Si对喷射成形AZ91镁合金微观组织的影响

在保护气氛中采用喷射成形技术制各AZ91和AZ91+2.0%Si镁合金,采用OM、SEM、XRD及TEM等技术分别对合金的微观组织进行观察和分析.结果表明:与相同成分的铸造镁合金相比,喷射成形技术显著细化合金组织;喷射成形沉积态AZ91镁合金具有均匀、细小的等轴晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸约为17 μm,离异共晶β-Mg17Al12相在晶界的偏析被有效改善:对于喷射成形AZ91+2.0%Si镁合金,喷射成形过程中高的冷却速度抑制了Mg2Si相的长大,细小的Mg2Si相呈现为近球形或多边形态,与基体结合良好且弥散分布,并可以作为а-Mg异质彤核核心,使合金组织得到充分细化.     

制备工艺对高强铝合金组织及性能的影响

通过金相观察、扫描电镜、透射电镜、力学性能测试研究了铸造方法和喷射成形方法对高强铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用喷射成形法制备合金可克服铸造法制备合金的缺点,所得合金微观组织均匀,晶粒细小,无明显微观和宏观偏析。经挤压后基体组织细小均匀,第二相颗粒大小一致。经适当热处理后,合金综合性能较好。     

喷射成形Cr12MoV钢显微组织研究

应用喷射成形技术制备了Cr12MoV钢样,采用金相、X射线衍射、扫描电等分析方法对其微观组织进行了研究。将喷射成形材料与铸造方法制备的材料进行了对比,结果表明,喷射态合金更加致密,晶粒更为细小,碳化物的分布也更弥散。喷射成形技术大大降低了材料中合金元素的偏析程度。     

喷射成形及轧制Cr12MoV钢的微观组织与摩擦学性能研究

研究了常规铸造工艺,喷射成形工艺以及喷射成形后轧制等工艺制备的Cr12MoV钢的微观组织和摩擦学性能。结果表明,喷射成形工艺与常规铸造相比,制备的合金成分更加均匀,晶粒更加细小。而后的轧制工艺进一步改善了材料的微观组织。与常规工艺相比其碳化物颗粒的尺寸大大降低,耐磨性能得到了大幅度地提高。且提高幅度随着轧制量的增加而增加。     

喷射成形与铸态ZL108合金的微观组织及力学性能研究

采用喷射成形和铸造两种方法制备了ZL108合金,分析了两种合金的微观组织,测量了其力学性能.结果表明,喷射成形工艺制备的合金具有细小均匀的微观组织;大量孔洞,尤其是带有尖角的孔洞的存在是影响喷射成形ZL108合金强度的重要因素;喷射成形ZL108合金的断后延伸率比铸态ZL108高.     

喷射成形1.8C-1.6Al超高碳钢快速凝固组织研究

铸造1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢(UHCS)由于冷速较低，晶粒粗大，珠光体片间距也较大，品界形成了粗大的碳化物网络，同时合金元素产生偏析，品内生成了大块的合金渗碳体，使得它在室温下为脆性，机加工性能极差。喷射成形1．8C—1．6Al超高碳钢则利用喷射成形工艺冷却速度大的特点细化了晶粒，减小了珠光体的片间距，提高了硬度与强度，同时降低了元素偏析程度。同时发现：在铸态1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢中和在喷射成形1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢中Al在晶内的分布情况正好相反，由反偏析转变为正偏析。     

喷射成形M3高速钢偏析成因及凝固机理

采用喷射成形工艺制备直径250 mm大截面M3型高速钢，利用电火花直读光谱仪、金属原位分析仪、XRD、OM、SEM等手段，研究样坯特殊偏析形貌位置处合金元素分布和微观组织特征。结果表明，腐蚀后样坯低倍组织中存在2种偏析形貌：锭型偏析与环状偏析。锭型偏析区域内富集C及溶质元素；环状偏析区域主要富集C及Mo元素，较锭型偏析程度轻。由样坯边部至心部，碳化物形貌由条状向块状、鱼骨状转变；宏观偏析区域内碳化物偏析严重。基于实验结果，讨论了喷射成形工艺糊状区的组织变化及锭型偏析和环状偏析的形成，认为沉积阶段缓慢的冷却速率是出现上述结果的根本原因。因此，在利用喷射成形工艺制备大截面材料时，不应简单考虑为一种快速凝固技术。     

精密喷射成形模具的组织和性能分析

研究了精密喷射成形模具的性能和微观组织.与HM1母合金铸态试样相比,喷射成形模具的微观组织细小,无宏观偏析等.X-Ray、SEM分析结果为铸态和沉积态的物相是马氏体、残余奥氏体和Cr7C3型碳化物.试样致密度在95％以上.     

喷射成形过共晶Al-Si合金的组织特征和磨损行为

采用喷射成形技术制备了过共晶Al-Si耐磨合会,分析了合金的显微组织结构,利用M200磨损试验机对喷射成形和铸造Al-Si合金的耐磨性和磨损失效形式进行了分析比较。结果表明：喷射成形能够显著改变过共晶Al-Si合金中初晶Si相的形态和尺寸,细化合金的基体组织;与普通铸造合金相比,具有更好的耐磨性能。     

喷射成形H13钢的组织与力学性能

分别采用传统铸造与喷射成形工艺制备了H13钢并对其进行了锻造和传统热处理.利用OM,SEM和XRD研究了铸造与喷射成形H13钢在不同工艺状态下组织的差异,并且在相同的热处理制度下测试了两者的常温与高温力学性能.结果表明:与传统铸造H13钢相比,喷射成形H13钢具有更好的回火稳定性、更高的室温与高温拉伸强度,室温冲击韧性提高了2倍,并且消除了带状偏析,提高了组织的等向性.喷射成形H13钢力学性能的提高主要归因于沉积态H13钢组织均匀细小,消除了宏观偏析,更没有粗大的一次碳化物,这使得淬火后基体含有更多的合金元素,分布也更均匀,从而在回火时析出的二次碳化物更弥散并且晶粒也更细.     

Solidification microstructures of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys prepared by spray deposition and conventional casting methods

High strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were prepared by spray deposition and casting techniques. The microstructures of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Secondary phases in the microstructures of the alloys prepared by spray deposition and conventional cast were examined. The results indicate that under the conventional casting condition, the microstructure of the alloy revealed the presence of coarse Al/Mg（ZnCu）2 eutectic phases, and the spray deposited process causes an obvious modification in size, morphology, and distribution of secondary phases in the microstructure as well as reduction of segregation. The superior microstructure of the spray-deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was attributed to the high cooling rate, and associated with the rapid solidification process.     

喷射成形ZA35合金的高温磨损行为

采用喷射成形快速凝固技术制备了ZA35-3.5Mn耐磨合金,分析了合金的微观组织,利用摩擦磨损实验研究了合金的耐磨性。结果表明:喷射成形合金具有比铸造合金更细小的微观组织,摩擦因数随温度升高缓慢增加,其摩擦特性比较稳定,是一种比较理想的耐磨材料,具有比铸造合金更高的耐磨性和减磨性。喷射成形合金的磨损失效形式主要是磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损,铸造合金的磨损失效形式主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和部分氧化磨损。     

Synthesis of bulk nanostructured aluminum alloy component through vacuum plasma spray technique

The benefits of large-size engineering components with nanocrystalline structure (providing improved strength) are yet to be realized due to processing difficulties and associated grain growth problems. In this work, a free-standing bulk nanocrystalline structure of hypereutectic aluminum alloy (Al–21wt.%Si) has been fabricated through the vacuum plasma spray (VPS) forming technique using micron-size powder feedstock. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to investigate the evolution of multi-scale microstructure as the result of rapid solidification in VPS forming process. The characterization implies the presence of nanosized eutectic Al–Si grains (25–100 nm) with uniformly distributed ultrafine primary silicon particles of submicron size. The effect of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties has been studied by tensile testing and microhardness measurement. A considerable improvement in ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the sprayed deposit has been observed in comparison with conventionally cast hypereutectic Al–17wt.%Si alloys.     

Influence of La on microstructures of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONThemicrostructureofhypereutecticAl Sialloys ,preparedbyconventionalcastingroutines ,usuallyconsistsofcoarseSicrystals[112 ] ,leadingtothepoorextrudability ,machinability ,strengthandductili ty[1315] .Therefore ,structuralmodificationmustbedonethroughtwo generalways :1)alloyingaddi tions ,and /or ;2 )syntheticalternatives .Accordingtothedimensionalconditionofaneffectivemodifier ,theradiusratiooftheagenttoSishouldbeabout1.6 5 [16 ] ,La ,withtheratioof 1.5 9,ispossiblycon sid…     

Corrosion behaviour of powder metallurgical and cast Al-Zn-Mg base alloys

The behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg base alloys produced by powder metallurgy and casting has been studied using potentiodynamic polarisation in 0.3% and 3% NaCl solutions. The influence of alloy production route on microstructure has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. An improvement in performance of powder metallurgy (PM) materials, compared with the cast alloy, was evident in solutions of low chloride concentration; less striking differences were revealed in high chloride concentration. Both powder metallurgy and cast alloys show two main types of precipitates, which were identified as Zn-Mg and Zr-Sc base intermetallic phases. The microstructure of the PM alloys is refined compared with the cast material, which assists understanding of the corrosion performance. The corrosion process commences with dissolution of the Zn-Mg base phases, with the relatively coarse phases present in the cast alloy showing ready development of corrosion.     

Characterization of the corrosion performances of as-cast Mg–Al and Mg–Zn magnesium alloys with microarc oxidation coatings

In the present study, corrosion-protective microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on AZ31B, AZ80, and ZK60 cast magnesium alloy substrates in an alkaline silicate electrolyte. The corrosion performances of the uncoated and MAO-coated alloys were investigated using electrochemical and salt spray chamber corrosion tests. The microstructure characterization and experimental results show that among the three alloys studied, the ZK60 Mg alloy exhibited the best and AZ31B the least corrosion resistance under the salt spray conditions. The MAO coating provided robust corrosion protection of the Mg substrates and resulted in a significant decrease in the corrosion rate of the alloys by 3–4 orders of magnitude. The MAO coating on ZK60 alloy showed better corrosion protectiveness than that on the AZ series alloys due to the incorporation of different alloying elements in the coating, especially the Zn and Al elements, which are from the Mg substrate. The corrosion performances and mechanisms of the uncoated and MAO-coated Mg alloys are interpreted in terms of the microstructure and phase/chemical compositions of both the substrates and coatings.     

Developing high performance squeeze cast Al-Cu alloys with high Fe and Cu contents

In this paper, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of squeeze cast Al-Cu alloys with different amounts of Cu and Fe after T7 heat treatment were investigated using various methods, including optical microstructure (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and tensile testing. Results show that better comprehensive mechanical properties of squeeze cast Al-Cu alloys can be achieved by designing the Fe and Cu contents. These results can be attibuted to an increase in precipitate particles in the α(Al) matrix and the formation of nano-sized iron-rich intermetallics (IRIs). Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) of the Al-6.5Cu-0.6Mn-1.0Fe alloy were as high as 314 MPa, 293 MPa, and 6 %, respectively. These values were close to those of Al-Si alloys with high Fe content (1.0 %) under applied pressure, and this indicates the high potential for developing recycled squeeze cast Al-Cu cast alloys.     

低过热度铸造和触变锻造结合制备A356铝合金车轮的组织与力学性能

采用低过热度铸造和触变锻造相结合的方法制备A356铝合金车轮,研究低过热度铸造A356铝合金坯料的组织、坯料二次加热组织演变规律和触变锻造车轮的组织与力学性能。结果表明：熔体在635℃浇注,可获得具有细小、均匀的非枝晶晶粒的A356铝合金坯料。坯料在600℃等温加热60min后,非枝晶晶粒可转变成球形晶粒,在750kN锻压力下半固态坯料可触变锻造成铝合金车轮。经T6热处理,A356铝合金车轮的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为327．6MPa和7．8％,高于铸造铝合金车轮的拉伸力学性能。将低过热度铸造与触变锻造工艺相结合,可以制备具有较高力学性能的铝合金车轮。     

NiTi40合金微观组织结构的电子显微学分析

采用扫描电子显微分析(SEM)、电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)、透射电子显微分析(TEM)、高分辨电子显微分析(HRTEM)、高角度环形暗场-扫描透射(HAADF-STEM)等技术手段,对NiTi40(60%Ni+40%Ti,质量分数)合金淬火态样品的微观组织结构进行分析。结果表明:NiTi40合金在950℃、150 min固溶水冷和1050℃、150 min固溶水冷的硬度值相近,为60~61 HRC,但微观组织结构有显著的区别。经950℃固溶水冷后,合金中的粗大第二相主要为NiTi2和Ni3Ti相,还有少量和NiTi2相互伴生的TiC相;经1050℃固溶水冷后,合金中的Ni3Ti相接近完全回溶的,粗大第二相主要为相互伴生的NiTi2及Ti C相。随着固溶温度的升高,合金的晶粒尺寸明显增大,合金晶界处的小晶粒在1050℃固溶时基本消失。经950℃固溶处理,晶内析出相主要为10~20 nm的Ni4Ti3相;经1050℃固溶处理,晶内析出相主要为几十至几百纳米的Ni4Ti3相。     

Formation of the Nanocrystalline Structure in an Equiatomic NiTi Shape-Memory Alloy by Thermomechanical Processing

The microstructural evolution during cold rolling followed by annealing of an equiatomic NiTi shape-memory alloy was investigated. The high purity Ni₅₀Ti₅₀ alloy was cast by a copper boat vacuum induction-melting technique. The as-cast ingots were then homogenized, hot rolled, and annealed to prepare the suitable initial microstructure. Thereafter, annealed specimens were cold rolled up to 70 % thickness reduction at room temperature. Post-deformation annealing was conducted at 400 °C for 1 h. The microstructure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The initial microstructure was free from segregation and Ti- or Ni-rich precipitates and was composed of coarse grains with an average size of 50 μm. The cold rolling of NiTi alloy resulted in a partial amorphization and the deformation-induced grain refinement. A nanocrystalline structure with the grain size of about 20-70 nm was formed during the post-deformation annealing.