面向服务高效加工细长轴参数优化方法研究

由于刚度低,加工细长轴时容易产生尺寸误差。为了保证细长轴加工精度,通常采用小切削加工法,从而使得加工效率低。针对低刚度细长轴加工效率低的问题,设计切削液镜像支撑细长轴加工以提高其加工刚度,从而可以增大切削用量。并建立在切削液镜像支撑加工方法下细长轴加工时间的目标函数。模型求解过程中,以设备实际所能达到的工况和细长轴允许最大尺寸误差等为约束条件,以加工时间最短为优化模型,对细长轴在切削液镜像支撑加工作用下切削参数进行优化求解。最后,通过细长轴加工实验验证切削液镜像支撑加工模型的有效性。实验结果表明:切削液镜像支撑加工细长轴可有效提高加工效率。     

基于水射流自动补偿细长轴加工振动研究

细长轴在加工过程中切削力的作用下易产生加工振动。为提高细长轴加工质量,提出采用水射流辅助支撑细长轴的新型加工工艺方法,可自动补偿细长轴加工产生的振动尺寸误差,并建立有无水射流辅助支撑细长轴加工的振动模型。通过实验验证此方法的可靠性,实验结果表明:水射流辅助支撑细长轴加工可使表面粗糙度Ra得到显著改善,有效提高了细长轴的加工精度。     

细长轴车削加工工艺路线的研究

详细分析正向走刀和反向走刀加工细长轴时,在切削力作用下产生的变形,并考虑压杆稳定性,建立了误差大小的数学计算公式,从而为减小细长轴的加工误差、提高加工精度提供了理论上的依据.     

基于切削力测量的细长轴加工误差在线补偿

为获得一种效果稳定且操作简单的细长轴车削方法,分析了细长轴尺寸误差与切削力之间的定量关系;以实测切削力信号作为尺寸误差的判断标准,据此实时地修正背吃刀量以实现细长轴加工误差的在线补偿;试验结果表明该方法可显著提高细长轴的尺寸精度.     

基于磨料水射流的细长轴镜像加工精度研究

低刚度细长轴在工业机械领域有着广泛的应用,由于细长轴具有刚度低的特点,其加工工艺性较差,容易在切削加工过程中产生尺寸误差,从而影响细长轴的综合性能和使用寿命。文章在传统的加工工艺基础上提出应用磨料水射流镜像加工细长轴的方法,并建立了磨料水射流加工工件的数学模型。最后,通过实验验证,该方法可以有效的提高细长轴的加工精度。     

基于三维移动切削液镜像支撑细长轴加工精度研究

细长轴常采用卡盘-顶针式装夹方式进行加工,由于刚度较低且不同位置处刚度不同,从而难以保证加工后的精度。针对细长轴加工时精度较低的问题,设计了三维移动切削液随动镜像支撑细长轴加工工艺方法来提高加工精度,并建立切削液随动镜像支撑加工细长轴的尺寸误差数学模型。最后,通过细长轴加工实验验证了切削液随动镜像支撑加工工艺方法的可靠性。实验结果表明:切削液随动镜像支撑加工相比跟刀架支撑加工可以使细长轴获得更高的加工精度。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的精密数控机床热误差建模与补偿研究

为了减小热误差对数控机床加工精度的影响,以自主研制的五轴精密数控机床为研究对象,得出定位误差与温度之间的变化规律。运用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立Y轴的热误差模型,并对LS-SVM模型进行参数寻优。根据LS-SVM模型计算出移动轴热平衡状态下定位误差的预测值与测量值对比曲线,通过分析发现LS-SVM热误差模型性能较好,其拟合偏差带宽较窄,均方差较小。依据LS-SVM模型进行定位误差补偿实验,误差降低了87. 3%。实验结果证明最小二乘支持向量机建模方法具有较高的预测精度、补偿精度。     

细长轴加工的单片机误差补偿系统设计

建立细长轴车削的数学模型,分析细长轴加工误差来源。设计一个误差补偿系统,利用单片机实时检测细长轴零件的变形,从而控制刀具的切削用量。试验结果表明:该系统可以有效提高零件的加工精度。     

基于数控宏程序的细长轴加工误差补偿分析与实验

分析细长轴在加工过程中的受力和变形,建立切削力与切削变形的数学模型,基于数控宏程序编制加工程序,补偿由变形引起的背吃刀量的变化,实现细长轴加工误差的补偿.实践表明,采用该方法可以显著提高细长轴的加工质量.     

细长轴双刀车削加工让刀量误差优化的研究与应用

通过建立细长轴对称式双刀车削模型,推导出刀具加工点理论让刀量公式。对细长轴双刀车削进行静力学仿真分析,得到刀具在加工点让刀量数据。考虑到刀具径向力与背吃刀量的关系,以及引起刀具让刀量误差的其他因素,在刀具加工点理论让刀量公式中引入修正系数k,对仿真曲线和预测理论曲线进行对比分析,确定修正系数k的大小。最后进行数控车削试验,结果表明:将优化后的理论让刀量公式作为补偿函数车削细长轴能显著提高其加工精度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.