快离子导体电致变色材料及电色灵巧窗

从电致变色显示器（ＥＣＤ）向灵巧窗（ＳＷ）发展，阐述了电致变色材料的应用研究趋势，并根据灵巧窗的基本结构部分，介绍了电致变色材料的应用及其主要发展趋势。     

电致变色NiOx薄膜及研究现状

介绍了阳极电致变色氧化镍膜的研究现状，制备条件对薄膜形貌，昌粒结构和化学计量比的影响，以及微观结构与薄膜的动态致色范围、致色效率、响应时间的关系，分析了离子注入问题以及电致变色机理     

NiOxHy薄膜电致变色研究

运用直流磁控反应溅射技术，在不同的氧气压强下，沉积ＮｉＯｘ薄膜，随后在１ＭＫＯＨ电解溶液中处理成ＮｉＯｘＨｙ．测量了ＮｉＯｘＨｙ薄膜的电化学性质，在０．３５－２．５μｍ波范围内测定了ＮｉＯｘＨｙ薄膜漂白态与着色态的垂直透过率与近于垂直的反射率，导出了这两种状态的平均可见光透射率，反射率，吸收率与溅射氧压强关系，给出了近于最佳参数样品的吸收系数曲线，对电致变色机理作了讨论。     

高分子电致变色和电致发光材料应用技术的进展

介绍了导电高分子材料在电致变色和电致发光方面的应用，综合报道了该科学技术领域国内外的进展状况以及存在的问题，并对电致变色和电致发光机理、材料制备与器件的制作等研究现状作了评述。     

脉冲电沉积氧化镍薄膜电致变色速率的研究

本文利用脉冲电沉积的方法制备氧化镍电色材料并研究了沉积条件对其反应速度的影响。发现在较大的脉冲电源开关比及适当的反向刻蚀电压下沉积的样品具有较快的反应速度。在此条件下反应速度的改进是由于材料内部含有较小的晶粒及较多的非晶组织,因而便于着色离子在其中的运动。实验中还发现脉冲电沉积的样品与直流电沉积的样品相比,具有较好的开路稳定性。     

电致变色写入与显示器件

描述了电致变色写入和显示器件的结构、工作原理与实验结果，提出了这种新型电致变色器件的应用前景。     

电致变色器件的结构

本文从电致变色器件原理出发，根据采用的材料和工艺等的不同，研究电致变色器件的各种可能结构，对膜层间可能的组织进行了分析。     

电致变色NiO_x薄膜及其研究现状

介绍了阳极电致变色氧化镍薄膜的研究现状，制备条件对薄膜形貌、晶粒结构和化学计量比的影响，以及微观结构与薄膜的动态致色范围、致色效率、响应时间的关系，分析了离子注入问题以及电致变色机理。     

反应蒸发沉积NiOx薄膜的电致变色性能

利用ＷＯ３和ＮｉＯ的互补显色可以大大提高电致变我玻璃的变色效率。有关ＷＯ３薄膜的制备方法及其性能已有许多文献作了报道。已报道了ＮｉＯｘ薄膜常用金属镍的射频反应溅射或电子束反应蒸发方法制备。     

反应溅射制备NiOx薄膜及其电致变色特性

在适当氧压下二极管式反应溅射镍靶制备NiOx薄膜，该薄膜无需长时间活化而直接在液体电解质KOH—H2O与LiCIO4-PC中均有稳定的电色性和牢固性，XPS分祈表明，O10具有两种结合能状态对应于Ni^2 和Ni^3 .     

热处理WO3电变色膜稳定性研究

采用电子束蒸发淀积ＷＯ３薄膜。根据已有的ＷＯ３薄膜脱水过程结论而选择适当温度对薄膜进行退火处理。在大量含水的和不含水的两类Ｌｉ＾＋电解质中进行比较性着色和消色循环实验，表明在２９０℃以下热退火处理能明显增加ＷＯ３薄膜在含水 电解质中的循环寿命。     

电子束蒸发制备MoO3薄膜及其电致变色特性

在三种条件下采用电子束蒸发方法制备钼氧化物薄膜。从烧结靶淀积出的薄膜为多晶状态；从粉末压结靶淀积出非晶态薄膜。在ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ电解质中测试各种薄膜的循环伏安特性和阶跃电压下的电流响应和光透射响应，表明２．５×１０＾－２Ｐａ氧分压下压结靶淀积的薄膜具有较好的电色性能；ＸＰＳ分析该种薄膜为ＭｏＯ３组份，Ｌｉ＾＋注入使Ｍｏ３ｄ和Ｏ１ａ的结合能降低。     

Enhanced Electrical Switching and Electrochromic Properties of Poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisthiazole) Thin Films Embedded with Nano‐WO3

The electrical switching and electrochromic phenomena of a novel nanocomposite comprising poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBZT) and tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles are investigated as a function of the nanoparticle loading. Both dissolving PBZT and doping PBZT backbone structure with acid are achieved by one simple step. Chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) is used as a solvent and spontaneously transformed to sulfuric acid upon exposure to moisture. The formed sulfuric acid serves as doping agent to improve the electrical conductivity of PBZT. The most significant enhancement of electrical switching is observed in the nanocomposites with low weight fraction (5%). The electrical conductivity of 5% WO₃/PBZT nanocomposite thin film is increased by about 200 times and 2 times, respectively, as compared to those of the as‐received PBZT and PBZT/CSA thin films. As the nanoparticle loading increases to 20% and 30%, the nanocomposites follow an ohmic conduction mechanism. Stable electrical conductivity switching is observed before and after applying a bias on the pristine PBZT and WO₃/PBZT nanocomposite thin films. Electrochromic phenomena of both PBZT and WO₃/PBZT nanocomposite thin films with high contrast ratio are observed after applying a bias (3 V). The mechanisms of the nanoparticles in enhancing the electrical switching and electrochromic properties are proposed.     

Bioinspired Dynamically Switchable PANI/PS-b-P2VP Thin Films for Multicolored Electrochromic Displays with Long-Term Durability

Electrochromism has attracted wide attention as futuristic adaptive camouflage technologies due to its reversible and sustainable optical modulation with low energy consumption. However, limited color control of the electrochromic materials has hampered its applications. Inspired by the remarkable dynamic camouflage capabilities of cephalopods, polyaniline (PANI) and polystyrene-block-poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) thin films are integrated to simulate chromatophores and iridophores in the skin of cephalopods, respectively. Herein, it is demonstrated that the adaptive lamellar PANI/PS-b-P2VP thin film exhibits a wide range of color control, switchable vivid coloration, and excellent durability. It serves as an ideal multicolored electrochromic platform due to the combined effect of electrochromism from PANI and structural coloration from PS-b-P2VP. Unambiguous evidence shows that optical properties of the PANI/PS-b-P2VP thin film are related to the thickness of each layer and nanostructure of PANI, pronounced color changes mainly depend on electronic states of PANI and transition of hydrated SO₄²⁻ ions between PANI and P2VP. The coloration mechanism is discussed using quantitative analysis via RGB color specification and optical transmittance and reflectance simulations. The new insights will advance the design of reflection-contributed superior multicolored electrochromic materials, and have great potential in the fields of displays and camouflage.     

电化学沉积非晶NiO_xH_y膜的电致变色特性及其机理

研究了用电化学方法在 Sn O2 基底上沉积的 Ni Ox Hy 膜电致变色特性 ,该膜是一种富氧结构 ,具有优良的变色特性 ,其透射式光密度ΔOD在可见光区可达 1以上 .Ni Ox Hy 膜在 KOH电解液中的电致变色行为是由质子的注入或萃取所决定 .H+注入并占据 Ni空位 ,会使一部分 Ni3+转化为 Ni2 + ,Ni3+的减少将导致光透性增强 ,这是因为Ni的 d电子能级在 Ni O6 八面体晶场中被分裂为 t2 g和 eg 能级 .H+的注入使 Ni3+的 t2 g能级被电子填满 ,变为 Ni2 + ,导致光学透明 .反之 ,H+ 的萃取使 t2 g能级出现空穴 ,即形成 Ni3+ ,导致光吸收     

On‐Substrate Preparation of an Electroactive Conjugated Polyazomethine from Solution‐Processable Monomers and its Application in Electrochromic Devices

An electroactive polyazomethine is prepared from a solution processable 2,5‐diaminothiophene derivative and 4,4′‐triphenylamine dialdehyde by spray‐coating the monomers on substrates, including indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass and native glass slides. The conjugated polymer was rapidly formed in situ by heating the substrates at 120 °C for 30 min in an acid saturated atmosphere. The resulting immobilized polymer is easily purified by rinsing the substrate with dichloromethane. The on‐substrate polymerization is tolerant towards large stoichiometry imbalances of the comonomers, unlike solution step‐growth polymerization. The resulting polyazomethine is electroactive and it can be switched reversibly between its neutral and oxidized states both electrochemically and chemically without degradation. A transmissive electrochromic device is fabricated from the immobilized polyazomethine on an ITO electrode. The resulting device is successfully cycled between its oxidized (dark blue) and neutral (cyan/light green) states with applied biases of +3.2 and ‐1.5 V under ambient conditions without significant color fatigue or polymer degradation. The coloration efficiency of the oxidized state at 690 nm is 102 cm² C^?1.