2011—2012年山东淄博市肉鸡屠宰场沙门菌污染情况分析

目的 调查肉鸡屠宰场加工环节中沙门菌的污染状况。方法 采集肉鸡屠宰场的入厂活鸡肛拭子样本,宰杀褪毛后整禽样本、预冷后整禽样本、预冷池水、分割刀具和案板、冷冻鸡肉样本以及工人手涂抹样本,按《食源性致病菌监测工作手册》方法检测沙门菌。结果 2011—2012年共检测样品896份,检出沙门菌293株,检出率为32.7%;鸡胴体的检出率高于鸡活体。2011年沙门菌优势血清型为印第安纳沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌,2012年优势血清型为印第安纳沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌。宰杀后样品中印第安纳沙门菌的构成比有所下降,而鼠伤寒、肠炎等其他优势血清型的构成比相对增加。结论 沙门菌广泛存在于屠宰场各环节样品中,宰杀环节易导致沙门菌的交叉污染。     

2015—2020年安徽省腹泻病人沙门菌血清型分布及耐药性研究

目的 了解安徽省近年来沙门菌(Salmonella)的血清型分布及耐药特性,为本省沙门菌引起腹泻病的诊断和治疗提供科学依据。方法 对2015—2020年来自安徽省16个地市食源性疾病主动监测腹泻病例中分离出的980株沙门菌进行血清分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性实验。结果 980株沙门菌分为82种血清型,优势血清型为肠炎沙门菌[31.43%(308/980)]、鼠伤寒沙门菌[26.22%(257/980)]、阿贡纳沙门菌[7.35%(72/980)]、汤卜逊沙门菌[6.63%(65/980)]和伦敦沙门菌[3.37%(33/980)]。沙门菌对氨苄西林(AMP)、萘啶酸(NAL)、四环素(TET)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦(AMS)耐药率较高,分别为62.35%、47.96%、47.86%、43.16%;对AMP、AMS、NAL、头孢西丁(CFX)、阿奇霉素(AZM)耐药率呈现明显上升趋势(P＜0.05)。沙门菌耐药性呈现区域性特点,皖北地区耐药情况较皖中、皖南更加严重。多重耐药率达40.41%,鼠伤寒沙门菌、伦敦沙门菌多重耐药严重。结论 2015—2020年安徽省腹泻病人沙门菌血清型主要为肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、阿贡纳沙门菌、汤卜逊沙门菌和伦敦沙门菌。菌株耐药情况较严重,且对多数抗生素耐药率呈上升趋势,多重耐药水平较高。需密切关注并持续对本地区沙门菌的耐药情况进行监测。     

济南市零售鸡肉中沙门菌污染状况及可移动黏菌素耐药基因分析

目的 了解2020—2021年济南市零售鸡肉中沙门菌的污染状况,并探究可移动黏菌素耐药基因（mcr）的携带情况。方法 2020年12月至2021年11月在济南市采集零售鸡肉样品260份,依据GB 4789.4—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对样品中的沙门菌进行分离鉴定,通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）对分离株进行血清型鉴定和mcr基因筛选,使用微量肉汤法对mcr基因阳性株开展抗生素敏感性试验。结果 260份零售鸡肉样品中共检出阳性样品61份,污染率为23.46%(61/260),秋季污染率最高可达53.33%(32/60);共分离出沙门菌103株,56株为肠炎沙门菌,占比54.37%(56/103)。2株不同产地鸡翅样品来源的印第安纳沙门菌分离株检测出mcr-1基因,阳性率为1.94%(2/103)。2株mcr-1基因阳性印第安纳沙门菌分离株均为多重耐药株,其中1株可对碳青霉烯类和多黏菌素类在内的全部12类测试抗生素同时耐药。结论 2020—2021年济南市零售鸡肉中的沙门菌污染较为严重,秋季采集样品的污染率较高,肠炎沙门菌为优势血清型,检出携带mcr-1基因;同...     

2008—2018年四川省阿贡纳沙门菌分子分型及耐药分析

目的 了解2008—2018年四川省阿贡纳沙门菌(Salmonella agona)脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)型别分布和耐药状况,为阿贡纳沙门菌引起的暴发预警、溯源调查及临床治疗提供依据。方法 对经过生化和血清学鉴定的61株阿贡纳沙门菌进行PFGE分子分型分析,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定14种抗生素对菌株的最小抑菌浓度。结果 61株阿贡纳沙门菌分离株共分为41个PFGE型,从不同年份、不同地区临床病例中分离到的部分菌株具有相同的PFGE型别,1株猪肉分离株与部分临床分离株具有相同的PFGE型别。28株阿贡纳沙门菌对14种抗生素均敏感,其余33株菌存在不同程度的耐药,其中四环素耐药率最高,为47.54%(29/61);多重耐药株共16株,占比为26.23%(16/61)。全部分离株均对亚胺培南敏感。结论 2008—2018年四川省阿贡纳沙门菌分离株PFGE型别呈多样性,在四川省为散发流行状态。耐药情况较严重,耐药性存在上升趋势。     

2016年上海市市售肉制品中沙门菌耐药谱与分型研究

目的 研究上海市市售肉制品中沙门菌血清型、耐药谱和分子分型特征。方法 2016年1～8月在上海市所辖16个行政区,随机选择1个密集型社区,抽取1家超市或市场作为哨点,定期采集畜、禽类肉制品,按国家食品安全风险评估中心(CFSA)食源性疾病监测方案进行沙门菌分离、血清分型、抗生素定量检测与剂量评估、优势菌的分子分型。结果 606份样品包括猪、鸡、鸭、牛、羊、鹅肉制品,共分离沙门菌158株,总阳性率为26.1%,畜肉和禽肉来源分别占52.5%(83/158)和47.5%(75/158)。前5位沙门菌血清型依次为肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、罗森沙门菌和印第安纳沙门菌,畜肉和禽肉来源优势菌型间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);菌株对磺胺异噁唑耐药率最高(79.7%,126/158),对链霉素、萘啶酸、氨苄西林、四环素和氯霉素耐药率在38.0%～77.8%,多重耐药(MDR)菌株(≥3类)占77.8%(123/158),猪肉来源沙门菌对庆大霉素、链霉素、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、氯霉素、四环素耐药率均高于鸡肉来源沙门菌,鸡肉来源沙门菌对头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、萘啶酸耐药率均高于猪肉来源沙门菌,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),32.9%(52/158)的菌株对至少6种抗生素超检测限值;肠炎沙门菌有15个分型,以1型和3型为优势型;鼠伤寒沙门菌有23个分型,具有遗传多样性特征。结论 上海市市售肉制品沙门菌暴露以猪肉和鸡肉来源为主,肉制品中多重耐药沙门菌污染严重。猪肉来源的罗森沙门菌和鸡肉来源的吉韦沙门菌是新输入性的血清型。     

石家庄市肉鸡屠宰和市售环节弯曲菌污染状况及耐药分析

目的了解石家庄市肉鸡屠宰和市售环节中弯曲菌的污染状况及对12种抗生素的耐药谱和耐药特征。方法采集屠宰前肉鸡肛拭子、鸡酮体涂抹拭子标本和市售鸡肉、鸡肝脏样品,参照GB 4789.9—2014《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验空肠弯曲菌检验》和多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法进行弯曲菌的分离和鉴定,用K-B纸片法对分离弯曲菌进行6类12种抗生素药敏测定。结果在439份标本/样品中共有17份检出弯曲菌,总检出率为3.9%(17/439)。空肠弯曲菌对萘啶酸、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和四环素的耐药率均为85.7%(6/7),对庆大霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那、阿奇霉素、氟苯尼考全部敏感。结肠弯曲菌除对阿奇霉素、多西环素、氟苯尼考的耐药率小于50.0%外,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、萘啶酸、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那、四环素、链霉素、克林霉素的耐药率均高于80.0%。17株弯曲菌多重耐药率为70.6%(12/17),呈11种耐药谱型,市售环节分离株耐药谱型多于屠宰环节分离株,并具有各自不同的优势耐药谱型。结论石家庄市肉鸡屠宰和市售环节均有一定程度的弯曲菌污染,分离株多重耐药情况严重,呈多种耐药谱型。     

山东地区生猪和家禽屠宰环节沙门菌血清型分布

目的了解山东地区生猪和家禽屠宰环节沙门菌血清型分布,为进一步开展动物源性产品风险评估提供数据。方法 2014年9~12月从山东省部分屠宰场采集分离的335株沙门菌,应用液态悬浮芯片技术对沙门菌菌体(O)抗原、鞭毛(H)抗原和附加靶蛋白(AT)的基因进行检测,然后运用Salmonella serotyping assay软件分析鉴定血清型。结果 335株沙门菌中299株共分为29个血清型,另有36株未分型,优势血清型主要为德尔卑沙门菌(S.Derby,24.8%,83/335、)和肠炎沙门菌(S.enteritidis,15.2%,51/335)。德尔卑沙门菌、汤卜逊沙门菌(S.Thompson)和阿贡纳沙门菌(S.Agona)在生猪和家禽屠宰场中都有分布;生猪屠宰场以德尔卑沙门菌(39.8%,64/161)为主,其次为鼠伤寒沙门菌(S.typhimurium,19.3%,31/161)和汤卜逊沙门菌(13.7%,22/161);家禽屠宰场中以肠炎沙门菌(28.7%,50/174)、印第安纳沙门菌(S.Indiana,12.1%,21/174)和德尔卑沙门菌(10.9%,19/174)为主。另外,不同地区屠宰场的沙门菌血清型呈差异分布,生猪屠宰场中除鲁中部外,其他地区主要血清型为德尔卑沙门菌;家禽屠宰场中,鲁东和鲁西地区主要是肠炎沙门菌,鲁东北地区以德尔卑沙门菌为主;鲁中部地区分离株以汤卜逊沙门菌为主。结论山东省屠宰场中的沙门菌污染比较严重,且有多种血清型,需加强屠宰环节的致病菌监控,降低动物产品在屠宰环节受沙门菌污染的风险。     

2021年贵州省食源性疾病主动监测分离沙门菌耐药及分型特征

目的 了解2021年贵州省食源性疾病主动监测分离沙门菌的血清型、耐药和分子分型特征。方法 对全省2021年食源性疾病主动监测腹泻病例中分离的164株沙门菌采用玻片凝集法进行血清学分型，采用微量肉汤稀释法测定菌株对14种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值，采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行分子分型。结果 164株沙门菌可分为25种血清型，优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌（76，46.34%）、肠炎沙门菌（25，15.24%）和爪哇安纳沙门菌（15，9.15%）。164株沙门菌耐药率为100%，多重耐药率达86.59%；其中对氨苄西林、四环素和萘啶酸耐药率较高，分别为95.12%（156/164）、78.05%（128/164）和63.41%（104/164）。72株鼠伤寒沙门菌PFGE聚类分析后共分为58种指纹图谱，24株肠炎沙门菌有12种指纹图谱，15株爪哇安纳沙门菌有3种指纹图谱。结论 贵州省腹泻患者沙门菌血清型种类较多，多重耐药现象严重，PFGE指纹图谱表现出遗传多样性。应加强对沙门菌的耐药监测，尤其是优势血清型鼠伤寒沙门菌的临床用药。     

2016—2020年辽宁省沙门菌耐药性及分子分型研究

目的 分析辽宁省2016—2020年食源性疾病监测中沙门菌分离株的耐药情况及分子分型特征,为沙门菌引起感染性腹泻的防控、临床抗生素使用提供可靠科学依据。方法 对辽宁省2016—2020年临床腹泻病例分离的90株沙门菌进行血清学鉴定,应用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行分子分型,采用BioNumeries 7.6软件对菌株间的相似度进行聚类分析,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性检测。结果 90株沙门菌分为13种血清型,以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主。PFGE聚类分析得到54种带型,各带型间相似度为51.4%～100%,每种带型包含1～10株菌,同一血清型菌株的PFGE带型相似度较高,且存在多次聚集现象。药敏结果显示90株沙门菌呈现36种耐药谱,氨苄西林耐药率最高（66.7%,60/90）,其次为萘啶酸（62.2%,56/90）,头孢西丁全部敏感。多重耐药率达48.9%(44/90),其中鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌多重耐药率分别为87.5%和45.8%。结论 辽宁省沙门菌引起腹泻病例呈散发态势,菌株多重耐药趋势明显,且耐药率较高,耐药谱广泛,应进一步加强分子溯源及耐药性监测。     

佳木斯市肠炎沙门菌的耐药特征及同源性分析

目的 了解佳木斯市优势血清型肠炎沙门菌的耐药状况及进化关系,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法 对来自食品和腹泻患者的沙门菌进行血清学分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离的肠炎沙门菌进行16种抗生素药敏试验,脉冲场凝胶电泳分析菌株之间的进化关系。结果 在108株沙门菌中,检出肠炎沙门菌55株（50.93%）;49株肠炎沙门菌有耐药性,耐药率为89.09%,其中33株菌（67.35%）为多重耐药,对抗生素萘啶酸和氨苄西林的耐药率较高,分别为81.82%和60.00%;55株肠炎沙门菌同源性为37%~100%。结论 佳木斯地区肠炎沙门菌多重耐药率高,菌株之间亲缘关系和耐药性存在密切关联性,来自食品和腹泻患者的肠炎沙门菌有交叉感染现象,依据本地区肠炎沙门菌耐药特征,制定有针对性诊疗方案和预防控制措施,对保障公共卫生健康发展具有重要意义。     

肉鸡屠宰场多重耐药沙门氏菌Ⅰ类整合子与磺胺类耐药基因（sul1、sul2和sul3）的检测

目的：了解肉鸡屠宰场多重耐药沙门氏菌Ⅰ类整合子及磺胺类耐药基因携带情况。方法：采用纸片扩散法对肉鸡屠宰场84 株沙门氏菌分离株进行10 种抗生素敏感性实验;应用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）方法检测多重耐药沙门氏菌sul1、sul2、sul3和int1基因。结果：84 株沙门氏菌对氨苄西林和萘啶酸耐药率高达100%,对环丙沙星、四环素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、大观霉素、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素耐药率分别为39.29%、35.71%、35.71%、35.71%、22.62%、14.29%。38 株沙门氏菌对3 种及以上抗生素耐药,属于多重耐药菌株。38 株多重耐药菌株中,有20 株携带Ⅰ类整合子。30 株对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑耐药的菌株中,均能检测到sul1或sul2或sul3基因,与表型耐药100%符合,其检出率分别为40%、100%、63.3%。结论：肉鸡屠宰场中沙门氏菌耐药现象已不容乐观,沙门氏菌多重耐药性与Ⅰ类整合子的携带之间关系密切,且Ⅰ类整合子在磺胺类耐药菌株的产生中起到重要作用。     

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria species and Salmonella serotypes associated with poultry processing.

The broth microdilution method was used to determine the activities of selected antimicrobial agents used in the South African poultry industry (danofloxacin, neomycin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tylosin and colistin) and vancomycin against bacterial isolates previously obtained from carcasses and selected equipment surfaces and environmental sources associated with poultry processing. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 38 isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, 25 Listeria (L.) innocua, 18 L. monocytogenes, and 62 isolates belonging to six Salmonella (Salm.) serotypes (Salm. agona, Salm. blockley, Salm. enteritidis, Salm. isangi, Salm. reading and Salm. typhimurium) were determined. The most active antimicrobial agent against all the isolates tested was danofloxacin with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 90% of the isolates (MIC90) not exceeding 0.25 and 2 microg/ml for gram-negative and gram-positive isolates, respectively. Conversely, high MICs were recorded for all the isolates tested against chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline (MIC90 range of 32 to > 512 microg/ml), except for the L. monocytogenes and Salm. enteritidis isolates (MIC range of < or = 0.5-4 microg/ml). Neomycin was found to be active against S. aureus, L. innocua, L. monocytogenes, Salm. enteritidis and Salm. isangi isolates, with MICs not exceeding 8 microg/ml. MIC ranges for tylosin and vancomycin, which were only tested against the gram-positive isolates, were from 1 to > 512 microg/ml and from 1 to 4 microg/ml, respectively. The MIC range for the remaining antimicrobial agent, colistin, which was only tested against the Salmonella isolates, was 0.5-16 microg/ml. The lack of MIC breakpoints for the antimicrobial agents used in the poultry industry did not allow for definite conclusions as to the level of resistant bacteria associated with poultry carcasses and the processing environment in this study.     

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from broiler carcasses, food, human and poultry-related samples

Antimicrobial resistance was investigated in 91 Salmonella enteritidis isolates from broiler carcasses, food, human and poultry-related samples originated from South of Brazil. A great proportion of resistant strains was found, 90.1% showing resistance to at least one antimicrobial drug. There was a high resistance to sulfonamides (75.8%) and nitrofurantoin (52.8%). Lower levels of resistance were found for tetracycline (15.4%), streptomycin (7.7%), nalidixic acid (7.7%), gentamicin (5.5%), norfloxacin (3.3%), trimethoprim (3.3%), cefalotin (2.2%), ampicillin (1.1%), and chloramphenicol (1.1%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was not detected. A total of 51.6% of S. enteritidis strains were multiresistant (resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents) and 18 resistance patterns were found. The highest resistance was found in strains isolated from poultry-related samples, where all strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. No predominant resistance pattern was related to phage type in our isolates. The high number of antimicrobial resistant S. enteritidis found in Southern Brazil indicates the need for the prudent drugs uses to diminish the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.     

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from foods in Korea from 1993 to 2001

This study determined the prevalence of Salmonella in foods widely consumed in Korea from 1993 to 2001, along with antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates from these foods for 11 antibiotics. Overall, 41 Salmonella isolates, representing 15 serotypes, were obtained from 2.2% (29 of 1,334) of the samples examined, and most of the Salmonella isolates were recovered from broiler carcasses. The most common serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis (29.3%), Salmonella Virginia (14.6%), and Salmonella Haart (12.2%). All isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance; 14.6% of the isolates were susceptible to all of the antibiotics, 4.9% were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, 14.6% were resistant to two antimicrobial agents, 22.0% were resistant to three antimicrobial agents, 39.0% were resistant to four antimicrobial agents, and 4.9% were resistant to five antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates showed resistance or intermediate resistance to streptomycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and/or tetracycline.     

陕西省某活鸡屠宰场肉鸡相关样品中沙门菌定量检测及污染分析

目的了解肉鸡屠宰加工中不同时间和环节沙门菌的污染情况,分析污染关键点。方法 2016年11月至2017年11月从陕西省某活鸡屠宰场不同环节定期采集活鸡肛拭子标本、整鸡胴体和鸡肉样品,使用最大可能数(MPN)法对沙门菌进行定量检测,同时分离菌株;采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对沙门菌进行鉴定,同时结合血清凝集技术对沙门菌鉴定结果进行确认。结果采集的284份样品中有67份检出沙门菌,检出率为23. 6%,平均MPN值为0. 051 6 MPN/g。2017年7月采集的样品沙门菌污染最为严重,检出率为37. 8%(14/37),平均MPN值为0. 064 7 MPN/g; 2016年11月检出率最低,为13. 9%(5/36),平均MPN值为0. 043 6 MPN/g。不同屠宰环节中,浸烫褪毛后整鸡胴体样品中沙门菌检出率最高(43. 3%,26/60),平均MPN值为0. 060 5 MPN/g;分割后冷冻前鸡胸脯肉样品中沙门菌检出率最低(18. 3%,11/60),平均MPN值为0. 036 8 MPN/g,略高于储存配送过程整鸡胴体/鸡胸脯肉样品中沙门菌的污染水平(0. 035 8 MPN/g)。结论活鸡屠宰过程沙门菌的检出率与MPN值具有较强的季节性,在不同屠宰加工环节存在纵向和交叉污染,应对活鸡屠宰加工过程沙门菌污染严重的环节进行重点控制。     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from processed poultry

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates recovered from processed poultry. Four hundred eighty pre- and postchill whole broiler chicken carcasses were collected from a poultry processing plant between July 2004 and June 2005. Water samples also were collected at the entrance and exit of the chiller. After preenrichment, carcass and water samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using the automated BAX system followed by traditional culture methods. The proportions of pre- and postchill carcasses that were positive for Salmonella were 88.4 and 84.1%, respectively. Ninety-two percent of water samples collected at the entrance of the chiller were positive for Salmonella, but all exit samples were negative. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Salmonella between pre- and postchill carcasses (P > 0.05). Salmonella isolates recovered were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials. Thirteen serotypes were identified; the most common were Salmonella Kentucky (59.5%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (17.8%). Three hundred thirty-nine (79.8%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 53.4% were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (73.4% of isolates), ampicillin (52.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (52%), ceftiofur (51.7%), streptomycin (35.2%), and sulfisoxazole (21.8%). These results indicate the high prevalence of Salmonella contamination in whole broiler carcasses, and a large number of these Salmonella isolates were resistant to commonly used antimicrobials.     

肉鸡生产链中肠炎沙门氏菌耐药性分析及ERIC-PCR分型

目的：了解肉鸡生产链中肠炎沙门氏菌耐药性情况以及各生产环节菌株间亲缘关系,为临床用药及菌株追踪溯源提供依据。方法：采用微量肉汤稀释法对171 株肠炎沙门氏菌进行13 种抗菌药物药敏实验;采用肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链式反应（enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction,ERIC-PCR）法对33 株不同生产环节耐药菌株进行分子分型;采用SPSS 20.0软件、Gel-Pro Analyer 4.0和NTSYS pc 2.1软件进行分析。结果：171 株肠炎沙门氏菌对13 种药物耐药情况不同,其中对氨苄西林耐药情况最严重,耐药率高达90.06%,对恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星最为敏感,耐药率均仅为5.26%;不同环节间耐药性差异极显著（P＜0.01）;多重耐药率高达95.32%,共有26 种耐药谱型。不同环节的33 株肠炎沙门氏菌分为4 种（Ⅰ～Ⅳ）基因型,遗传相似性在66%～100%,Ⅰ型为优势基因型;基因型相同的菌株耐药谱不一定相同,反之,耐药谱相同的菌株基因型不一定相同。结论：肉鸡生产链条中沙门氏菌对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性,且耐药谱种类繁多;沙门氏菌能够沿着生产链进行水平传播,肉鸡场环节菌株基因型相对复杂,菌株基因型与耐药表型之间无明显相关性。     

肉鸡屠宰加工过程中沙门氏菌的污染情况及其耐药性分析

目的：了解四川某肉鸡屠宰加工过程不同环节沙门氏菌的污染情况、耐药性和耐药谱,为食品安全和临床用药提供理论依据。方法：根据GB 4789.4-2010《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》、沙门氏菌科玛嘉显色培养基筛选疑似沙门氏菌,并针对沙门氏菌invA和hut基因的二重PCR方法对疑似沙门氏菌鉴定,再用纸片扩散法对其分离株进行10 种抗菌药物（组合）的药敏实验,参考临床和实验室标准化研究所（Clinical andLaboratory Standards Institute,CLSI）标准（2010）判定药敏结果。结果：从1 350 份样品中,分离鉴定出156 株沙门氏菌;肉鸡屠宰前沙门氏菌的污染率为13.53%;烫毛脱毛、开肛、净膛、冲淋4 个环节鸡胴体和分割鸡肉、冷冻鸡肉沙门氏菌的污染率分别为0、7.23%、9.80%、11.54%、14.50%、9.33%。沙门氏菌分离株对萘啶酸（100.00%）和氨苄西林（85.90%）的耐药率最高,对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑（44.23%）、庆大霉素（39.10%）、四环素（35.26%）的耐药率较高,对头孢曲松敏感,多重耐药率为53.85%,共有39 种耐药谱,从肉鸡屠宰前到分割鸡肉沙门氏菌分离株的耐药谱型先下降再上升。结论：四川某肉鸡屠宰生产链中沙门氏菌的污染率及其耐药情况比较严重,且可能存在从上游向下游生产链传播的情况,需要加强卫生和抗菌药物使用监督。     

Incidence of Salmonella from poultry products and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents

The incidence of Salmonella in 60 samples of poultry products of national origin available for consumers obtained from two local butcher shops and one canteen of the city of Porto and the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents allowed for human or animal therapy were evaluated. The results show that poultry samples are frequently contaminated with Salmonella (60%), belonging to 10 different serotypes. Salmonella enteritidis and S. hadar were the most prevalent serotypes. In addition, a high number (75%) of the Salmonella isolates was resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents and eight different resistance profiles were recorded. Resistance to nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin was demonstrated for 50% of the isolates and the occurrence of resistant and multiresistant S. enteritidis isolates were less frequent than for S. hadar. This study suggests a high incidence of Salmonella on Portuguese poultry products and shows that they could be a potential vehicle of resistant Salmonella foodborne infections.     

黑龙江省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节中沙门菌调查

目的了解黑龙江省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节中沙门菌污染状况。方法根据国家食品安全风险监测专项《肉鸡养殖及屠宰加工环节沙门氏菌专项监测工作手册》规定的操作程序,并参考国家标准GB 4789.4—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对黑龙江省4个地市3 766份肉鸡样品进行检验。结果 4大环节共检测样品3 766份,检出阳性样品339份,检出率为9.00%,孵化、养殖、屠宰到配送分销4个环节均检出沙门菌,检出率分别为2.82%(22/781)、2.14%(11/515)、13.84%(220/1 590)、9.77%(86/880)。其中,屠宰环节的8种样品中预冷池水样品沙门菌检出率最高,为35.42%(34/96)。检出的沙门菌分属于9个血清型,以肠炎沙门菌和印地安纳沙门菌的比例最高。结论黑龙江省肉鸡屠宰和配送分销环节中沙门菌污染较严重。屠宰环节阳性率最高,是重要的污染环节,其中预冷池水中沙门菌检出率最高,是屠宰过程中肉鸡污染沙门菌的主要环节。