EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERLAND FLOW WITH GEOCELL

The hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow with a geocell slope are different from those of traditional flows because of its special structure. In this paper,a hydraulic flume with different slope gradients is used to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow with geocell. The differences of flow characteristics between the overland flow with the geocell slope and the traditional flows are studied, and the hydrodynamic characteristics are obtained, including the flow pattern, the flow velocity and the hydraulic friction factor for the slope flow with geocell under different flow rates and slope gradients. The results show that there is a positive power function relationship between the rill depth of the slope surface (h) and the drag coefficient of the Darcy Weisbach (f).There is a positive logarithmic function relationship between the drag coefficient f and the Reynolds number Red,and there is a negative power function relationship between the drag coefficient f and the Froude number Fr.     

南水大坝渗流基流下包线的确定

大坝渗流基流是反映大坝渗流性态的重要指标之一 ,文章结合南水大坝渗流实测资料 ,采用多种模型和方法对大坝的渗流基流进行了分析 ,并根据模型分离结果推求了坝体、坝基和两岸绕坝渗漏基流下包线的表达式 ,进而分析和评价南水大坝的渗流状态。     

INFLUENCE OF INCLINATION ANGLE ON THE MOTION OF TAYLOR BUBBLES IN UPWARD SLUG FLOW

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｌｕｇｆｌｏｗｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｆｌｏｗｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓａｎｄｏｃｃｕｒｓｏｖｅｒａｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｇａｓａｎｄｌｉｑｕｉｄｆｌｏｗｒａｔｅｓｉｎｓｍａｌｌａｎｄｍｅｄｉｕｍｓｉｚｅｔｕｂｅｓ .Ｉｔｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｌａｒｇｅｂｕｌｌｅｔ ｓｈａｐｅｂｕｂｂｌｅｓ (ｒｅ ｆｅｒｒｅｄｔｏａｓｔｈｅＴａｙｌｏｒｂｕｂｂｌｅｓ) ,ａｌｍｏｓｔｆｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｕｂｅ ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄｂｙｌｉｑｕｉ…     

APPLICATION OF MILES－HOWARD THEOREM TO STUDY THE INSTABILITY OF ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES ON A HETEROGENEOUS ORTHOGONAL SHEAR FLOW

ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＭＩＬＥＳ－ＨＯＷＡＲＤ　ＴＨＥＯＲＥＭ　ＴＯ　ＳＴＵＤＹ　ＴＨＥ　ＩＮＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹ　ＯＦ　ＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＩＣ　ＧＲＡＶＩＴＹ　ＷＡＶＥＳ　ＯＮ　Ａ　ＨＥＴＥＲＯＧＥＮＥＯＵＳ　ＯＲＴＨＯＧＯＮＡＬ　ＳＨＥＡＲ...     

EFFECT OF SURFACTANT ON TWO-PHASE FLOW PATTERNS OF WATER-GAS IN CAPILLARY TUBES

Flow patterns of liquid-gas two-phase flow were experimentally investigated. The experiments were carried out in both vertical and horizontal capillary tubes having inner diameters of 1.60 mm. The working liquid was the mixture of water and Sodium Dodecyl Benzoyl Sulfate (SDBS). The working gas was Nitrogen. For the water/SDBS mixture-gas flow in the vertical capillary tube, flow-pattern transitions occurred at lower flow velocities than those for the water-gas flow in the same tube. For the water/SDBS mixture-gas flow in the horizontal capillary tube, surface tension had little effect on the bubbly-intermittent transition and had only slight effect on the plug-slug and slug-annular transitions. However, surface tension had significant effect on the wavy stratified flow regime. The wavy stratified flow regime of water/SDBS mixture-gas flow expanded compared with that of water-gas.     

INVESTIGATION ON THE SPLASH LENGTH OF THE AERATED JET

Atomized flow forms as an aerated jet from high dams impacts against the downstream water surface at high speed. Of all the regions of atomized flow the splash region is in the center of storm rainfall, which might cause certain damage to the hydropower stations and thence more attention should be paid. In this paper the impact of the water drop at the outer edge of the aerated jet against the downstream water surface was analyzed, and the motion of the splash water drop was investigated. Furthermore, a new formula for the calculation of the splash length was suggested, which is in good agreement with the data of model tests and prototype observation.     

THE NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF TURBULENT FLOW IN TEE-JUNCTION

A numerical model for calculating the turbulent flow in tee-junction is given in thispaper.The calculations are performed using a finite-difference procedure,and turbulence is ac-counted for by using a two-equation k-ε model of turbulence.Results,consisting of mean veloci-ty profiles and pressure losses due to the junction,have been obtained,and show that the flowsituation in tee-junction is very complex.The computed results agree closely with the experimen-tal data and validate that the present model is reasonable and the numerical calculations are suc-cessful.     

STUDIES ON THE NUMERICAl SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY FLOWS

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡｌＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹＦＬＯＷＳ￥ＬｕＸｉ－ｙｕｎ（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，Ｈｅｆｅｉ２３００２６，Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ｓｕｐｅｒｖｉ...     

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF HYDRODYNAMICS OF MULTIPLE TANDEM JETS IN CROSS FLOW

The hydrodynamics of a single jet and four tandem jets in a cross flow are simulated by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software Fluent. The realizable model is used to close the Reynolds-Averaged equations. The flow characteristics of the jets, including the jet trajectory, the velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy are obtained with various jet-to-cross flow velocity ratios in the range of 2.38-17.88. It is shown that a single jet penetrates slightly deeper than the first jet in a jet group at the same , although the difference decreases with the decrease of . It is also found that the way in which the velo-city decays along the centerline of the jet is similar for both a single jet and the first jet in a group, and the speed of the decay increases with the decrease of . The downstream jets in a group are found to behave differently due to the sheltering effect of the first jet in the group. Compared with the first jet, the downstream jets penetrate deeper into the cross flow, and the velocity decays more slowly. The circulation zone between the two upstream jets in the front is stronger than those formed between the downstream jets. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) sees a distinct double-peak across the cross-sections close to each nozzle, with low values in the jet core and high values in the shear layers. The double-peak gradually vanishes, as the shear layers of the jet merge further away from the nozzle, where the TKE assumes peaks at the jet centerline.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE PITCHING MOTIONS OF SUPERCAVITA-TING VEHICLES

The pitching motions of supercavitating vehicles could not be avoided due to the lost water buoyancy.In order to have some insight for the design of the supercavitating vehicles,the fixed frequency and free pitching motions are investigated.A numerical predicting method based on the relative motion principle and the non-inertia coordinate system is proposed to simulate the free pitching motions of supercavitating vehicles in the longitudinal plane.Homogeneous and two fluid multiphase models are used to predict the natural and the ventilated supercavitating flows.In the fixed frequency pitching motions,a variety of working conditions are considered,including the pitching angular velocities and the supercavity scales and the results are found to be consistent with the available experimental results in literature.The mesh deformation technology controlled by the moment of momentum equation is adopted to study the free pitching motions and finally to obtain the planing states proposed by Savchenko.The numerical method is validated for predicting the pitching motions of supercavitating vehicles and is found to enjoy better calculation efficiency as comparing with the mesh regeneration technology.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE TURBULENT FLOW IN ROTATING DUCT

l.INrnODUCT1oNFlowintherotatingductisakindofphenomenonofturbulentflow,whichisoftenfoundintheengineeringapplications,suchasinthecentrifugalcompressor,centrifugalpumpandturbomachinery.Theinvestigationontheductflowisveryimportantfortheen-gineeringpracticejustasthequalityofflowintheductmakesbiginfluenceontheperfor-manceandefficiencyofthemachine.Thestudyontheflowintherotatingductbeganin6os'.JohnsonL1jmeasuredthevelocityofthemainstreaminthetwodimensionalrotatingduct.Comparedwiththeflowinthestati…     

SIMULATION OF LOW-CONCENTRATION SEDIMENT-LADEN FLOW BASED ON TWO-PHASE FLOW THEORY

Low concentration sediment-laden flow is usually involved in water conservancy, environmental protection, navigation and so on. In this article, a mathematical model for low-concentration sediment-laden flow was suggested based on the two-phase flow theory, and a solving scheme for the mathematical model in curvilinear grids was worked out. The observed data in the Zhang River in China was used for the verification of the model, and the calculated results of the water level, velocity and river bed deformation are in agreement with the observed ones.     

STUDY OF THE ATOMIZED FLOW IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

l.mThODUCnONInhydraulicengineeringifwaterdischargesfromtheflipbucketatcertainhighspeed,atomizedflowwouldformowingtothespreadingoftheaeratedjetandthesplashingasthisaeratedjetimpingeswiththewaterdownstream.Thisatomizedflowmaythreatenthesafe-tyofthehydraulicengineering,sometimesevencausescertainharm,sincethisflowmightproduceheavyrainaswellasheavyfoginacertainareadownstreamofthedamundertheinfluenceofupstreamwindanddownstreamtopography.Insomehydraulicprojectsonceflooddischargesthereexistsarelativ…     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TIP-CLEARANCE FLOW IN CASCADE

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉｐ ｃｌｅａｒａｎｃｅｆｌｏｗｓｏｃｃｕｒｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ ｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｓｕｃｈａｓａｘｉａｌ ｆｌｏｗ ｐｕｍｐｓａｎｄｄｕｃｔ ｅｄｐｒｏｐｅｌｌｅｒｓ .Ｔｈｅｉｎｅｒｔｉａｌｆｏｒｃｅｓａｃｔｉｎｇｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｔｈｅｎａｒｒｏｗ ｇａｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｌａｄｅｔｉｐａｎｄｔｈｅｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｗａｌｌａｒｅｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｔｏ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅａｔｉｐｌｅａｋａｇｅｖｏｒｔｅｘｏｎｔｈｅｓｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ…     

LAMINAR DEVELOPING FLOW IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF ROTATING CURVED PIPES

1. INTRODUCTION The flow in rotating curved pipes with a constant circular cross-section have found wide applications in heat exchangers, piping systems, electric motors, chemical reactors and many other engineering systems. One of the principle features …     

NUMERICAL STURDY OF GRAVITATIONAL GRANULAR FLOW

The mechanics of flowing granular materials such as coal,sand, metal ores etc. , has received considerable attention in the recent years as it has relevance to several important technological problems. The governing equations for the flow of granular materials, are derived using a model based on the kinetic theory approach [cf. Boyle and Mas-soudi (1990)]. For a fully developed flow of these meterials down an inclined plane, the equations reduce to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically and a parametric study is carried out to delineate how the various non-dimensional parameters affect the structure of the solution.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW PATTERNS OF YUQIAO RESERVOIR

In this paper the slot method is used in the computation of 2-dimensional flow withtransient boundary.The slot located inside the computation zone is placed in each space grid,parallel to both X and Y axes.Combined with the operator splitting method,the numerical simu-lation of the flow patterns of Yuqiao Reservior is made.The calculated results are in good agree-ment with observed data.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOWS OVER A WAVY SURFACE

The potential and laminar flows over a wavy surface have been studied in this pa-per.For the potential flow,theoretical analysis and FA numerical computation are adopted re-spectively.The results of these two methods agree well with each other.For the laminar flow,the numerical analysis is mainly carried out.In computation,the body-fitted coordinate trans-formation and more perfect FA method are used.The achievements show that the difference ofthe wall pressure distribution between the potential and laminar flows is not significant when theratio of wave height to wave length a/λ is smaller,or vice versa,and there are separate regionsin the laminar flow field.