非晶态碳材料的冲击波响应试验研究

研究了非晶态碳材料板碰撞下的一维应变动态响应.利用在碰撞材料样品和非晶态碳样品上的石英压力传感器测量了样品中的应力历史和冲击波速度.对试验测得的速度及应力历史进行了分析处理.在4.0 GPa的冲击条件下,非晶态碳材料的冲击响应波形是简单稳定的,其一维应变条件下为非线性弹性响应,在试验冲击应力范围内没有发现非弹性变形.试验数据显示材料的Hugoniot曲线是上凸的,与熔硅材料相似.试验结果表明非晶态碳材料冲击状态下内部传播的不是一个冲击波而是一个压缩波.     

Failure behavior of cellular titanium under dynamic loading

The dynamic compressive deformation of cellular titanium with regularly distributed cylindrical pores is investigated to evaluate the effect of shock attenuation and obtain the shock Hugoniot relationship of the material. Dynamic compression experiments are conducted at room temperature using a single-stage light gas gun. The Hugoniot relations between shock wave velocity and particle velocity for the cellular titanium samples with porosities 20% and 30% are obtained. The shock response of the regular cellular titanium shows a clear wave attenuation effect. Numerical simulations are also conducted to supplement the experimental study. Inelastic deformation is observed in the samples using optical micrographs, indicating that the deformation of pores contributes significantly to the shock wave attenuation of the cellular titanium material.     

Dynamic Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar

Based on the shear wave tracing(SWT) technique proposed by Tang Z P, particle velocity gauge and the dual internal measurement for pressure and shear waves (IMPS) system are applied to investigate the responses of fiber reinforced cement subjected to impact loading. Series of experiments are conducted. The results show that there exist four critical points, A, B, C, D, in p - V Hugoniot curves. They correspond to the Hugoniot elastic limit (I/EL) of the material, the critical point for shear strength limit and transition from damage state to failure state, void collapse, and solid compression, respectively. The critical point B is difficult to be aware of and never reported. However, it can be clearly disclosed with SWT method. Based on the analyses of shear strength, it can be concluded that the transversal wave, especially the unloading transversal wave, is especially important for the dynamic damage investigation of brittle materials.     

Shock wave compression behavior of aluminum foam

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears ,aluminumfoamsofhighporosityhaveattractedmuchattentionofresearchersonmate rialsduetotheiruniquecompressionbehaviorthatun dergoesalargedeformationatnearlyconstantnominalstress ,andgreatpotentialforapplicationinabsorbingenergyfromimpact[1 3] .Thisapplicationthereforere quirestheknowledgeontheshockcompressionbehav iorofthealuminumfoamundervariousimpactcondi tions.AlthoughanumberofworkonthedynamicpropertyofaluminumfoamshasbeenperformedwithsplitHopkinson pressureba…     

浅层地震多阶模态瑞利面波的位移幅度特征

研究了地层速度随深度递增型、地层中有硬层或软夹层型、表层为高速的公路型等4种地层结构在15 m深度内,瑞利面波各阶模态的位移幅度分布特征、多阶模态面波的理论频散曲线特征以及不同地层结构上的"最大模"面波频散曲线的特征.这些特征的研究有助于提高面波资料解释的准确性,在高阶模态面波占优势时,判断地层结构的类型,设计合适的反演初始模型,并有助于利用多阶模态瑞利面波解决复杂的地质问题.     

Zr41 Ti14 Ni12.5 Cu10 Be22.5非晶合金冲击压缩行为理论与实验研究

为研究Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Ni_(12.5)Cu_(10)Be_(22.5)非晶合金的冲击压缩响应及物态方程,利用平板冲击试验,测试了受到速度为350 m/s～550 m/s的铜板冲击时,非晶合金试样的自由面粒子速度;采用阻抗匹配法得到了材料的雨贡纽参数,并利用理想混合物模型对材料的雨贡纽参数进行预估,分析对比了理论计算结果与实验结果;将求材料格林艾森物态方程转化为非线性最优化问题,提出了基于模拟退火算法的材料格林艾森物态方程计算方法,设计了退火参数表,并采用解析法计算了材料的布里希-默纳罕物态方程和三项式物态方程,对比研究了三种物态方程与实验结果.理论和实验结果表明,5～10 GPa压力范围内,Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Ni_(12.5)Cu_(10)Be_(22.5)非晶合金的零压体积声速为4 267 m/s,D-u曲线斜率为4.376,曲线斜率远大于一般金属材料,其雨贡纽极限强度为5.60 GPa左右;理想混合物模型仅适用于计算高压区Zr基非晶合金的雨贡纽参数,低压区理论计算结果与实验结果误差较大;在5～10 GPa压力范围内,格林艾森物态方程、三项式物态方程与实验结果吻合度较高,而布里希-默纳罕物态方程误差较大,不适用于计算材料状态参量.     

Rayleigh波传播速度的积分确定

Tanuma利用Stroh理论寻找出本构关系为Cijkl的、适用于静力问题的表面阻抗张量.本文引入四阶张量Cijkl代替材料本构关系Cijkl,将波传播的动力问题转变成静力问题,把关于Rayleigh波的本征值和本征向量的计算问题转变成表面动力阻抗张量的积分计算问题,用积分法求出包含波传播速度的表面动力阻抗张量,并利用该表面动力阻抗张量求出各向同性材料的Rayleigh波的传播速度.     

面波勘探技术在工程勘察中的应用进展

回顾了瑞雷面波勘探技术的发展历史,介绍了主动源瞬态面波的互相关法、表面波谱分析法、相位展开法、τ-p户变换法、Ptony法、多道面波分析法等处理法,被动源面波(微动)的空间自相关法、频率波数法、HV谱比法,折射微动法等处理方法,分析了各种方法的优缺点以及适用条件.结果表明,主动源和被动源面波法可确定横波速度结构,其应用...     

基于Lamb波的复合材料板损伤检测

采用二分法在MATLAB中计算并绘制了复合材料层合板中Lamb波相速度和群速度频散曲线。根据所绘制的Lamb波频散曲线,设计了合理的激励频率、激励脉冲、激励波形。在ANSYS中建立无损和有损模型,对比结构无损和有损状态下的响应信号,计算损伤信号飞行时间和Lamb波群速度,判断损伤位置。     

预制桩波速随时间增长的试验现象及分析

通过实际工程的低应变桩基动测,发现打入桩的波速随时间提高。用一维和三维应力波传播理论进行了分析。评价了影响桩的波速的各种因素,认为被测桩波速的提高主要是由于桩侧土的贡献造成的。桩侧土和桩共同工作,就象是加大了桩的截面尺寸。波速的增大和桩承载力的提高有着一致性,可以借助波速提高的时效性来研究桩的承载力的时效性,推算和确定桩的承载力。     

饱和土中流体对压缩波传播特性影响

为了进一步分析流体性质对饱和土中压缩波传播的影响,基于Biot两相介质波动理论,推导了压缩波平面波动解,并得到了孔隙流体自由流动和流体无渗流时的压缩波速度公式.通过数值算例分析了水饱和、准饱和及气饱和三种饱和情况下土中压缩波的传播及衰减特性.结果表明,在水饱和至准饱和土中,两种压缩波的速度和弥散性均随含气量的增加而降低,衰减则随含气量的增加而增加.气饱和土中,P1波速度比水饱和时显著降低且基本无弥散和衰减;P2波速度比水饱和时有很大提高,同时弥散和衰减加强,且特征频率向高频漂移.完全水饱和时P1波主要在流体中传播,含气量超过一定值(1%)时主要受土骨架中控制,P2波则刚好与此相反.     

基于S变换的瑞利面波频散分析

提取面波频散曲线是面波资料处理中最关键的一步。由于时频分析方法的局限,提出了利用S变换进行瑞利面波频散分析的方法,并给出了具体算法。该方法在时间-频率域中计算相邻两道面波记录同一频率的时间差,再利用道间距除以该时间差来得到该频率对应的相速度,这样避免了在道间距较大的情况下,传统的相位谱法可能造成相位差的缺陷。通过理论模型和实际资料对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法能够提高瑞利面波频散曲线的提取精度,而且算法简单,具有一定的实用性。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on the tensile mechanical behavior of marbles containing dynamic damage

To investigate the degradation mechanism of static tensile mechanical behaviors of marble containing dynamic damage, multiple impact loading tests were performed on the disc marble samples, and then static Brazilian tests were conducted for the damaged samples. Besides, coupling modeling technology of finite difference method (FDM)—discrete element method (DEM) was used to carry out the numerical investigation. The results show that after multiple impacts, more white patches appear on the surface, and some microcracks, macro-fractures as well as pulverized grains are found by optical microscopic. The static tensile strength decreases with the increase of the dynamic damage variable characterized by the ultrasonic wave velocity of sample. The interaction between grains in the damaged sample becomes intense in the subsequent static loading process, causing a relatively large strain. The volume of the fragments falling off around the loading points becomes larger as impact number increases. As the dynamic damage increases, the absorbed energy of sample during the static loading first decreases and then tends to be stable. Both the stress concentration and the breakage of the force chains are the root causes of the degradation of the static tensile strength.     

光角散射法测量气固两相自由射流中颗粒运动的速度

气固两相等温自由射流的研究对改善煤粉喷射燃烧效率,提高燃料利用率具有重要意义。为测量两相等温自由射流中颗粒相的速度场,作者根据Mie散射理论设计建立了一套激光角散射测速装置,并用该装置在气固两相流试验台上进行了颗粒运动速度的测量。试验物料采用氧化铝粉末,筛分范围为48～153μm。实测结果与毕托管测得的单相气流速度分布进行了比较,两者相吻合。可以预期在结构工艺上加以完善即可用于生产过程。     

板的透水性对表面波波形的影响

本文应用Chwang提出的线性透水造波机理论,求得了有限水深、半无限长渠道中,其一端的铅直不透水板和该板附近的铅直透水板作活塞式运动的几种组合情况所产生的自由表面波的波形,并对当无量纲的波的影响参数C一定时,无量纲孔隙影响参数G对波形的影响进行了研究。我们发现,当两板间距为表面行进波半波长的倍数时,将出现波的陷井现象或波形的不变性现象,并对可能出现的共振现象进行了讨论。通过实验对所提理论进行了初步验证。     

冻融环境下沙漠砂对混凝土轴心受压力学性能的影响

为研究沙漠砂对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,采用快速冻融方法,进行掺沙漠砂混凝土冻融后轴心抗压强度试验,得到不同冻融循环作用下掺沙漠砂混凝土破坏特征和应力-应变曲线,分析不同冻融循环下掺沙漠砂混凝土表面损伤特征、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率和超声波波速损失率的变化规律.结果表明:随着冻融循环次数增加,掺沙漠砂混凝土质量损失率变化较小,动弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率、相对峰值应变和极限应变均增大,相对峰值应力和横向变形系数均减小,弹性模量先增大后减小;在相同冻融循环次数下,掺沙漠砂混凝土弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率和相对峰值应变均小于普通混凝土,相对峰值应力、横向变形系数和弹性模量比普通混凝土高.采用过镇海提出的单轴受压本构模型拟合得到应力-应变全曲线方程,分析冻融循环对应力-应变曲线控制参数的影响,可对沙漠砂混凝土结构的抗冻性能进行分析.     

Underwater explosion in centrifuge Part Ⅱ:Dynamic responses of defensive steel plate

Part II of this paper is focused on the dynamic response of a steel plate of the centrifuge model which is fixed on the container. This plate is 5 cm thick, allowing for non-destructive elastic response to all the 19 blasts. Three accelerators and 10 sets of strain gauges are installed on the plate to monitor the acceleration and deformation histories induced by shock waves and bubble oscillations.This article presents the characteristic values measured for shock waves and bubble oscillations response. The detailed information can be found in a database available on the web. In order to obtain the correct acceleration time history, the cut-off frequency of low-pass filtering by Fourier transformation was applied. The results indicated that the acceleration and strain induced by shock wave was nearly unaffected by the increasing gravity, while the effect of gravity has remarkable influence on those induced by bubble oscillation. A preliminary study of comparing the measured dynamic response with numerical simulations has been carried out using ANSYS LS-DYNA. The results captured the dynamic response in terms of characteristics and trends, but deviated in magnitude due the theoretical and technological limitations involved in both the physical and numerical models. It certainly deserves further studies.     

仿生非光滑注射器针头注射过程接触有限元模拟

应用接触非线性有限元方法对普通针头及两种分别具有锯齿形和波纹形仿生非光滑表面针头的注射过程进行了数值模拟,求得了软组织在该过程中应力、速度、动能和内能的变化时间历程,直观描述了非光滑表面对针头在注射这一动态过程中的影响。通过三种针头的对比和分析表明,仿生非光滑针头具有减阻和减痛效果,并且具有波纹形非光滑表面的针头效果更加明显,与试验研究结果吻合。     

瑞雷面波勘探法的资料处理与解释

瑞雷波常称为面波。瑞雷面波勘探方法是一种新型的地球物理勘探方法,是近期发展起来的一种浅层工程地球物理新方法。瑞雷面波勘探法最基本的理论是其频散特性。当介质为半无限弹性介质时,在自由空间和弹性介质分界面上将会出现一种波,这就是瑞雷波。面波勘探法主要有稳态法和瞬态法,两种勘探方法的区别在于震源不同,前者是以一单频率的瑞雷波来获取速度曲线,而后者需要分析叠加在一起的瑞雷波。两种方法最后得到的结果相同,但实现的技术路径截然不同,表现出各自的特点。     

数字滤波法分离高、基阶模态瑞利面波的应用

面波勘探主要利用基阶模态面波频散曲线进行定性或定量解释,而记录中的高阶模态面波对提取基阶模态面波频散曲线是一种规则干扰,本文采用二维数字滤波法去除高视速度的高阶模态面波。模拟了软夹层型和硬夹层型两种地层结构的含多阶模态面波理论记录和频散数据。利用带通切饼式二维数字滤波器对存在视速度差异的高阶模态面波和基阶模态面波进行滤波分离试验,研究证明二维数字滤波方法简单可行,可以在一定程度上压制高阶模态面波的影响。特别对于高阶模态面波影响严重的面波记录有突出基阶模态面波的较好效果。