Optical Transmission Fiber Design Evolution

This paper reviews optical fiber design evolution for transmission systems over the past three decades, including both multimode and single-modes fibers. Key fiber attributes related to fiber transmission systems and how fiber designs have evolved to improve these attributes to enable higher and higher transmission data rate are discussed. Major fiber design change milestones in the past are covered. Also discussed are recent new developments in optical fiber technology.     

A review of recent system demonstrations incorporating 1.3-μmpraseodymium-doped fluoride fiber amplifiers

This paper provides a review of recent system demonstrations incorporating 1.3-μm praseodymium doped fluoride fiber amplifiers (PDFFA's), following a brief historical perspective on the amplifiers development, the analogue and digital systems experiments, which have been conducted to date incorporating these new amplifiers, are described. Beyond this review material recent systems experiments conducted at BT Labs are also described. These experiments investigate the application of high performance PDFFA's to both, analogue, FM-SCM transmission, and high-speed (5 and 10 Gb/s), digital transmission systems. The results of a recent 10-Gb/s field transmission experiment are also presented. This paper also provides a perspective on the potential significance of 1.3-amplifiers to both long-haul point-to-point transmission systems and to optical fiber access networks based on passive optical network structures     

塑料光纤数据通信网技术进展

系统论述了高速塑料光纤数据通信网的发展进展,给出一些有代表性的传输实验系统的实例。介绍了基于塑料光纤的数据传输系统的实际应用。讨论了塑料光纤通信系统的发展方向和前景。     

海底光缆通信系统的最新进展

回顾了海底光缆通信系统的发展历程,介绍了海底光缆系统技术的最新进展,特别讨论了偏振复用相干接收无中继传输试验系统和偏振复用副载波调制光正交频分复用（SCM-C0-0FDM）相干检测WDM系统的构成和实现原理。     

光缆在线监测系统

近几年来光缆在电力系统的应用越来越普及，电力系统的通信、自动化、维护等越来越依赖高可靠、高性能的光纤传输。但在实际应用中，由于受外力及光缆本身质量等因素影响，光缆很容易遭到破坏，从而影响光缆的传输质量。光缆在线监测系统能在光缆遭到破坏时迅速确定光缆的故障点，为光缆故障修复提供宝贵的时间。     

Recent progress in amplified undersea systems

The advent of the optical amplifiers has removed the loss limitation of the fiber in the conventional undersea systems using 3R (retiming, reshaping, regenerating) repeaters, and it has introduced new design criteria for the undersea lightwave systems. The accumulation of the small impairment factors that was negligible in the conventional system becomes significant to determine the transmission performances of the amplified system. The fiber nonlinearity is a distinctive limitation factor that dominates the transmission performance of the amplified system, although it was not a limitation factor in the conventional system. This paper describes the recent progress of the undersea lightwave cable systems employing optical amplifier repeaters. The limitation factors and the polarization dependent characteristics of the amplified system are described. The system demonstrations with conventional IM-DD technology are presented using both recirculating loop and straight fiber transmission line. The system maintenance method is also explained briefly. Future technologies adopting the WDM or the optical solitons are also discussed     

塑料通信光纤

本文在阐述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯芯和全氟化聚合物芯塑料光纤（POF）研究现状的基础上，评价了POF传输系统及其元器件、应用领域等问题。     

Design and characterization of dispersion compensating fiber basedon the LP01 mode

The practical implementation of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with gain at 1.55 μm allows long unrepeatered transmission distances. However, in order to realize high data rates over these distances with already installed standard single mode fiber, techniques must be found to overcome the pulse spreading due to the positive chromatic dispersion of the transmission fiber in this window, we review a compensation technique based on propagating the signals through a specially designed fiber with large negative dispersion for the LP₀₁ mode, thereby ending up with zero net pulse spreading. The basis of the concept are discussed and a key figure of merit for dispersion compensating devices is defined. The design and optimization of dispersion compensating (DC) fiber is described with special attention to practical concerns including packaging and manufacturability. We describe experimental fabrication results of DC fiber, results of using the fiber to make compact dispersion compensating modules, and the outcome of recent systems experiments incorporating the fiber     

基于Sagnac干涉仪的级联型梳状滤波器

密集波分复用(DWDM)系统光信道数量的增加,使得与DWDM技术有关的各种光学滤波器技术成为当前光纤通信领域的研究热点.高双折射(HiBi)光纤环具有易于制作、性能稳定以及良好的滤波特性等特点,近年来受到广泛关注;通过增加Sagnac环内HiBi光纤和偏振控制器的个数,或者采用多个HiBi光纤Sagnac环的级联形式,...     

Recent advances in submarine optical fiber cable transmission systems in Japan

Submarine optical fiber cable transmission systems are promising successors to existing submarine coaxial cable systems. This paper will review the history and the state of the art of the submarine optical fiber cable transmission technology, and the submarine optical fiber cable transmission systems named FS-400M and OS-280M being developed by NTT and KDD, respectively, in Japan.     

海底光缆传输系统简介

随着新技术和新设备的不断出现，为未来的海底光缆传输系统的发展提供了广阔的前景。本文根据ＣＣＩＴＴ建议Ｇ．９７１、Ｇ．９７２和Ｇ．９７４，介绍海底光缆传输系统的基本组成和特性，然后讨论光纤放大器的基本原理及其在海底光缆传输系统中的应用。     

Receiver analysis for synchronous coherent optical fiber transmission systems

A receiver sensitivity expression applicable for both PSK homodyne and heterodyne optical fiber transmission systems is derived taking account of polarization misalignment, reduced modulation depth, preamplifier thermal noise, power coupling ratio of the fiber coupler, local oscillator excess intensity noise, and reference phase errors. From a comparison of recent studies on system performance degradation due to laser phase noise a generalized expression relating beat linewidth to phase error variance for pilot carrier and Costas phase-locked-loop receivers is defined.     

Optical Fiber System Applications Aspects in Future NTT Networks

This paper describes some aspects of optical fiber cable system applications in future NTT transmission networks, considering voice transmission as predominant even in future transmission networks in accordance with demand forecasts. The desirable optical fiber cable transmission system which should be developed and introduced is discussed taking into account optical fiber costs, demand estimates, pertinent technological developments, etc. It was concluded that the following process of introducing optical fiber cable transmission systems should be feasible. In the first step, approximately 32 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s digital transmission systems should be employed for short and medium haul trunks with heavy traffic using graded index optical fibers. A large capacity, long haul digital transmission system, such as a 400 Mbit/s system using graded index or, if possible, single mode optical fiber should be introduced next. The optical fiber cable costs at which fiber systems become economical, depend upon the application area. For short and medium haul systems, 40¢ per meter per core is required, but $2 per meter per core is sufficient for large capacity, long haul systems. For a short haul system operating at approximately 1.5 Mbits/s or 6 Mbits/s, the advantages of its introduction greatly depend on optical fiber costs which should be less than 20¢per meter per core.     

Coherent optical fiber transmission

Essential technologies for developing coherent optical fiber transmission systems are reviewed from the viewpoint of regenerative repeater spacing and transmission data rate improvements. After describing the system features behind these advantages, recent progress in individual device and system technologies is delineated. Such progress includes frequency stabilization and linewidth reduction of semiconductor lasers, optical phase or frequency modulation, AM and FM noise suppression in coherent receivers, optical polarization stabilization and control in signal transmission, and optical direct amplification. Also described is progress in coherent optical transmission experiments carried out in many laboratories. Finally, future problems are discussed on the basis of the current state of the art.     

Present status and outlook of line transmission systems in China

The various line transmission media, including open wires, symmetrical pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fiber cable, that are used in the different regions of China are described. Both analog transmission systems and the newer digital transmission systems are discussed. The standardized physical transmission media deployed throughout China-symmetrical pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fiber cables-are also discussed     

Fibers with low polarization-mode dispersion

Fibers with low polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) enable high-bit-rate time-division-multiplexed optical communication systems. These fibers are becoming increasingly important with the growing implementation of wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission with channel bit rates of 40 Gb/s. Important to the realization of low PMD fibers are the fiber's index and stress profiles, polarization-mode coupling, and the evolution of the polarization state with length. This paper reviews recent progress in the understanding of the fabrication and characteristics of these fibers. The paper also discusses the important fiber physical parameters, including the fiber index profile and fiber spinning parameters and their impacts on the realization of low PMD performance.     

从OFC会议观无中继光纤传输系统发展概貌

介绍了近年来OFC及ECOC会议无中继光纤传输系统的发展概貌,列举了几个具有代表性的实验传输系统,指出传输光纤有效面积的合理配置将成为未来无中继光纤传输系统研究发展的重要趋势之一.     

一种新的光因特网网络技术研究

近年来,光技术已能把巨大信息流传送很长一段距离,这一成功使高容量波分多路复用(WDM)系统迅速商业化。WDM技术是在同一根光纤上提供许多“虚”光纤,通过不同的频率传输信号,使网络供应商能在一根光纤中传输许多信号,就像每个信号是在各自不同的光纤中传输一样。光技术的使用强烈地依赖于光网络的类型和需求。近来,光通信技术的研究趋势已集中在新的光通信网络结构和宽带光传输技术两个领域。文中在分析研究光因特网网络模型的基础上,提出一种新型混合模型网络结构。模拟仿真研究结果表明,该技术是可行的。     

少模光纤及模分复用光纤传输系统

介绍了少模光纤的概念及利用少模光纤进行模式复用传输具有代表性的实验系统,并指出少模光纤模式复用或将成为扩大单纤长距离传输容量具有潜力的技术之一。