某档案馆空调系统测试与能耗分析

为了掌握档案馆空调系统的实际运行与能耗状况,对其空调系统进行了夏季能耗测试。根据实测结果,分析了空调系统主要组成部分的电耗、冷水机组和空调水系统的能效、室内热环境状况。研究表明,该档案馆空调系统存在设计选型偏大、设备运行效率低、系统结构不合理、运行管理不规范等诸多问题,在分析测试与调研结果的基础上,针对其空调系统设计及运行中存在的问题,提出了空调系统节能运行管理的若干建议,阐明了节能技术在公共建筑空调系统中的节能潜力是十分巨大的。     

冷水机组运行性能检测及评价探讨

冷水机组是集中空调系统的关键能耗设备,其运行性能直接关系到空调系统的实际能耗。因受到诸多因素的影响,冷水机组运行工况往往偏离名义工况,其性能的检测与评价与名义工况不同。梳理汇总了相关研究和标准情况,对冷水机组运行性能检测和评价进行了探讨。     

基于能耗监管平台的现有医院空调系统运行节能优化

基于上海某医院能耗监管平台数据,利用EnergyPlus软件建立了该医院门诊楼建筑模型和空调系统模型,并验证了该模型的准确性。对该医院集中式空调系统运行策略进行优化分析,结果表明：当室内负荷低于冷水机组总额定制冷量80%时,负荷分配优化运行方案节能率最高,达到9.7%;当室内负荷高于冷水机组总额定制冷量80%时,机组联合运行并采用负荷平均分配时比一台机组满负荷运行另一台机组部分负荷运行时节能,节能率为1.5%～3.7%。分析了冷却水变流量对冷水机组和冷却水系统的影响及节能效果。结果表明,离心机组变流量运行时节能率达到17%,而螺杆机组在定流量45.13 kg·s⁻¹运行时比较合理和节能。     

室温传感器偏差故障对武汉地区暖通空调系统的影响研究

暖通空调系统的高效节能运行高度依赖于传感器测量的准确性。在传感器全寿命运行周期中,不可避免发生各种故障,影响其准确性。为探究传感器故障对不同暖通空调系统的影响,文章以室温传感器偏差故障为例,针对武汉地区某办公建筑,同时开展地源热泵和"冷水机组+锅炉"两种暖通空调系统形式的能耗建模,对比分析-5℃~+5℃偏差故障对两种系统运行能耗、工作性能及室内热舒适性的影响差异。结果表明:室温传感器故障的偏差幅值方向对两种系统运行能耗、工作性能及室内热舒适性的影响规律不同。其中,地源热泵系统能耗受室温传感器偏差故障影响相对更小。     

地下水在小型建筑空调中的应用研究

针对夏季空调能耗高的问题,提出了一种利用地下水作为冷媒的建筑空调方案,直接利用地下水作为冷媒,冷媒水在室内风机盘管中与室内空气进行热量交换,降低室内温度,结合房顶喷淋降低房顶表面温度,以减小热负荷;通过工程实例的计算分析可以看出:与传统空调冷水机组相比,地下水空调系统节能效果达74%,系统简单,维护方便。     

可变压缩比变频螺杆机节能特性分析

<正>建筑物在夏季45%~50%的电能都用于空调制冷,其中冷水机组能耗又占到空调能耗的40%以上,因此冷水主机的节能是空调系统乃至建筑能源系统的重点。一般空调系统的设计以满负载需求选配冷水机,而实际运行中,机组满负荷运行的机率很低。如何使冷水主机在最优化的情况运行,是可变压缩比式变频螺杆机市场需求的发展趋势,该技术核心为可变容比压缩机与压缩机变频,目前可变压缩比式变频螺杆机在满载COP与整合部分负载效率(IPLV),已接近小型磁浮式离心机水平。     

亚热带地区户式化热湿解耦分控方法研究

根据亚热带地区气候对该地区中小型建筑室内环境的影响,本文研究提出基于单一冷源的户式化温湿度解耦分控空调系统用冷水机组。通过实验方法对该冷水机组不同压缩机运行频率下的运行特性进行了分析,得到不同压缩机频率下显热、潜热冷量的分配。基于获得的新型户式化热湿分控空调系统的运行特性,提出了利用人工神经网络(ANN)建立新型户式化温湿度解耦分控算法以及用于控制的系统ANN模型,为实现中小型建筑室内温湿度解耦分控提供了新的解决方案。     

公共机构夏季空调负荷特性与影响因素研究

当前,公共机构能耗居高不下,其中夏季空调的制冷能耗占据了很大的比例。为了更好地了解公共机构夏季空调的负荷特性以及相关影响因素,对华北地区某办公建筑夏季空调系统运行情况进行了实际监测,分析了该系统冷负荷日、周及年变化特点,通过多项式拟合与正交试验的方法得出建筑冷负荷受室外干球温度的影响较大,建筑日总负荷受日平均温度的影响较大,建筑负荷特性影响因素的排序为:干球温度室内人员在室率相对湿度。     

超市空调室内设计参数与总能耗分析

针对目前室内设计温、湿度对超市环境舒适性影响的研究较少,以及在超市能耗的研究中,对超市空调和制冷的相互作用的忽视甚至误解的现状,本文将综合分析超市室内温度、相对湿度对超市环境舒适性、超市空调能耗、陈列柜能耗的影响,找出上海超市夏季空调最佳温、湿度设定点。     

一次泵变速变流量系统的最优化运行

以冷却泵、冷冻泵和冷水机组总能耗最小为最优化目标,取冷却水流量率、冷水出口温度和冷水流量率为优化参数,建立一次泵变速变流量系统总能耗优化模型,利用MATLAB编制了负荷率为80%的某实际制冷系统的优化程序。结果表明,负荷减少时合理控制运行参数可降低空调系统运行费用。     

VRV空调系统的节能性研究与应用

介绍VRV空调系统的特点及发展状况,特别从传热介质、设计理念创新等不同角度分析了该系统的运行节能因素,并且对变频控制热泵式VRV空调系统的节能性能和冬、夏季的运行特性作了一系列实验研究,从而分析了影响室内机制冷量、制热量以及室外机组功率的因素。通过具体的实例分析,对VRV空调系统与常规的空调系统在节能性能方面进行了比较,最后提出了该系统有待解决的一些问题,并对这种系统产品的应用与前景进行了简单的阐述。     

变频控制热泵式VRV空调机组运行特性与节能性能实验研究

本文对变频控制热泵式VRV空调系统冬夏季运行特性和节能性能作了一系列实验研究，分析了影响室内机制冷(热)量、机组功率的因素，得到了VRV空调系统的部分负荷运转特性，并在节能性能方面与普通风冷热泵冷热水机组作了比较，证明该空调机组比普通风冷热泵冷热水机组节能。     

吸湿供冷系统的空气处理方式分析

温度和新风量的大小在影响室内环境的舒适性方面起着重要的作用。为了改善室内空调环境，ASHRAB规定设计温度应该保持在30％-60％之间，且需要把原有的设计新风量增大2倍至4倍。显然，降低温度和增大新风会加大空调的冷负荷，传统的空调供冷系统在满足上述条件方面显示出了自身的一些缺点。吸温供冷系统把除温和冷却降温供冷解耦分开处理．不但能把空气温度处理到一个比较低的程度，而且在节能方面也显示出很大的潜力。对吸温供冷系统的几种空气处理方式进行了分析和比较，从而可根据不同的情况为吸温供冷系统的使用选择比较理想的空气处理方式，以达到节能目的。     

高湿度地区某整理车间蒸发冷却空调系统设计分析

江阴市某纺织品整理车间设计空调系统,对车间进行降温,改善工人工作环境。针对达到规范所要求的室内温湿度和适当放宽室内温湿度(在人体舒适区域内)时,提出蒸发冷却与机械制冷相结合的空调方案及蒸发冷却空调方案,并根据各自方案的特点、风量及制冷量等情况,得出应用蒸发冷却空调的可行性,最后根据此车间的特点,对方案进行优化,使得蒸发冷却与工位送风相结合,初投资和运行费用更低、节能效果更加显著。     

Solar hybrid air-conditioning system for high temperature cooling in subtropical city

Although solar energy is able to power the heat-driven refrigeration, its contribution is quite limited due to the conventional cooling requirement. In building air-conditioning, it is common to supply low temperature chilled water, usually in 5–7 °C. If this temperature can be elevated, it would enhance the effectiveness to harness solar energy and minimize auxiliary heating. Solar refrigeration would then be more effective through high temperature cooling, by providing 15–18 °C chilled water instead. In such provision, radiant ceiling cooling can be coupled to handle the space cooling load, particularly space sensible load. And the space latent load and ventilation load are handled by a separate dehumidification provision, like the heat-driven desiccant dehumidification. Therefore, a solar hybrid air-conditioning system is formulated, using adsorption refrigeration, chilled ceilings and desiccant dehumidification. In this study, the year-round performances of the proposed solar hybrid air-conditioning systems were evaluated for two typical office types. The performance metrics include the solar fraction, coefficient of performance, solar thermal gain, primary energy consumption and indoor conditions. Comparative study was conducted for the hybrid air-conditioning system worked with the three common types of chilled ceilings, namely the chilled panels, passive chilled beams and active chilled beams. The solar hybrid air-conditioning system was also benchmarked with the conventional vapour compression refrigeration for office use. It is found that the proposed solar hybrid air-conditioning system is technically feasible through high temperature cooling. Among the three types of chilled ceilings, the passive chilled beams is the most energy-efficient option to work with the solar adsorption refrigeration for space conditioning in the subtropical city.     

商场照明节能潜力及其对空调能耗的影响

分析了商场照明现状及其节能潜力,深入探讨了商场中央空调动态冷负荷的特征并指出照明对于空调冷源全年能耗的影响可达4 0 % ,说明高效照明措施对于照明节能和空调节能均具有重要意义。     

The analysis of energy consumption of a commercial building in Tianjin,China

According to statistics and field investigation, the energy consumption situation and reality of commercial building is described in this paper. As the first step of large-scale public building energy efficiency supervision system encouraged by central government of China, the energy consumption of several typical commercial buildings and public buildings was analyzed in detail. The main contents of investigation are as follows: basic information of building, operational record of energy consumption equipment, energy consumption of indoor equipments, energy-efficiency assessment of energy consumption systems and equipments, investigation of behavior energy saving, etc. On this basis further analysis and diagnosis including indoor thermal and humid environment, operation state of air-conditioning water system, operation state of air-conditioning duct system and operation management of air-conditioning system were implemented. The results show that the most energy consumption of buildings in this city is commercial buildings, which can reach to about 240 W/m² per year. Further analysis tells that air conditioning systems play the major role of building energy consumption, and building energy saving has great potential in this city. In this paper, the ways of diagnosis work for building energy consumption are also described and discussed. Reasonable test, diagnosis and analysis are meaningful for building energy efficiency retrofit and management.     

基于毛细管型辐射供暖与供冷系统影响因素的研究

随着建筑节能的推广和人们对室内生活舒适性要求的提高,采用一种更先进、更节能的室内空气调节系统就显得日趋重要。毛细管型辐射供暖与供冷系统因具有舒适度高、节能效果显著、节省建筑空间等的优点逐渐被广泛采用。对以毛细管为末端的毛细管型辐射供暖与供冷系统布置形式作了介绍,分析了该系统的组成及优点。以辐射供冷为例,探讨了辐射冷系统的末端一毛细管席供冷量的影响因素。     

采用室内热舒适性控制的变风量空调系统节能控制研究

在对变风量空调系统及控制系统分析的基础上,利用ＤＤＣ控制器可采集多点和多种信号的优点,提出采用室内热舒适性控制取代室内温度控制的控制方案。仿真试验结果证明,同常规的室内温度控制方案相比,室内热舒适性控制方案可以较好地改善室内的热舒适性,同时,在保证室内热舒适性前提下,采用室内热舒适性控制方案不仅能够保证控制的稳定性,而且有较好的节能作用。     

A computer study for estimation of seasonal energy consumption and selection of air-conditioner in six Saudi Arabian cities

A computer model was developed to simulate the building cooling load and the seasonal energy consumption of standard residential sized central air-conditioning systems. The model was first validated by comparing the predicted cooling energy consumption against the metered energy of a 100 m² residence. The model predicts within 10% of the metered value. The validated model was next used to compute the cooling load and seasonal energy consumption for similar 100 m² residences in six cities located in different climatic zones of Saudi Arabia. Simulations showed that the cities of Dhahran and Riyadh required a 17.6 kW system to satisfy the cooling load through the year, whereas the defined residences in the cities of Taif, Hail, Jeddah and Gizan required a 14.1 kW system. Our analysis showed that the selected residence in Gizan would consume 23,100 kWh annually, while a comparable residence located in Dhahran, having a more severe summer, required only 21,500 kWh. This difference may be explained by analysis of the weather data which revealed that Gizan required year-round cooling, whereas Dhahran needed cooling for only 283 days during the year. Investigation showed that, by selecting the next smaller capacity air-conditioning unit for each location than required to satisfy the load for 100% of the time, the annual power consumption may be reduced, on an average, by 10%, with about 7% of the hours during the cooling season when the air-conditioning load may not be satisfied.