强度为180 MPa、抗拉强度为313 MPa、延伸率接近23%,其组织中存在Si结晶相及含Fe、Mn和少量Cu、Si的结晶相,以及尺寸小于0.5μm的以含Mn为主并含少量Si和Fe的弥散相;提高其固溶处理温度至540℃,合金薄板的强度明显提高,其原因是析出强化产物尺寸增大,密度提高了.     

形变热处理对Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce合金微观组织及性能的影响

设计并制备 Cu-6.5Ni-1Al-1Si-0.15Mg-0.15Ce(wt.%)合金。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析和透射电镜(TEM)等测试手段研究合金形变热处理过程中微观组织及性能的变化。合金铸态组织为典型的枝晶组织,铸锭经过920℃热轧后,枝晶组织显著消除。合金的适宜固溶处理制度为960℃/4 h。该合金固溶处理后的冷变形对合金最终性能有很大影响。冷变形程度越大,合金达到硬度峰值的时间越短,硬度峰值和电导率越高。时效温度越高,时效析出过程越快。960℃固溶4 h后冷轧50%,450℃时效2 h硬度峰值可达300.8 HV,电导率20.6%IACS,抗拉强度963.9 MPa,屈服强度950.1 MPa。合金在时效过程中析出纳米级粒子为δ-Ni2Si,其与基体的位相关系为：Cuδ[001][001], Cuδ(110)(010), Cuδ(110)(100)。     

搅拌摩擦加工及后续热处理对7B04-O铝合金组织和硬度的影响

对7B04-O铝合金进行搅拌摩擦加工,对不同旋转速度参数下获得的7B04-O铝合金搅拌区的组织和硬度进行研究,同时利用后续热处理改善搅拌区的组织和硬度.研究表明,搅拌摩擦加工导致搅拌区的晶粒细化,硬度提升.不同的旋转速度会对后续热处理造成影响.采用低转速时,后续热处理不能进一步提高搅拌区的硬度;而采用高转速时,搅拌区的硬度则可以通过后续热处理得到提升.采用O态铝合金作为母材时,基体内的原始析出强化相尺寸粗大,热稳定性较高,难以在搅拌摩擦加工过程中充分溶解.通过提高转速来增加加工热输入可以增加析出相的溶解量,有利于后续热处理对组织和硬度的改善.     

预变形对Al-3.7Cu-1.6Mg合金断裂韧性的影响

对固溶–淬火处理后的Al-3.7Cu-1.6Mg合金板材进行变形量分别为0、5%和10%的预拉伸处理,然后置于空气中进行自然时效,研究预变形对Al-3.7Cu-1.6Mg合金自然时效态的硬度、室温拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)观察合金的显微组织及断口形貌,研究其断裂机理。结果表明:该合金在淬火后引入预拉伸变形,可显著提高其自然时效态的硬度和屈服强度,同时抑制GPB区的形成,降低时效析出速率,并使峰时效时间延长;随预变形量从0增加至10%,Al-3.7Cu-1.6Mg合金的断裂韧性降低,这主要是预变形增加了基体内的位错密度,位错切割细小的GPB区粒子,大量滑移被抵消,造成变形过程中局部应力集中,从而形成微裂纹;由断口分析可知该合金的断裂类型为穿晶韧窝型断裂,且随预变形程度增大,韧窝直径和深度均增大。     

固溶处理对Al-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金组织性能的影响

对汽车车身板用Al-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金冷轧薄板进行了固溶处理,研究了固溶温度、时间对第二相、晶粒及成形性能的影响规律.结果表明:在500～555℃之间进行固溶处理时,固溶温度升高,基体中残留的第二相数量逐渐减少,而再结晶晶粒尺寸形态变化不大;合金板材的强度和延伸率单调增大,,IE单调减小,n,r15变化不大.1.2 mm厚的冷轧合金薄板在540℃固溶处理时,保温时间需接近30 min才可使其具有良好的成形性,继续延长保温时间至180 min其成形性能变化不大.1.2 mm厚的A1-1.5Si-1.2Mg-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金冷轧薄板合适的固溶处理温度为540℃,保温时间应接近30 min.常规T4状态的6xxx系铝合金薄板直接在汽车厂冲压成形后的烤漆涂装处理并不能起到提高车身构件强度的作用.     

热处理工艺对Cu-Ni-Si合金组织与性能的影响

采用3种不同的工艺(直接在450℃下进行时效处理;80%冷轧,然后在450℃下进行时效处理;600℃/8 h高温预时效+80%冷轧+780℃/2 min+450℃/16 h终时效)对固溶处理后的Cu-2.0Ni-0.34Si-Mg合金进行形变热处理,研究形变热处理工艺对该合金的组织与硬度及电导率的影响。结果表明:采用第3种工艺对合金进行形变热处理,由于其中的短时高温预处理可以获得溶质原子充分固溶的过饱和固溶体,因此终时效后的合金具有最佳的综合性能,显微硬度为180 HV,相对电导率为49.8%IACS,伸长率为13%。合金的平均晶粒尺寸约为20μm,主要析出强化相为δ-Ni2Si。     

镍铬轴承合金固溶时效态组织特征与力学性能

研究了00Cr40Ni55Al3Ti轴承合金固溶态和时效态的组织特征及硬度变化规律。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,α-Cr相析出数量呈下降趋势,在1 200℃时α-Cr相尺寸最小,面积分数仅为8.45%;高于1 200℃时,α-Cr相尺寸逐渐增大,数量减少。固溶处理后冷却速度越快,α-Cr相析出数量越少,硬度降低;固溶温度在1 190～1 210℃之间以138℃/s进行冷却,经600℃×6 h时效处理后,硬度超过59.7HRC,合金微观组织主要由球状α-Cr相和均匀片层组织及弥散分布其中的纳米级γ′相组成,硬度较为均匀。1 200℃固溶处理以138℃/s进行冷却,经550℃保温6 h后,00Cr40Ni55Al3Ti合金显微组织为球状α-Cr相、片层组织和非片层组织,非片层组织面积分数约为32.21%,片层组织硬度达703HV,非片层组织硬度为249HV;当时效温度为600和650℃时,时效时间在5～7 h范围内,显微组织为均匀分布的片层组织和球状α-Cr相,硬度为676HV～712HV。00Cr40Ni55Al3Ti轴承合金在1 190～1 210℃之间进行固溶处理后快速冷却(冷却速...     

Effect of microelements on microstructures and properties of Al-1. 2Mg-1. 3Si-0. 6Cu-0. 3Mn alloy

In order to save energy and protect environmentin automobile industry, one of the important methodsis to reduce the automotive weight[1 ～4]. Since the a-luminum alloys showsuch as high specific strength,good formability, good corrosion resistance, and re-cycling potential, they are said to be the ideal candi-date to replace heavier materials in the automotiveindustry[5 ～7].Recently, the heat -treatable 6000series aluminum alloys have been considered as theperfect light-weight material for au…     

Cu含量对Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn薄板成形性及烤漆硬化性的影响

采用拉伸、杯突实验结合DSC分析系统研究了Cu含量对汽车车身用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-(0.1~0.7)Cu-0.6Mn合金T4态薄板各类成形性指标及模拟烤漆处理后性能变化的影响规律.结果表明:随着Cu含量增加,T4态合金板材的强度单调增大,n值呈现出略有增大的趋势,延伸率、r值变化规律不明显,IE值单调下降,板材的拉胀成形性能变差;随着Cu含量增加,T4态合金板材烤漆前后的强度均单调增大,但合金板材模拟烤漆后表现出烤漆软化现象,且其软化量随Cu含量增加而逐渐增大,说明Cu含量增加不利于铝板烘烤硬化性能的发挥.     

低温回归再时效对7B04-T651铝合金厚板组织与性能的影响

研究了回归及回归再时效处理对7B04铝合金预拉伸厚板的显微组织、力学性能及电导率的影响.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了回归再时效合金的微观组织,并对合金进行了力学性能及电导率测试.结果表明:采用合适的回归再时效工艺(180℃/1h,水淬+120℃/22h)可使材料具有接近T6态合金强度的同时,电导率大幅度提升,达21.0MS·m^-1;此时,合金晶内组织与T6状态相似,析出相细小呈弥散分布,而晶界组织与双级T74时效组织特征相似,晶界析出相粗大呈不连续分布,晶界两侧伴之以明显的晶界无析出带.