Deeply Buried Thermoplastic Pipe Field Performance over Five Years

This paper presents the updated long-term field performance data from the thermoplastic pipe deep burial study that the writers first initiated in the summer of 1999. The data from the past four to five years are presented in terms of pipe deflections and soil pressure measured at the pipe crown. Examinations of the historic field performance data revealed pipe-soil interaction behavior that had not been reported previously. The long-term pipe performance of both polyvinyl chloride and high density polyethylene pipes installed under at least 6.1?m (20?ft) of soil fill was characterized with nearly constant deflections/circumferential shortening and fluctuating soil pressures. Review of the long-term soil pressure data revealed some interesting trends regarding the relationships among pipe material type, pipe wall design, and fill height. Detailed review of the soil pressure data also led to a reasonable speculation that the seasonal fluctuations of environmental (air temperature, soil moisture) conditions caused the fluctuations in the peripheral soil pressure. Theoretical analysis based on the full-field elastic solutions showed that the temperature most likely had a much larger influence on the soil pressure fluctuations than the changes in the soil moisture conditions.     

钢的计算机设计及冶炼成分微调

建立了设计钢号和控制冶炼成分的新公式及计算机软件，计算的端淬曲线与国内外标准中的实际数据相比较，显示了令人满意的一致性，这此公式和软件普遍适用于能淬火硬化的各碳素钢和合金钢。     

板坯连铸中间包钢液流场的数值模拟和操作优化

以济钢第一炼钢厂4#板坯连铸中间包为原型,应用湍流流动数学模型对不同堰坝设计方案进行计算机数值模拟,优化中间包的堰坝设计。结果表明,对上口面积3500 mm × 800 mm、底部面积3200 mm × 650 mm的中间包,包内钢水深度为800 mm时,当挡堰高550 mm,挡坝高350 mm,挡堰与水口入口处距离800mm,挡堰与挡坝相对距离400 mm时,钢液具有较好的流动方式,有利于夹杂物上浮。     

82B钢4道次预精轧过程的计算机模拟和分析

采用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS,通过建立的线材与轧辊的3维热机耦合模型,对钢厂82B钢(/%:0.79～0.86C、0.15～0.35Si、0.60～0.90Mn、≤0.030S、≤0.030P)φ20mm至φ16.5mm 4道次预精轧过程中轧件的温度场、应力-应变场和轧制力进行数值模拟和分析。结果表明,数值模拟结果与实测结果相符;预精轧过程轧件心部温度和表面温度的差值为～130℃;运用该模型对现场轧制过程中的前滑进行了分析,得出了影响前滑的因素主要有延伸系数、轧制孔型尺寸、轧制速度以及辊径与轧件厚度比值。     

内外复合冷却高效结晶器内钢水三维流场数值模拟

提出一种基于结晶器内钢水内外复台冷却高效连铸新技术，即在“结晶器内设置内冷却器——U型管”。采用流体力学分析软件FLUENT，分析了内置U型冷却器时结晶器内钢水的流动状态，并与无内置L型管冷却器时结晶器内钢水流动状态作比较，发现内置U型冷却器使结晶器内钢水的流动状况均匀，钢水的冲击深度减轻，有利于钢中夹杂物上浮。     

45钢中厚板矫直过程温度场有限元模拟及残余应力分析

运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了中厚板矫直过程三维热力耦合温度模型,通过对45钢中厚板的模拟仿真计算和分析,得出初始温度520℃的20 mm板和初始温度605℃的55 mm板矫直过程纵向、横向和厚度方向的温度分布和变化,并分析了20 mm板初始温度420～620℃、55 mm板初始温度505～705℃原始曲率0.07～0.20时钢板矫直初始温度和原始曲率对矫直后钢板残余应力的影响。计算结果表明,矫直前温度越低,原始曲率越大矫直后残余应力越大;520℃20 mm板矫直后温度为505.4℃,矫直力为2 161.69 kN,605℃55 mm板矫直后温度589.3℃,矫直力4 565.49 kN,其实测值分别为507℃,2 272.93 kN和591℃,4 397.94 kN。说明计算值误差较小。     

Field Measurements and Finite-Element Method Simulation of a Tunnel Shaft Constructed by Pneumatic Caisson Method in Shanghai Soft Ground

Characterized by unmanned excavation and remote controlling, the new pneumatic caisson (NPC) method has advantages in deep excavation such as deep shield tunnel shafts and some underground construction close to the existing structures or facilities. When adopted in urban areas, it is very important to control the ground deformation during a caisson construction. For this purpose, field measurements of ground deformation were conducted during a tunnel shaft construction in Shanghai soft ground, in which the NPC method was used. On the basis of the particular construction procedure of a pneumatic caisson, one kinematic mechanical model was proposed for evaluating the influence of NPC construction on the surrounding strata. This model was incorporated into a finite-element (FE) program. By comparing the FE-predicted results of the proposed model and the field measurements, the accuracy and reliability of this model were verified.     

多孔水口对轴承钢280 mm x325 mm铸坯结晶器钢液流场和温度场的影响

采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了直通式、四孔式以及五孔式水口对GCr15轴承钢280 mm×325 mm坯连铸结晶器内钢液流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,当前常用的直通式水口对坯壳无冲刷,利于坯壳均匀生长,但钢液冲击深度大,在弯月面处速度小,不利于大方坯质量的提高。当采用四孔水口时,钢液热中心上移,钢液面处温度可提高8℃,钢液向上漩流增强,有利于降低结晶器内钢水过热及保护渣的熔化,但由于钢液对结晶器宽、窄面坯壳的冲刷致使冲击区域附近坯壳出现不同程度的零增长区域。当采用五孔水口时,除了钢液热中心上移,钢液向上漩流增强,由于侧孔钢液流速减小,对坯壳的冲刷减小,有利于保护渣的快速熔化、过热度的快速降低,坯壳的均匀生长,显著提高大方坯的质量。     

热轧层流冷却集管中流场有限元模拟及冲击压力的理论计算

冷却集管及喷嘴的结构和安装对于热轧板带层流冷却效果有重要的影响。利用ANSYS有限元分析软件，对用于热轧板带层流冷却系统的U形集管和用于中厚板层流冷却系统的直集管的流场进行了三维稳态数值模拟，得到了管内流体的流动特性。同时，运用流体力学原理，对冷却管路系统进行了理论计算，得到了喷嘴出口处的水流速度以及作用于钢板表面的冲击压力。此外，利用标准C语言对计算过程编制程序。计算结果有利于提高冷却的均匀性及效率，对于层流冷却系统集管装置的设计及选型具有一定的指导作用。