基于ESO的运载火箭姿控喷管故障辨识设计及实现

针对基于喷管开关控制的运载火箭姿控系统故障,提出了一种基于控制效果的喷管故障辨识方法。在对特定喷管配置和轴对称运载火箭模型研究基础上,利用扩张状态观测器实时估计箭体所受的总力矩,进而根据估计结果进行故障判别和极性纠正。仿真结果表明,以ESO为观测器的故障辨识设计方法可有效判别出姿控喷管的极性故障,并能够通过策略设计进行极性纠正,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

人马座整流罩边界层分析

为了确定大力神/人马座运载火箭的人马座整流罩上升排气系统的排气特性,结合风洞试验完成了边界层分析研究工作。这涉及到估计局部边界层对排气孔排气的影响。边界层沿运载火箭表面的增长是受伸到弹体表面气流里突起物干扰以及运载火箭表面纵向波纹的影响。另外,在3％运载火箭模型上做了边界层计算,并与实验结果做了比较。应用控制容积的方法确定了突起物与边界层相互作用的影响。在模拟波纹影响的边界层计算中,应用表面粗糙度的方法对流过波纹的边界层增长做了计算。在马赫数从0.8到1.56的范围内,对运载火箭和模型这两种情况做了计算。分析结果与试验数据的比较表明,在超音速马赫数时有很好的一致性;而在较低马赫数时,试验和分析结果之间的一致性不是那样好。     

液体运载火箭爆炸碎片分布估计模型

利用S-Ⅳ火箭爆炸碎片数据提出了火箭爆炸碎片分布估计模型,用文献给出的几种液体火箭爆炸事故碎片数据对理论模型进行了验证。理论模型估计出的火箭爆炸碎片分布与美国几种火箭爆炸事故碎片数据吻合很好。利用提出的液体运载火箭爆炸事故碎片数据模型估算出了我国2种典型运载火箭若发生事故爆炸的碎片分布。计算数据与实际火箭爆炸碎片分布情况吻合较好,说明该模型具有良好的应用价值。     

基于Kriging模型的QPSO算法在固体运载火箭弹道优化中的应用

应用基于Kriging模型的量子粒子群优化算法研究了固体运载火箭弹道优化问题。该方法利用Kriging方法建立弹道计算近似模型,再引入量子粒子群算法建立了基于代理模型的优化框架。仿真结果表明,此方法可有效完成弹道参数寻优,箭体运载能力提高了38.46 kg,三级一次工作时间减少了27 s。此算法参数设置少,易于实现,能提高运载火箭综合性能,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于泛函序列时变自回归滑动平均模型的弹箭时变模态参数递推估计方法

随着弹簧系统朝着大型化、高速化、智能化发展,飞行状态下弹箭系统的固有特性对整体结构的影响不可忽视。针对弹箭在飞行状态下的时变模态参数辨识问题进行研究,基于泛函序列时变自回归滑动平均（FS-TARMA）模型,提出一种时变模态参数的递推估计方法。该方法采用墨西哥帽小波基作为TARMA模型时变系数的空间基底,并借鉴于无结构化TARMA模型递推估计思想,将投影参数矩阵视为振动响应数据长度的变量,实现了投影参数矩阵的递推估计。通过有限单元法建立阿里安V号芯级运载火箭时变有限元模型,对所提方法进行验证。结果表明：递推辨识方法与传统批量算法相比,在辨识精度上,3阶模态频率辨识结果最大相对误差在5%以内;在计算效率上,递推辨识方法的计算时间缩短了9.38倍。     

中国长征系列运载火箭的可靠性分析

可靠性增长分析指出，长征系列运载火箭的可靠性出现了马鞍形，其经验教训值得认真记取，由于采取了一系列重大的可靠性改进措施，自1996年10月起，长征系列运载火箭连续23次发射成功，用Bayes方法评定可得，长征系列运载火箭可靠性的Bayes估计为0．958，置信水平为0．90时，可靠性的Bayes下限为0．930。     

基于故障对模型的运载火箭故障诊断研究

本文建立了基于故障树模型的运载火箭故障诊断框架,提出了运载火箭故障诊断的知识组织和表示方法及相应的推理控制策略,并以某型运载火箭惯性稳定平台为具体对象,对上述方法进行了应用。     

位置-反度参数模型的可靠性分析

对位置一尺度参数模型，借助失效概率的E-Bayes估计，给出了位置参数、尺度参数的最小二乘估计和加权最小二乘估计，从而可以得到寿命服从位置一尺度参数模型产品可靠度的估计。最后，结合某型发动机的实际问题进行了计算，结果表明本文提出的方法可行且便于应用。     

指令参数测量中的误差分析与处理

文章深入分析了目前运载火箭遥测系统采用的几种指令参数的测量方法及产生的误差，并根据实际应用．中发现的问题提出了修正误差的有效方法，解决了数字化测量指令不能满足精度要求的问题。     

空射运载火箭轨迹/穿越距离优化设计

空射运载火箭轨迹设计受载荷、载机安全性、姿控能力等多因素限制,为了解决空射运载火箭面临的复杂多约束条件下的轨迹优化问题,提出了一种考虑穿越距离、最大载荷约束、最大控制能力的轨迹优化设计方法。建立了机箭穿越距离模型与载荷计算模型,通过将上述模型转换为过程约束引入轨迹优化问题中,利用伪谱法对轨迹优化问题进行求解,从而实现多约束条件下的空射运载火箭上升段轨迹快速优化。在此基础上,梳理了空射运载火箭轨迹设计中影响火箭穿越距离、最大载荷的典型参数,分析了参数间的制约关系。仿真结果表明:该方法能够实现多约束条件下的空射运载火箭上升段轨迹优化,为空射运载火箭研制提供参考; 从降低火箭最大飞行载荷以及总体性能提升角度考虑,空射运载火箭应在较高高度进行投放,投放后以最大角速率将攻角调节至最大值,保证火箭快速穿越稠密大气,同时应尽可能缩短穿越距离,避免火箭在低空加速。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.