基于双材料悬臂梁的光纤光栅应力与温度传感器

设计了一种新型的悬臂梁结构,采用单根光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)实现温度和应力同时测量的传感器方案.传感器使用了由两种有机聚合物材料加工成的等强度悬臂梁,解决了FBG应用于压力和温度测量时的交叉敏感问题.传感器在压力和温度同时作用下,FBG反射谱分裂成双峰结构.通过测量反射谱中的双峰峰值波长达到温度与应力同时测量的目的...     

轮辐式温度自动补偿型光纤光栅测力传感器

采用轮辐式传感机构设计，将两个不同波长的布拉格光栅与轮辐中性轴线同时成相同角度，粘贴在两个对称轮辐侧面的中间位置构成传感头。利用光纤光栅波长绝对编码的特性，设计并研制了轮辐式温度自动补偿型光纤光栅测力传感器。理论分析和实验结果证明，该传感器具有温度自动补偿特性，可用于压力和拉力的高精度感测，其最大力的测量值达到3kN，温度自动补偿范围为20℃～75℃。     

基于进口膜片的光纤光栅压力传感器的研究

分析了光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)的压力传感特性,给出了FBG的中心波长与压力的关系以及压力灵敏度系数的表达式,并将FBG纵向粘贴在富士公司生产型号为FBC 20WB2的膜片上进行了压力实验。实验结果表明粘贴在FBC 20WB2型膜片上的FBG压力传感器的灵敏度系数为0.376 nm/MPa左右,其测量精度在满量程范围内为1%,而理论的压力灵敏度系数为0.385 nm/MPa。同时发现粘贴在该膜片上的FBG压力传感器的中心波长与压力变化有着良好的线性关系和很高的相关系数并且迟滞现象较小,说明基于该膜片的FBG压力传感器非常适合于压力测量。     

光纤布拉格光栅压力传感器的研究

文章介绍一种光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)压力传感器,将FBG粘贴在自行设计的开口环有机玻璃上,构成了FBG传感器,给出了FBG的波长偏移量与压力的关系表达式.实验结果表明, 该传感器在所测压力范围内呈现出很好的线性特性, FBG压力灵敏度系数达到0.162 nm/N,与理论分析值基本相符.     

基于双光纤光栅温度压力同时区分测量的研究

提出了一种基于薄壁圆柱壳体的压力温度同时区分测量的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器结构。将双FBG沿着轴向分别粘贴在壁厚度不均匀的柱体外表面,由于两个FBG受到温度影响而引起的波长漂移量是相同的,这时两光栅Bragg波长漂移量之差就完全取决于压力,从而实现对压力温度的区分测量。实验测得,在0～7MPa内传感器的压力响应灵敏度为0.073nm/MPa,在22.6～112.6℃内的温度灵敏度为0.037nm/℃,分别是裸FBG的24倍和3.7倍。结果也表明,这种传感器具有良好的线性度与可重复性。     

基于温度自补偿原理的光纤布拉格光栅压力传感器

本课题研究了温度自补偿对FBG压力传感器的作用。在压缩和牵拉FBG或温度变化时,FBG周期与反射率会发生变化,从而使光纤光栅中心波长相应漂移。本课题设计的FBG传感器,可以用来分析中心波长漂移与水位的对应变化关系,同时消除环境温度与结构热膨胀的影响。与通常的FBG传感器相比,该传感器的结构用来消除温度对压力测量结果的影响,实现温度的自补偿,对于解决温度和压力交叉敏感的问题具有指导性意义。本课题分析了传感原理,进行了温度和压力测试,显示出传感器性能优良,在0-500厘米的水位压力内,精度达5‰FS,分辨率1.3cm,重复性误差0.863%,线性误差0.415%.     

用于沥青路面载荷监测的光纤光栅压力传感器

提出了一种可用于沥青路面载荷测量的新型高灵敏度光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)压力传感器.传感器采用金属材料和聚合物相结合的封装形式,通过改变聚合物的几何结构实现了高倍数压力增敏效果,并从理论推导了该传感器的光栅中心波长相对偏移量与加载其上压强之间的解析关系.实验结果表明:该传感器的压力监测灵敏度达到2.39×10-8 Pa-...     

一种内嵌喷嘴差压式FBG流量传感器

针对传统液压系统流量测量中存在的传感器体积 较大、测量精度不高等问题,研究并设计一 种内嵌喷嘴差压式光纤 Bragg 光栅(FBG ) 流量传感器。在分析 FBG 及差压式流量测量原理的基础上, 选用标准喷嘴作为节流元件,通过将 FBG 沿径向粘贴于圆形平面膜片上,敏感被测流体经过喷嘴节流口 后在两侧所产生的压力差。推导了 FBG 中心波长偏移与被测流体流量变化之间存在的数学关 系,并通 过试验平台测量了传感器的静压特性以及动态流量特性。测试结果表明,传感器中 FBG 平面膜片的静压力 差压灵敏度为 0.712nm/MPa ,而差压式 FBG 流量传感器的灵敏度为 0.067L/s 。本文传感器具有测量精度高、 体积较小和环境适应能力强等优点,且易于实现传感复用并构成准分布式检测网络。     

光纤Bragg光栅高压传感研究

通过采用特殊压力管封装光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）,分析了压力管结构封装FBG的压力响应特性。在0～40MPa压力范围,进行了加压和减压的高压实验。推导了传感器波长与压力间的关系,得到了压力响应灵敏度的解析表达式。实验结果表明：FBG的压力灵敏度为-0．0377nm／MPa,其中心波长与压力变化有着良好的线性关系和重复性,且迟滞性好。     

FBG温度传感器交叉敏感问题的研究

基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的温度应变交叉敏感原理,提出了一种新型的高灵敏度FBG温度传感器封装方法,该封装方法通过在金属管内设置弹簧进行预应力封装,完全隔绝外界压力对FBG温度传感器测温的影响,可有效地解决温度和应变对FBG温度传感器交叉敏感的问题,同时提高FBG温度传感器的温度灵敏度。对封装后的光纤光栅温度传感器进行温度特性测试和温度应力交叉敏感测试实验,结果表明,传感器中心波长的变化仅由温度变化引起,不受压力变化的影响。另外,该传感器表现出较好的线性度和重复性,可以达到准确测量温度的目的。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks