ADSL-DMT系统的子信道均衡算法仿真

在采用离散多载波调制(DMT)的ADSL中,需要使用均衡技术来缩短信道的响应时间,从而使系统发端可以采用长度较短的循环前缀来消除码间干扰。但传统的均衡算法复杂度高且对所有子信道做统一处理,限制了系统性能。针对这一问题,该文介绍了一种改进的结构———每个子音频信道上使用一个多抽头的频域均衡器,并通过仿真分析得到,该均衡器能够实现各个子信道的信噪比最大化,从而在相同传输条件下提高了系统容量,降低了系统对同步时延的敏感度,最后分析总结了该均衡器的简单初始化方法。     

无循环前缀单载波频域均衡及信道估计算法

单载波频域均衡(Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization,SC-FDE)技术可以有效地消除符号间干扰(ISI),相对于OFDM,具有较低的峰均比(PAPR),因此成为宽带无线通信关键技术之一。传统的SC-FDE系统需要在发送帧前面加入循环前缀(Cyclic-Prefix,CP),且CP长度要大于信道最大多径时延,这就降低了频带利用率,使得发射机功率增加。在取消CP情况下,通过隐训练序列获得信道脉冲响应估计信息,之后利用虚拟补零技术,恢复发送信号和信道的循环卷积,并通过迭代处理消除干扰。仿真结果表明,在信噪比大于3 d B后,算法误码率便接近相同信噪比条件下的高斯白噪声信道,性能较为理想。     

基于椭球基扩展模型的OFDM快变信道估计仿真

在无线正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)系统中,快速时变信道带来的子载波间干扰(intercarrier interference,ICI)影响子载波间的正交性,严重恶化系统性能.由于信道在一个OFDM符号期间内就发生变化,导致信道的频域矩阵不再具有对角性,给信道估计带来新的挑战.为解决上述问题,针对快变信道情况下,利用椭球基扩展信道模型,采用频域插入优化的梳状导频的方法,基于改进的线性最小均方误差估计器(LMMSE)对快变信道进行估计,仿真结果表明,方法能够对快变信道进行准确估计,为信道均衡提供了良好的性能.     

Turbo-OFDM系统中的自适应均衡算法

为减少Turbo-OFDM(正交频分复用)系统中的载波间干扰和符号间干扰,提出一种基于频率优化和反馈滤波的均衡算法。该算法在目标误码率下,通过功率的优化配置,关闭无效的子带。利用零、极点抵消原理,通过自适应地选择级联反馈滤波器缩短信道冲激长度,从而降低Turbo码均衡算法的复杂度和OFDM的循环长度,提高频谱利用率。     

OFDM中一种自适应盲均衡及改进算法

信道均衡在多载波系统中有很重要的应用.研究了OFDM信道自适应盲均衡问题,首先分析了Merry算法,基本思想是如果有效信道长度缩短到循环前缀长度以内,那么接收端符号具有和发送端符号一样的性质.但是Merry算法所构造的代价函数仅考虑了OFDM符号中循环前缀最后一个抽样与该符号最后一个抽样之间的关系.针对问题,构造了一个新的代价函数,利用了OFDM符号循环前缀中所有抽样的信息.文中对新算法进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,算法性能上明显要好于Merry算法.     

基于能量最优的通信安全频域均衡方法仿真

无线通信不可避免的会受到传输环境的影响,使其受到较为严重的码间干扰,导致频域失衡。目前的频域均衡控制方法虽然可以一定程度地抑制码间干扰,但并未考虑无线通信能量资源,导致能量资源的利用率较低,通信网络寿命较低。为此提出一种基于能量最优的通信安全频域均衡方法。首先分析频域均衡原理,将发射数据中最后一帧拷贝到帧头,以此作为循环的前缀通过并串变换传送至接收端,清除循环前缀,获得重建后数据信号中的MMSE(最小均方误差)均衡与迫零均衡,其次使用SC-FDE(单载波频域均衡)系统清除信号间隔来保护码间串扰,并利用最小均方误差减少信道深衰落完成基于能量最优的均衡补偿。仿真得出,所提方法能够有效保证信道安全性,拥有较好的频域均衡效果,相比其它方法更节省能量,延长通信网络的寿命。     

多径瑞利衰落信道下OFDM系统仿真

正交频分复用(OFDM)技术是下一代移动通信的核心技术之一.重点研究了多径瑞利衰落信道下最大多径时延对基于OFDM技术的通信系统性能的影响.根据OFDM基本原理构建了一个OFDM无线通信基带系统仿真模型,信道带宽为15MHz.调制方式为16-QAM,编码方式采用码率为1/2的卷积,模型采用了60个子载波,并插入了循环前缀.分析了系统抗多径干扰的性能,比较了不同信道下系统的误码率,以及不同的保护间隔长度下系统的误码率.表明在瑞利衰落信道下OFDM技术具有良好的抗多径干扰的性能.     

ST OFDM载波间干扰线性均衡技术

分析了频率非选择性衰落信道下STOFDM系统载波间干扰的具体内容,利用连续发射已知ST-OFDM符号来估计ST-OFDM中各个子载波对其他子载波的干扰,然后通过特定的线性均衡方法达到STOFDM载波间干扰的抑制。在莱斯衰落信道下的仿真结果表明,选择6个相邻子载波12个干扰系数的均衡技术ST-OFDM系统可获得至少10dB的信干比增益,可以使STOFDM系统在性能和运算量上获得最佳。     

低信噪比OFDM信号符号周期盲估计

针对认知无线电系统中正交频分复用(OFDM)信号参数估计这一重要问题,利用OFDM信号的循环谱实现了符号周期的盲估计。首先证明了加循环前缀矩形脉冲成型的OFDM信号具有循环平稳性,然后分别在无噪声和低信噪比条件下,以单载波信号的循环谱为基础,利用OFDM信号各子载波的正交性,从理论上推导出了OFDM信号的循环谱表达式。最后通过对连续信号和离散信号进行仿真,得到了相同的循环谱图,并且在低信噪比条件下,利用循环谱实现了OFDM信号符号周期的盲估计。     

改进的基于DFT的OFDM系统信道估计算法

在正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,针对常用的信道估计算法不能有效地抑制信道冲激响应中循环前缀长度内噪声的不足,提出了一种改进的基于离散傅里叶变换（DFT）的信道估计算法。该算法是一个多次迭代的过程,通过最小二乘算法获得导频位置处的信道频域响应,经过逆傅里叶变换后,利用时域内引入的能量增长速率函数来判断信道冲激响应分布情况,以便对其进行消噪处理,最后通过多次迭代进一步抑制子载波间干扰和加性高斯白噪声。仿真结果表明,无论在多普勒频移较小还是较大的情况下,该算法的估计性能均优于最小二乘（LS）信道估计算法、传统基于DFT的信道估计算法和基于阈值的信道估计算法。在系统误比特率为[10-2]时,改进的基于DFT的信道估计算法比其他算法有3~5 dB的性能增益。     

OFDM系统中基于CE-BEM信道建模的低复杂度均衡*

在移动正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,时变信道引起子载波间干扰（ICI）,从而导致系统性能严重下降。均衡作为消除ICI的主要手段而被广泛采用,但是大多数情况下,由于需要进行高阶矩阵的求逆运算,导致均衡面临着运算复杂度过高的问题。提出采用复指数基扩展模型（CE-BEM）对时变信道进行建模,并利用估计得到的模型系数直接构造判决反馈均衡器（DFE）,从而避免了矩阵求逆运算,大大降低了运算复杂度。同时,该DFE通过理论分析和仿真实践均被证明具有良好的均衡效果,能有效地消除ICI并改善系统性能。     

Blind symbol timing synchronization scheme for real-time industrial wireless control network using high-speed preambleless OFDM systems over multipath fading channels

An accurate estimation of symbol timing is crucial for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demodulation, since synchronization errors might destroy the orthogonality among all subcarriers and have greater impact on the system performance than single carrier systems. The symbol timing offset (STO) that leads to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel interference (ICI) must be avoided as much as possible. In this paper, a novel symbol timing synchronization algorithm is proposed for OFDM systems on the basis of cyclic prefix (CP). A metric function and a positioning function have been designed by taking advantage of the correlation properties of OFDM signals. Computer simulations demonstrate that the schemes are superior because they achieve accurate timing offset estimation with smaller standard deviation (SD) and relatively lower computational complexity compared with the existing methods based on CP under high signal–noise ratio (SNR) assumption over frequency-selective channels, which can meet the real-time requirements in wireless local area network (WLAN) environments for factory automation (FA).     

Robust multi-branch space–time beamforming for OFDM system with interference

Space–time receive beamforming is a promising technique to suppress co-channel multiuser interference for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, the performance of existing receive beamforming methods is highly sensitive to the memory length of time–domain equalizer. In this paper, we propose a new robust solution of space–time receive beamforming to combat co-channel multiuser interference for OFDM systems. The proposed method performs subspace analysis for the received space–time snapshots from both the training block and few data blocks, and constrains the space–time beamforming vectors to lie in the corresponding signal subspace. A few beamforming vectors are then carefully designed to suppress interference as well as provide the potential multi-branch diversity gain. The numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed studies. We show that the proposed method not only can outperform the exiting competitors but also has the advantage of being quite insensitive to the memory length of time–domain equalizer.     

时变衰落信道下的正交频分复用通信系统ICI消除

信道的时间变化使得正交频分复用通信系统(OFDM)载波间的正交性遭到破坏,从而产生载波间的相互干扰(ICI),导致系统接收性能明显降低。为解决这个问题,需对接收信号进行ICI消除,以恢复载波间的正交性。传统的ICI分析均在频域进行,在此基础上提出的ICI消除算法存在计算量大或频谱利用率低等缺点。为此,该文对ICI的产生机理和性质进行了时域和频域两方面的分析,在此基础上提出了一种高效ICI消除算法,即时域迭代消除法。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明:该算法具有消除效果好、计算量小和频谱利用率高等优点。     

Iterative decision feedback equalizer with cyclic detection for DFT-S OFDM system

One of the most challenging problems in high-data-rate wireless transmission is to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) resulted from the time dispersion caused by multi-path propagation. To solve this problem, equalization is introduced. Generally, efficient decision feedback equalizer (DFE) holds better performance than linear equalizer for the cancellation of ISI without noise enhancement. However, its inherent error propagation has some limitation for further improvement. In fact, as shown later in simulation results, conventional frequency domain DFE (FD-DFE) almost cannot be used in Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (DFT-S OFDM) system in Evolved-UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) uplink transmission [3GPP, TR 25.814 V1.2.3. Physical layer aspects for evolved UTRA. May 2006 [release 7]]. Unique word (UW) is proposed in the literatures, as a known symbol sequence, can make error propagation beyond one FFT-block impossible since the last symbols of every block are always decided correctly. But the UW-based scheme is not appropriate for DFT-S OFDM, so it must be modified. This paper proposes a simple DFE-based equalization algorithm for DFT-S OFDM. Through cyclic detection and iteration, the new algorithm obtains a noticeable gain than conventional DFE, and is almost as effective as the modified UW-based methods but with much higher bandwidth efficiency. Furthermore, it does not need to change the frame structure of existing protocol.     

Low complexity cell search scheme for LTE and LTE-advanced mobile technologies

In this paper, we propose a novel method to accomplish the cell search procedure in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) mobile systems. By means of detecting the cyclic prefix (CP) configuration in the time domain, it is possible to reduce both the inter symbolic interference (ISI) and the inter carrier interference (ICI) prior to the detection of dedicated synchronization signals (SS) involved in cell search procedure. Thus, the SS detection is efficiently performed in the frequency domain while the implementation complexity is reduced, since the proposed architecture minimizes the necessity of matched filters. Results show that cell search procedure is successfully accomplished while keeping the cell search time in the range of 3–5 radio frames.     

OFDM系统的频偏估计算法

载波频偏会破坏正交频分复用系统(OFDM)各个子载波间的正交性,造成载波间干扰(ICI)和符号间干扰(ISI)。本文结合中国移动多媒体广播(CMMB)[1]信道的帧结构和调制方式,利用不同数据码元间共轭相乘的算法来完成整数倍频偏(IFO)的捕获。最后采用最小二乘估计法捕获采样频偏和残余频偏。计算机仿真验证了算法能准确的完成频偏估计。     

The performance of multiwavelets based OFDM system under different channel conditions

In wireless communication reception, the reliability of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is limited because of the time-varying nature of the channel. This causes inter-carrier interference (ICI) and increases inaccuracies in channel tracking. This can effectively be avoided at the cost of power loss and bandwidth expansion by inserting a cyclic prefix guard interval before each block of parallel data symbols. However, this guard interval decreases the spectral efficiency of the OFDM system as the corresponding amount. Recently, it was found that based on Haar-orthonormal wavelets, discrete wavelet-based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) is capable of reducing the inter symbol interference (ISI) and ICI, which are caused by the loss in orthogonality between the carriers. DWT-OFDM can also support much higher spectrum efficiency than discrete Fourier-based OFDM (DFT-OFDM). In this paper the DFT-OFDM is replaced by Multiwavelets OFDM (DMWT-OFDM) in order to further reduce the level of interference and increase spectral efficiency. It is found that proposed Multiwavelet design achieves much lower bit error rates, increases signal to noise power ratio (SNR), and can be used as an alternative to the conventional OFDM. The proposed OFDM system was modeled tested, and its performance was found under different channel conditions.     

广义频分复用系统在电力线通信中的运用

在现有的电力线通信系统(Power Line Communication,PLC)中,正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex,OFDM)由于能够有效地消除电力线系统中的脉冲噪声干扰.多径时延干扰和群时延干扰,已成为一种主要的技术手段.OFDM技术尽管具有上述优点,但却存在高峰值功率.循环前缀导致的频谱利用率受限等问题.相应地,与OFDM具有不同设计思路的、基于成形滤波器的广义频分复用系统(Generalized Frequency Division Multiplex,GFDM)也就成为当前研究的热点.GFDM通过设计适合信道时延的成形滤波器,利用其时频聚焦性,可兼有抵抗字符间干扰(Inter Symbol Interference,ISI)和载波间干扰(Inter Carriers Interference,ICI)的能力,并可获得更高的频谱效率(无须循环前缀).