超声珩齿弯曲振动变幅器的位移特性

超声振动可以有效地减小珩磨力,超声空化现象与切削液的共同作用可以对珩磨轮实现实时动态清洗,从而减小珩磨轮堵塞,提高加工效率,因此超声和珩齿的复合加工是一种应用前景良好的齿轮精加工方法.超声珩齿的加工对象--齿轮,直径大,厚度小,是一类特殊负载,且对振动系统的加工频率影响大,所以在超声振动系统设计时,必须将变幅杆和齿轮全面考虑建立动力学方程.为此,将齿轮简化为圆盘,加工过程中齿轮作只有圆节线的弯曲振动,采用圆锥型变幅杆,推导变幅杆和圆盘组成的变幅器的频率方程,并利用它设计了变幅器,对变幅器动力学参数的数值计算、有限元分析及试验测量结果一致.通过计算变幅器中变幅杆和圆盘各自独立的谐振频率,发现与变幅器的谐振频率误差较大,说明变幅器设计时必须同时考虑变幅杆和圆盘的相互作用,否则设计的变幅器谐振频率误差过大.     

纵向谐振变幅器的非谐振设计理论研究与验证

为了实现齿轮超声加工纵向谐振变幅器的设计,提出了纵向谐振变幅器的非谐振设计理论,将变幅器简化为由变幅杆、齿轮等效圆环、心轴、螺母等效圆柱四部分组成的理论分析模型,根据各部分的动力学方程、各结合面的力、位移耦合条件和两端面的边界条件,建立变幅器的频率方程,实现纵向谐振变幅器的设计。分别设计了变幅杆材料为45钢、齿轮材料为铸造锡青铜以及变幅杆材料为45钢、钛合金、硬铝合金、齿轮材料为45钢的纵向谐振变幅器,通过有限元软件ANSYS模态分析和谐振特性实验研究了变幅器的谐振特性,变幅器的谐振频率与理论设计频率的误差小于5%,在误差允许范围内,表明变幅器的非谐振设计理论对于设计齿轮超声加工纵向谐振变幅器具有很好的通用性,为齿轮超声加工振动系统的设计提供了理论基础。     

超声珩齿复合变幅器设计及其动力学研究

在超声珩齿加工中,由变幅杆和被加工齿轮组成的变幅器的设计是一项关键技术,探索新型变幅器显得非常重要。基于变截面复合变幅杆纵向振动波动方程和中厚圆环板弯曲振动位移方程,根据复合变幅杆与中厚圆环组成的超声珩齿复合变幅器的非谐振性和边界条件,推导了系统的谐振频率方程,利用数值计算对设计参数、谐振频率、变幅杆及圆环振幅分布等进行研究,同时分析了变幅器几何参数对系统谐振频率的影响。结果表明,有限元分析结果与理论计算结果和实验测试基本一致,系统谐振频率随复合变幅杆各段长度的增加而减小;当复合变幅杆大小端半径比和各段长度保持不变时,系统谐振频率随两端半径成比例地增加而增加;其他参数不变时随圆环厚径比地增加而增加,其结论不仅证实了非谐振理论的正确性,而且为超声珩齿变幅器的设计和应用提供了理论依据。     

超声旋压变幅器的设计与分析

在超声旋压系统中,变幅器由变幅杆与旋轮耦合而成,其谐振振型为变幅杆纵向振动与圆盘弯曲振动。该振型计算复杂,很难直接获得较为精确的尺寸,设计过程中需要不断修正尺寸以达到所要求的频率和振型。借助MSC.Marc有限元分析软件对变幅杆与旋轮耦合后的变幅器进行数值模拟分析,研究旋轮各个尺寸对变幅器谐振频率的影响,得到了旋轮各个尺寸对变幅器谐振频率的影响规律,设计出了符合要求的变幅器,试验表明其振动效果理想。     

大负载纵弯谐振超声磨削变幅器的设计与试验

基于Mindlin中厚板理论,针对超声磨削系统中的大负载砂轮进行了纵弯谐振变幅器的设计研究。将纵弯谐振变幅器分为变幅杆、基体环盘、磨料层环盘三个部分,分别建立各部分的位移与应力函数,利用边界条件建立纵弯谐振超声磨削变幅器的频率方程。根据频率方程设计了超声磨削变幅器,通过有限元分析和超声谐振试验对所设计的变幅器进行了试验研究。试验结果证明:超声磨削变幅器的谐振频率与设计频率基本一致,实际测得的砂轮振幅曲线与有限元仿真和理论计算取得的曲线的形态基本一致,验证了超声磨削纵弯谐振变幅器设计方法的正确性,为超声磨削系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

超声铣削螺旋锥齿轮变幅器装置的设计

将超声加工应用在螺旋锥齿轮的铣削加工中,得到具有表面微观纹路的齿轮,滑油储存在纹路间隙中,能够增加油膜厚度,减小齿轮摩擦力转矩、表面温度、磨损率,降低齿轮啮合噪声。基于细长杆的一维纵振理论,对阶梯形变幅杆与铣刀盘进行整体设计。由变幅器每段的位移函数、应力函数及边界条件,建立变幅器的频率方程。根据实际要求设计了1/2波长超声变幅器实例,并运用ANSYS对其进行了动力学分析和频率优化。有限元分析结果表明:变幅器的谐振频率与理论设计频率的误差为2.15%,在误差允许范围内,验证了变幅器频率方程的正确性。运用APDL语言优化设计对变幅器的频率进行优化,使优化后的结构频率更加接近目标频率。最后,变幅器的阻抗特性试验和装置的雾化试验结果证明装置能够产生谐振,该装置可以进一步应用于齿轮的铣削。     

超声珩齿加工工件对谐振频率影响的研究

将超声珩齿加工变幅杆和被加工齿轮组成的超声振动系统简化为变幅器,基于圆锥形变幅杆和环盘(被加工齿轮)组成变幅器的频率方程,导出齿轮半径、厚度变化对谐振频率的影响,以及变幅杆的调整规律,并运用有限元分析的方法对设计结果进行了验证,从而为变幅杆及工作频率的设计选择提供了依据。     

指数型超声变幅杆有限元分析与试验

针对传统解析法设计的变幅杆不能直接运用于超声振动系统,变幅杆结构需要修正的问题,采用有限元分析的方法对指数型超声变幅杆进行了优化设计,确定出变幅杆的最后结构,使设计的变幅杆符合实际应用要求;依据设计制造了一批变幅杆,并进行了谐振频率测试。测试数据经统计分析后,其结果表明有限元分析法设计的变幅杆可以较好地满足使用要求。     

超声珩齿指数型变幅器动力学特性研究

为研究超声珩齿振动系统的非谐振设计,扩展该理论的应用范围,提出中厚圆环板及变幅杆组成的变幅器的力耦合条件,建立了变幅器的数学模型,基于Mindlin理论推导了变幅器的频率方程。利用MATLAB软件求出了变幅器设计参数的数值解,得出了一组变幅器的设计参数,用有限元对进行模态分析,发现与理论设计要求的振型和频率完全相同,从而验证了非谐振设计方法的可行性。该理论方法使变幅器设计由含薄圆环板类齿轮的情况拓展到含中厚圆环板类齿轮的情况。     

阶梯型变幅器的动力学特性研究

根据阶梯型变幅杆位移分布方程和环盘的弯曲方程、边界条件以及力耦合条件,推导出了由非谐振环盘和阶梯型变幅杆组成的变幅器的频率方程,并据此设计出变幅器;最后,由有限元软件分析、阻抗分析仪分析以及实验验证,证明这种设计方法与实验结果比较接近,是一种有效的变幅器设计方法.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.