共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Ricardo J. Pollero 《Lipids》1983,18(1):12-17
Neutral lipid, phospholipids and fatty acids of the sea anemonePhymactis clematis from the south-west Atlantic were characterized and quantified in spring and autumn. Neutral lipids predominated over phospholipids
in both seasons. Triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol ethers were the major lipids. In spring, an increase of esterified sterols
was noted. The major fatty acids found were 22∶5ω3, 20∶5ω3 and 16∶0. The sea anemones were also incubated in vivo with either
[1-14C]linoleate or [1-14C] α-linolenate for 2 hr. Isotope incorporation into lipids and their transformations into higher fatty acids were examined.
Both precursors were incorporated into the lipids, mainly in triacylglycerols and mono-acylglycerols, while α-linolenate was
also incorporated into phospholipids. The radioactive linoleate was elongated to 20∶2, 22∶2 and 24∶2 fatty acids, but not
desaturated to 18∶3ω6. α-Linolenate was desaturated by Δ6 desaturase to 18∶4ω3. The specificity of Δ6-desaturase is discussed. 相似文献
2.
Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were extracted with chloroform-methanol (2∶1) and examined primarily for neutral lipids and fatty acids. TLC showed spots
for sterols, hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, phospholipids and pigments but none for glycerides (tri-, di- or mono). Saponification
of the crude lipid extract yielded 32% fatty acids, 25% unsaponifiables and 43% unidentified. The lipid contained 3% hydrocarbon
and 16% sterols. GLC of the hydrocarbons showed at least 13 components. GLC of the sterol fraction showed peaks corresponding
to cholesterol (the major component), γ-sitosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and ergosterol. GLC showed that
at least 38 fatty acids were present, with 18∶1, 18∶2, 18∶0, 20∶1 and 17∶0 predominanting.
Abstracted in part from the Ph.D. dissertation of J. Cerbulis, Rutgers, The State University, 1966. 相似文献
3.
Lih-Ling Wang Andrew C. Peng Andrew Proctor 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(8):499-502
Lipids from five cultivars of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids (60–66%), glycolipids (20–22%) and phospholipids (14–18%). The major
fatty acids in all fractions were palmitic (16∶0), oleic (18∶1), linoleic (18∶2), and linolenic (18∶3) acids. All lipid classes
had a large concentration of C18 polyunsaturated acids (84–92%), indicating that blueberries are a rich source of linoleic and linolenic acids. Changes in
the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids were not significantly different among the five cultivars,
but significant differences were noted in the ratios of linoleic and linolenic acids in the glycolipids fraction. 相似文献
4.
The unsaponifiable lipids and total fatty acids of a nonphotosynthetic diatom,Nitzschia alba, have been examined. The major fatty acids were found to be 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶1, and 20∶5; small amounts of 15∶0, 16∶1, 18∶0,
18∶2, 18∶3, and 20∶4 acids also were present. The unsaponifiable lipids consisted mostly of sterols, with only traces (<0.1%)
of hydrocarbons (chiefly C16, C18, and C28 normal olefins). The sterols contained brassicasterol (major) and clionasterol (minor), as well as traces of an unidentified
sterol; clionasterol was present only in glycosidically bound form. 相似文献
5.
The fatty chain compositions of 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl, 1-0-alkyl-2-acyl, and 1,2-diacyl glycerophospholipids of the Japanese oysterCrassostrea gigas (Thunberg) were investigated. Major fatty chains in thesn-1 position of 1-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl ethanolamine phospholipids (EPL) were 18∶0 (64.7%) and 20∶1 (11.1%). Majorsn-1 chains of alkenylacyl choline phospholipids (CPL) were 18∶0 (63.3%) and 16∶0 (22.2%). In the case of 1-alkyl-2-acyl EPL,
the predominant fatty chains in thesn-1 position were 18∶0 (51.5%), 16∶0 (16.0%) and 20∶1 (12.5%); in the case of 1-alkyl-2-acyl CPL, the majorsn-1 chains were 16∶0 (44.0%) and 14∶0 (23.4%). Saturated fatty chains were predominant in both EPL and CPL. Prominent fatty
acids in thesn-2 position of the alkenylacyl EPL were 22∶6n−3 (29.0%), 20∶5n−3 (19.0%) and 22∶2 NMID (non-methylene interrupted dienes,
16.6%) contributing to about 65% of the total fatty acids, while alkenylacyl CPL was rich in the saturated acids 16∶0 (32.0%)
and 18∶0 (9.2%). In the alkylacyl EPL, 16∶0, 18∶1n−9, 18∶0 and 16∶1n−7 were prominentsn-2 fatty acids and accounted for 30.6%, 10.0%, 9.8%, and 8.3%, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected, but
were present at extremely low percentages. Majorsn-2 fatty acids in alkylacyl CPL were 16∶0 (25.4%), 22∶6n−3 (16.0%) and 20∶5n−3 (8.4%). The major fatty acids of diacyl EPL
were 20∶5n−3 (22.3%), 16∶0 (17.9%), and 18∶0 (16.1%), and those of diacyl CPL were 16∶0 (30.4%), 20∶5n−3 (17.6%) and 18∶1n−7
(7.4%). 相似文献
6.
Two unusual lipid classes were detected by thin-layer chromatography in the neutral lipids derived from goat cauda-epididymal
sperm plasma membrane. The lipids were identified as wax esters and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols based on chromatographic properties, identity of their hydrolysis products, and infrared/1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral evidence. The membrane containedca. 3 and 5 μg/mg protein of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerols, respectively. The relative proportions of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerols
in the total neutral lipids were 1.5% and 2.4%, respectively. The lipids contained fatty acids with chain lengths of C14 to C22. The major fatty acids of the wax esters were 14∶0, 16∶0, 16∶1ω7, 18∶0 and 18∶1ω9. The fatty acids in alkyldiacylglycerol
were 16∶0, 18∶0, 22∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3. Alkyldiacylglycerol was particularly rich in docosahexaenoic acid 22∶6ω3) representing
30% of the total fatty acids. The alcohols of wax ester were all saturated with C20–C29 carbon chains. The deacylated products derived from alkyldiacylglycerols were identified as hexadecyl, octadecyl and octadec-9′-enyl
glycerol ethers. 相似文献
7.
The neutral and polar lipid composition ofEntomophthora coronata was determined qualitatively. The fungus was grown on a chemically nondefined medium (Sabouraud dextrose yeast extract) and
a chemically defined medium for a period up to 26 days. The lipids were characterized by thin-layer, column, gas chromatography,
and selective sprays,32P-labeling, and mass spectrometry. The neutral lipids consist of monoglycerides, diglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids,
triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters. The polar lipids consist of phospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl
choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl choline, and spingomyelin), a number of glycolipids including cerebrosides,
and many unrecognizable lipids, most of which are present in trace amounts. The cerebrosides and spingomyelin are present
in significant amounts, and their concentration increased with age of the culture. The major fatty acids (>10%) of the total,
neutral, and polar lipids of the mycelia are 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶1, 18∶3(γ), and 24∶1. The polar lipids of total culture (unsaturation
index 0.88) and of the conidia (unsaturation index 1.48) are considerably more unsaturated than the corresponding neutral
lipids (unsaturated index 0.50 and 0.49). The mycelial polar lipids, compared to the neutral lipids, possess less 14∶0 and
18∶1 but contain a greater percentage of 16∶0, 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), 24∶0, and 24∶1. The major fatty acid of the conidia (>10%) are
13∶0, 14∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), and 20∶4. Their polar lipids have a higher proportion of 18∶2, 18∶3(γ), and 20∶4. The cerebrosides
possess 24.1 in high relative proportion (30.1%).
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, October 1971. 相似文献
8.
The lipid composition of the yellow clam,Mesodesma mactroides, that lives in the northern beaches of the Buenos Aires province of Argentina was studied. The main nonpolar lipids are triglycerides
and alkoxyglycerides. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl serine are the main phospholipids.
The predominant fatty acids are 16∶0, 16∶1ω7, 18∶0, 18∶1ω9, 20∶5ω3, and 22∶6ω3. The are mainly provided by the clam's food
and stored in the hepatopancreas. The content of polyunsaturated acids increases in summer together with an increase in nonpolar
lipids and is correlative with an increase in phytoplankton in the sea water. Sexual maturity modifies the lipid composition
of gametes. 相似文献
9.
Yu-Yan Yeh 《Lipids》1988,23(12):1114-1118
A restricted maternal dietary intake (40% of ad libitum intake) is known to cause myelin deficit that is accompanied by decreased
amounts of individual phospholipids and sphingolipids in brain myelin of suckling rats. This communication reports the effects
of the same nutritional stress on the fatty acid composition of brain myelin lipids. In myelin of 19-day-old normally fed
rats, palmitate (16∶0), stearate (18∶0) and oleate (18∶1) accounted for 80–90% of all fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Maternal dietary restriction resulted in deficits of total fatty acid content,
but did not affect the proportional distribution of individual fatty acids among phospholipids. By contrast, longer chain
(22- and 24-carbon) fatty acids accounted for more than half the fatty acid content of myelin cerebroside and sulfatide from
the 19-day-old control rat pups. In undernourished rats of that age, proportions of lignocerate (24∶0) and nervonate (24∶1)
in cerebroside and sulfatide were 40–50% lower than those in control rats. This, together with higher proportions of 16∶0,
18∶0 and 18∶1 and a higher ratio of C16−C20 to C22−C24 in under-nourished than in control rats, suggests an impairment in fatty acid chain elongation. Ten days of nutritional rehabilitation
failed to restore the fatty acid imbalances; however, after an additional 5 days of ad libitum feeding, the experimental and
control values were similar. The undernutrition results in hypomyelination, which is characterized by a proportional decrease
in lignoceric and nervonic acids of sphingolipids. 相似文献
10.
W. McLean Grogan 《Lipids》1984,19(5):341-346
Fatty acid methyl esters of long-chain polyenoic fatty acids (LCPA) from rat testis injected with [1-14C] arachidonate were analyzed and separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Earlier, all
previously identified LCPA were prepared in high purity along with 4 previously unidentified fatty acids, which were further
characterized by capillary gas chromatography (GC), catalytic hydrogenation and alkaline isomerization. Unidentified fatty
acids proved to be 26∶4, 26∶5, 28∶5 and 30∶5. All of these LCPA incorporated14C from arachidonate (20∶4) to specific activities that were comparable to that of 20∶4 and previously identified metabolites
of 20∶4 and much greater than specific activities of 18∶1n−9 or 22∶6n−3. LCPA were analyzed on a capillary GC system capable
of resolving knowncis-trans and positional isomers of the n−3, n−6, n−7 and n−9 families of unsaturated fatty acids. Log plots of isothermal retention
times and normal plots of temperature programmed retention times were linear (r=0.999) in carbon number when values for known
and previously unidentified LCPA of 4 or 5 double bonds, respectively, were coplotted. Thus, the newly identified fatty acids
belong to the n−6 family of fatty acids synthesized from arachidonic acid. 相似文献
11.
Molecular architecture and biophysical properties of phospholipids during thermal adaptation in fish: An experimental and model study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elfrieda Fodor Richard H. Jones Csaba Buda Klara Kitajka Indranil Dey Tibor Farkas 《Lipids》1995,30(12):1119-1126
Phospholipids from livers of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) adapted to winter (5°C) and summer (25°C) temperatures were isolated, and the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids,
as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and ethanolamines, were determined. Order parameter
of 5-doxyl stearic acid and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of different anthroyloxy fatty acids—[2-, 12(N-9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid and 16(N-9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid—embedded in native and synthetic (16∶0/16∶0, 16∶0/22∶6, 18∶0/22∶6, 18∶1/22∶6, 20∶4/20∶4, 22∶6/22∶6
phosphatidylcholines and 16∶0/18∶1, 18∶1/22∶6 phosphatidylethanolamines) phospholipid vesicles was also determined between
−30 and 30°C and 5 and 30°C, respectively. There is an accumulation of 1-monoenoic, 2-polyenoic diacyl phosphatidylcholine
and ethanolamine with a concomitant reduction of 1-stearoyl,2-docosahexaenoyl species in the cold-adapted state. Despite a
30% accumulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids in cold, there is only a 5°C downshift in the
solid-gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature (−8 vs. −13°C). Vesicles from total phospholipids of cold-adapted
fish proved to be more disordered in all segments than from the warmadapted ones when assayed using 2,12-(N-9-anthroyloxy)stearic and 16-(N-9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid. Vesicles made from purified phosphatidylcholines showed the same pattern, but they were more
disordered than the corresponding total phospholipids. This could be modelled using mixed phospholipid vesicles made of synthetic
16∶0/22∶6 phosphatidylcholine (75%) and either 18∶1/22∶6 phosphatidylethanolamine (25%) vs. 16∶0/18∶1 phosphatidylethanolamine
(25%) and comparison of the anisotropy parameters of 100% 16∶0/22∶6 and 100% 18∶1/22∶6 phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Mixing
either 16∶0/18∶1 (25%) or 18∶1/22∶6 (25%) phosphatidylethanolamines to 18∶0/22∶6 (75%) phosphatidylcholine shifted down or
up, respectively, the transition temperature of vesicles compared to 100% 18∶0/22∶6 vesicles assayed by electron spin resonance
spectroscopy using 5-doxylstearic acid. It is concluded that it is not the gross amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty
acids in phospholipids, but rather their specific combination withcis Δ9 monounsaturated fatty acids in the positionsn-1, especially in phosphatidylethanolamines, that is important in determining the physical properties of biomembranes in relation
to adaptational temperature. 相似文献
12.
John R. Ashes Brian D. Siebert Suresh K. Gulati Abla Z. Cuthbertson Trevor W. Scott 《Lipids》1992,27(8):629-631
This study examines the biohydrogenation and utilization of the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids in ruminants. Eicosapentaenoic (20∶5n−3) and docosahexaenoic (22∶6n−3) acids were not biohydrogenated
to any significant extent by rumen microorganisms, whereas C18 polyenoic fatty acids were extensively hydrogenated. The feeding of protected fish oil increased the proportion of 20∶5 from
1% to 13–18% and 22∶6 from 2% to 7–9% in serum lipids and there were reductions in the proportion of stearic (18∶0) and linoleic
(18∶2) acids. The proportion of 20∶5 in muscle phospholipids (PL) increased from 1.5% to 14.7% and 22∶6 from 1.0% to 4.2%;
these acids were not incorporated into muscle or adipose tissue triacylglycerols (TAG). In the total PL of muscle, the incorporated
20∶5 and 22∶6 substituted primarily for oleic (18∶1) and/or linoleic (18∶2) acid, and there was no consistent change in the
porportion of arachidonic (20∶4) acid. 相似文献
13.
The total lipids and fatty acid composition ofEntomophthora coronata were determined. The fungus was grown on a chemically defined medium and a chemically nondefined medium (Sabouraud dextrose
yeast extract) for a period of 26 days. The organism contained from 16.2% to 44.6% total lipids depending upon the days of
growth. The major fatty acids were 12∶0 (5.5–9.0%), 13∶0 (1.2–8.2%), 14∶0 (33.5–43.5%), 16∶0 (9.7–13.9%), 18∶19 (20.4–22.4%), and 18∶29,12 (3.5–10.5%). Lesser amounts of 15∶0, 16∶1, 16∶2, 17∶0, 18∶0, two other 18∶2 (both having conjugated double bonds), 18∶36,9,12, another 18∶3 (conjugated double bonds), 20∶38,11,14, 20∶45,8,11,14, another 20∶4 (conjugated double bonds), and 24∶1 acids were found. Trace amounts of 20∶0, 20∶1, 20∶2, 22∶0 and 24∶0 were
also present. The relative percentage of most of the fatty acids did not vary appreciably with growth. However, 18∶29,12 and 20∶45,8,11,14 increased with age of the chemically defined culture. Peak E (18∶2, conjugated double bonds) increased and 13∶0 and 18∶36,9,12 decreased with age of the chemically nondefined culture. The fatty acids were predominately saturated (56.9–69.1%) and contained
a high percentage of shorter chain fatty acids (C 12 to C 15). The fatty acids of the chemically defined culture were more
unsaturated than the Sabouraud culture and the unsaturation increased with age of the culture. 相似文献
14.
The fatty acid composition and distribution in egg yolk triglycerides and phosphatides from the turkey, duck, prairie chicken,
bobwhite quail, Japanese quail, and inbred-hybrid and midget mutant hens were determined after all species had been fed diets
of similar fat and fatty acid content for 90 days. Total volk lipids were composed of ca. two-thirds neutral lipids and one-third
polar lipids. The predominant fatty acids were palmitic and stearic. There were statistically significant differences in the
my ristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in the yolk triglycerides and in the proportion of 16∶1, 18∶0,
18∶2, arachidonic, docosanoic, docosahexaenoic, and tetracosanoic acids in the phosphatides among the various species. Linoleic
acid predominantly was linked at the 2-position in the yolk triglycerides followed by the 20∶4 acid. The 18∶1 acid also was
found preferentially at the 2-position. There was a low level of 18∶2 in the yolk triglycerides and phosphatides from the
duck and an especially high level of 20∶4 acid in the phosphatides. The triglycerides in the species studied have essentially
the same distribution of fatty acids in the 2-position. In all the species, the affinity for the fatty acids at the 2-position
is in the following order: 18∶2=20∶4>18∶1 =18∶3>18∶0=16∶1>14∶0>16∶0 Differences observed among the various genera did not
appear to follow taxonomic boundaries. The duck has an efficient system for converting 18∶2 into 20∶4 by elongation and desaturation.
The prairie chicken apparently has a high requirement for 18∶2 but an inadequate system for its conversion into 20∶4. 相似文献
15.
The fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in subcellular fractions of sheep platelets and the asymmetrical distribution
of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fatty acyl chains across the plasma membrane were examined. The main fatty acids of total
lipid extracts were oleic (18∶1; 32–41%), linoleic (18∶2, 10–17%), stearic (18∶0; 13–15%), palmitic (16∶0; 11–15%) and arachidonic
(20∶4; 8–12%) acids, with a saturated/unsaturated ratio of about 0.4. Each phospholipid class had a distinct fatty acid pattern.
Sphingomyelin (SM) showed the highest degree of saturation (50%), with large proportions of behenic (22∶0), 18∶0 and 16∶0
acids. The main fatty acid in PE, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was 18∶1n−9. Our findings suggest that
fatty acids are asymmetrically distributed between thecholineversus the non-choline phospholipids, and also between plasma membranes and intracellular membranes. The transbilayer distribution
of PE fatty acids in plasma membranes from non-stimulated sheep platelets was investigated using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
(TNBS). A significant degree of asymmetry was found, which is a new observation in a non-polar cell. The PE molecules from
the inner monolayer contained higher amounts of 18∶2 and significantly less 18∶1 and 20∶5 than those found in the outer monolayer,
although no major differences were detected in the transbilayer distribution of total unsaturatedversus saturated PE acyl chains. 相似文献
16.
The lipid composition of the pineal organ from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined to establish whether the involvement of this organ in the control of circadian rhythms is reflected by specific
adaptations of lipid composition. Lipid comprised 4.9% of the tissue wet weight and triacylglycerols were the major lipid
class present (47% of total lipid). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the principal polar lipid, and smaller proportions of other
phospholipids and cholesterol were also present. Plasmalogens contributed 11% of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EGP).
No cerebrosides were detected. The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols was generally similar to that of total lipids
in which saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were present in almost equal proportions. Each
of the polar lipid classes had a specific fatty acid composition. With the exception of phosphatidylinositol (PI), in which
20∶4n−6 comprised 27.4% of the total fatty acids, 22∶6n−3 was the principal PUFA in all lipid classes. The proportion of 20∶5n−3
never exceeded 6.0% of the fatty acids in any lipid class. The predominant molecular species of PC were 16∶0/22∶6n−3 and 16∶0/18∶1,
which accounted for 33.2 and 28.5%, respectively, of the total molecular species of this phospholipid. Phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE) contained the highest level of di-22∶6n−3 (13.0%) of any phospholipid. There was also 4.9% of this molecular species
in phosphatidylserine (PS) and 4.1% in PC. In PE, the species 16∶0/22∶6, 18∶1/22∶6 and 18∶0/22∶6 totalled 45.1%, while in
PS 18∶0/22∶6 accounted for 43.9% of the total molecular species. The most abundant molecular species of PI was 18∶0/20∶4n−6
(37.8%). The lipid composition of the pineal organ of trout, and particularly the molecular species composition of PI, is
more similar to the composition of the retina than that of the brain.
Molecular species are abbreviated as follows: e.g., 16∶0/22∶6 PC is 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 相似文献
17.
Liver nuclear incorporation of stearic (18∶0), linoleic (18∶2n−6), and arachidonic (20∶4n−6) acids was studied by incubation
in vitro of the [1-14C] fatty acids with nuclei, with or without the cytosol fraction at different times. The [1-14C] fatty acids were incorporated into the nuclei as free fatty acids in the following order: 18∶0>20∶4n−6≫18∶2n−6, and esterified
into nuclear lipids by an acyl-CoA pathway. All [1-14C] fatty acids were esterified mainly to phospholipids and triacylglycerols and in a minor proportion to diacylglycerols.
Only [1-14C] 18∶2n−6-CoA was incorporated into cholesterol esters. The incorporation was not modified by cytosol addition. The incorporation
of 20∶4n−6 into nuclear phosphatidylcholine (PC) pools was also studied by incubation of liver nuclei in vitro with [1-14C]20∶4n−6-CoA, and nuclear labeled PC molecular species were determined. From the 15 PC nuclear molecular species determined,
five were labeled with [1-14C]20∶4n−6-CoA: 18∶0–20∶4, 16∶0–20∶4, 18∶1–20∶4, 18∶2–20∶4, and 20∶4–20∶4. The highest specific radioactivity was found in
20∶4–20∶4 PC, which is a minor species. In conclusion, liver cell nuclei possess the necessary enzymes to incorporate exogenous
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into lipids by an acyl-CoA pathway, showing specificity for each fatty acid. Liver cell
nuclei also utilize exogenous 20∶4n−6-CoA to synthesize the major molecular species of PC with 20∶4n−6 at the sn-2 position. However, the most actively synthesized is 20∶4–20∶4 PC, which is a quantitatively minor component. The labeling
pattern of 20∶4–20∶4 PC would indicate that this molecular species is synthesized mainly by the de novo pathway. 相似文献
18.
Masaki Kaneniwa Song Miao Chunhong Yuan Haruka Lida Yutaka Fukuda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2000,77(8):825-831
The lipid and fatty acid composition of muscle of 10 species of freshwater fish obtained from a market of Shanghai City was
examined. Total lipids (TL) ranged over 0.9–4.7% of muscle for all samples. The content of triacylglycerol (TG) in muscle
ranged over 0.2–3.4% and that of polar lipids (PL) was 0.5–1.3%. Differences of TL content were dependent on TG contents.
The predominant important fatty acids (>10% of the total fatty acids in TL) were 16∶0 and 18∶1n−9 with some 16∶1n−7, 18∶2n−6,
and 22∶6n−3. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content was 10.2–43.4%, and especially Chinese sea bass contained above
20% of 22∶6n−3 in the total fatty acids. There were higher levels of PUFA such as 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3 in PL than in neutral
lipids. Muscle of the silver carp was stored at 20°C, and changes of lipid classes during storage were examined. Free fatty
acids increased, and PL decreased during storage. This phenomenon was inhibited by heating the muscle, suggesting that lipid
hydrolysis by phospholipase occurred in silver carp muscle. 相似文献
19.
Phospholipid classes were separated from mouse brain lipid extracts by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Methyl
esters were prepared from the intact phospholipids by direct transesterification at room temperature in the presence of silica
gel by using 0.5m NaOH-methanol in order to prevent interference by aldehydes or derivatives. Dimethyl acetal derivatives of phosphoglyceride
alkenyl ethers (alkenyl moiety with a double bond in 1,2-position relative to oxygen linkage) were prepared, using 5% concentrated
HCl in methanol, followed by preparative TLC for isolation.
The major phospholipids present were ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG) 39.8%, choline phosphoglycerides (CPG) 39.7%, serine
phosphoglycerides (SPG) 15.0%, and sphingomyelin (Sph) 5.4%. One-fifth of the total phospholipids (PL) were in the form of
plasmalogens, mainly EPG. Choline and serine plasmalogens were present in trace quantities. The major aldehyde components
of the plasmalogens were 16∶0, 18∶0, and 18∶1.
The EPG were rich in long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including 28.8% of 22∶6 and 17.0% of 20∶4, but contained only
7.2% of 16∶0. In contrast, the CPG contained 39.6% of 16∶0, and 31.0% of 18∶1 with a small content of polyunsaturated fatty
acids. The SPG exhibited a still different pattern containing 38.2% of 18∶0, 23.2% of 18∶1, 24.3% of 22∶6, 2.9% of 16∶0, and
3.8% of 20∶4.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, May 1967. 相似文献
20.
To determine the effects of maternal iron deficiency on lipid composition and fatty acid patterns in offspring, rats were
fed ad libitum diets containing 5 ppm iron (deficient) (n=8) or 320 ppm iron (control) (n=7) and deionized water from day-1
of gestation through day-18 of lactation. On day-2 of lactation, litters were standardized to three male and three female
pups. On day-18, pups were fasted for 4 hr before tissue and blood collection. Significant changes in serum and liver lipid
concentrations and fatty acid patterns were observed in deficient pups. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids
and liver triglycerides, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters were increased. In deficient pups, percentage total fatty acids
of 14∶0, 16∶1, 18∶1, 18∶2 from serum lipids were increased; in liver, 14∶0, 18∶2, 18∶3 were increased; 18∶0 and 20∶4 were
decreased in both serum and liver. Dam serum lipid levels did not differ between groups. Lipid changes observed in iron-deficient
pups did not consistently reflect the milk, serum or liver lipid patterns observed in dams. Altered lipid composition and
fatty acid patterns of iron-deficient pups thus appear to be of endogenous origin. 相似文献