采用全差分有源电感的高优值VCO

提出了一种高集成度高优值压控振荡器(VCO)。采用全差分有源电感,克服了传统螺旋电感面积大、不可调谐的缺点。采用可变电容阵列和开关电容阵列,既扩大了振荡频率的可调范围,又降低了相位噪声。采用改进型电流复用型负阻单元,降低了直流功耗和相位噪声。基于TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS工艺,利用ADS工具对该VCO进行了验证。结果表明,VCO的振荡频率范围为0.31~5.13 GHz,调节率高达177.7%。在1 MHz偏频处,相位噪声最低值为-125.3 dBc/Hz,直流功耗为63 mW,优值为-201.3 dBc/Hz,综合性能较好。     

采用可调谐高Q有源电感的高优值VCO的研究

对采用新型可调谐、高Q的有源电感(THQAI)的高优值(FOM)压控振荡器(VCO)进行了研究。在LC振荡回路模块中,利用THQAI具有高Q值、较宽调谐范围的特性,分别实现了VCO的低相位噪声和宽的频率调谐范围;在负阻电路模块中,将电流进行复用,使其只有一条直流工作支路,降低了VCO的功耗,又由于电路中的MOS晶体管始终工作在饱和区,进一步降低了VCO的相位噪声;在输出缓冲级,采用共源NMOS晶体管,放大了该VCO的输出波形。最终,这些技术手段使得VCO的调谐范围、相位噪声和功耗均得到了改善,因此获得了高的FOM值。基于TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺库,利用射频集成电路设计工具ADS对该VCO进行性能验证。结果表明,该VCO的振荡频率调谐范围高达73%,最低相位噪声仅为-123dBc/Hz,且功耗仅为13.4mW,FOM值为-195.1dBc/Hz,具有较好的综合性能。     

4.2GHz 1.8V CMOS LC压控振荡器

基于Hajimiri提出的VCO相位噪声模型,分析了差分LC VCO电路参数对于相位噪声的影响。根据前面的分析,详细介绍了LC VCO电路的设计方法:包括高Q值片上电感的设计、变容MOS管的设计以及尾电流的选取。采用SMIC 0.18μm 1P6 M、n阱、混合信号CMOS工艺设计了一款4.2GHz 1.8V LC VCO。测试结果表明:当输出频率为4.239GHz时,频偏1MHz处的相位噪声为-101dBc/Hz,频率调节范围为240MHz。     

1.9～5.7 GHz宽带低噪声BiCMOS LC VCO

设计了一种宽带、低相位噪声差分LC压控振荡器(VCO)。所设计的电路采用开关电容阵列和开关电感,实现了多波段振荡输出。对负阻环节跨导进行了优化设计,将热噪声控制在最小范围内,同时采用高品质因数片上螺旋电感,以减小电路的噪声干扰。采用台积电(TSMC)0.35μmSiGe BiCMOS工艺制作了流片,并进行了仿真和硬件电路实验。实测结果表明,当调谐电压为0～3.3 V时,可设定VCO工作在6个波段(1.9～2.1 GHz,2.1～2.4 GHz,2.4～3.0 GHz,3.0～3.4 GHz,3.4～4.2 GHz,4.2～5.7 GHz),此6波段连续可调,构成了1.9～5.7 GHz宽带VCO;VCO的中心频率为2.4 GHz、偏离中心频率为1 MHz时实测相位噪声为-111.64 dBc/Hz;在3.3 V电源电压下实测核静态电流约为1.8 mA,从而验证了宽带、低噪声BiCMOS LC VCO设计方案之正确性。     

2.5GHz低相位噪声CMOS LC VCO的设计

用0.35μm、一层多晶、四层金属、3.3V的标准全数字CMOS工艺设计了一个全集成的2.5GHz LC VCO,电路采用全差分互补负跨导结构以降低电路功耗和减少器件1/f噪声的影响.为了减少高频噪声的影响,采用了在片LC滤波技术.可变电容采用增强型MOS可变电容,取得了23%的频率调节范围.采用单个16边形的对称片上螺旋电感,并在电感下加接地屏蔽层,从而减少芯片面积,优化Q值.取得了在离中心频率1MHz处-118dBc/Hz的相位噪声性能.电源电压为3.3V时的功耗为4mA.     

2.5 GHz低相位噪声LC压控振荡器

在0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺条件下,设计了一个全集成的低相位噪声LC压控振荡器(VCO).该VCO采用尾电阻结构替代传统的尾电流源结构实现电流控制,以减小尾电流源产生的噪声.该VCO的调谐范围为480 MHz,可以覆盖2.32～2.8 GHz.当振荡频率为2.5 GHz时,100 kHz和1 MHz频偏处的相位噪声分别为-104.3 dBc/Hz和-124.3 dBc/Hz.振荡器工作电压为5 V,尾电流为5 mA.工作在2.5 GHz时,其100 kHz频偏处的性能系数为-178 dBc/Hz.     

电荷泵锁相环中压控振荡器的噪声设计

在分析和比较反相型VCO(压控振荡器)、差分对型VCO、LC型VCO工作原理和特点的基础上,综合差分对型和LC型VCO的优点,设计了一种全差分结构的LC型VCO(使用键合线等效电感及附加COMS电容阵列作为LC元件),具有较高的电源噪声和衬底噪声抑制能力。仿真结果表明,VCO工作频率范围1.98 GHz~2.06 GHz,相位噪声-89 dBc/Hz。本VCO适合于低功耗设计。     

一种高性能宽带LCVCO的设计

基于TSMC 65nm CMOS工艺,采用电流偏置型差分负阻结构,设计了一个宽频率覆盖范围(7.6~10.7GHz)的电感电容谐振压控振荡器(LC VCO)。采用差分控制电压方式,减小共模噪声对VCO性能的影响。采用三组可变电容共同作用的方式,减小VCO增益随振荡频率的变化,同时实现频率的温度补偿。创新性地采用一种新型开关结构,在基本不增加面积的情况下,优化了LC VCO的相位噪声性能。将该LC VCO用于为4.2~5GHz双沿采样DAC提供时钟的锁相环电路,实现了良好的相位噪声性能。     

一种高性能宽带LC VCO的设计

基于TSMC 65 nm CMOS工艺,采用电流偏置型差分负阻结构,设计了一个宽频率覆盖范围(7.6 ~ 10.7 GHz)的电感电容谐振压控振荡器(LC VCO)。采用差分控制电压方式,减小共模噪声对VCO性能的影响。采用三组可变电容共同作用的方式,减小VCO增益随振荡频率的变化,同时实现频率的温度补偿。创新性地采用一种新型开关结构,在基本不增加面积的情况下,优化了LC VCO的相位噪声性能。将该LC VCO用于为4.2 ~ 5 GHz双沿采样DAC提供时钟的锁相环电路,实现了良好的相位噪声性能。     

一种低噪声C类LC压控振荡器的设计

为了改善压控振荡器相位噪声,基于40 nm CMOS工艺,设计一种低噪声C类LC压控振荡器。交叉耦合NMOS对管通过电流镜偏置作为电路的电流源,并采用共模反馈偏置电路使交叉耦合PMOS对管工作在饱和区,保证LC压控振荡器实现C类振荡。通过差分可变电容的设计,压控振荡器的增益减小,压控振荡器的相位噪声得到改善。设计了4组开关电容进行调节,增大压控振荡器的调谐范围。仿真结果表明,处于1.2 V的电压下,压控振荡器振荡频率范围在4.14～5.7 GHz,频率调谐范围变化率达到31.2%,相位噪声为-112.8 dBc/Hz。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks