各向同性与各向异性天然橡胶磁流变弹性体的导热性能及磁流变性能（英文）

采用羰基铁粉粒子填充天然橡胶磁流变弹性体(MRE),研究了各向同性与各向异性MRE的磁流变性能及导热性能。结果表明,各向异性MRE的热扩散系数和导热系数比各向同性MRE分别提高了30. 1%和41. 9%。同时,随着应变的增大,MRE的相对磁流变效应呈下降趋势,而在相同应变下,各向异性MRE的储能模量以及相对磁流变效应均高于各向同性MRE。     

羰基铁粉/天然橡胶磁流变弹性体的结构与性能

研究了羰基铁粉含量和硫化温度对天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体（MRE）结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着羰基铁粉用量的增加,MRE的交联密度降低,硫化速率提高,硫化胶的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率明显下降,胶料的热稳定性提高;随着硫化温度的升高,MRE的焦烧时间缩短,硫化返原现象严重,128℃下制备的MRE中羰基铁粉的链状结构最为明显,143℃下则不呈链状结构;在硫化温度128℃、羰基铁粉用量为60份时,制得的MRE的磁流变效应最高,达到48.9%。     

磁流变弹性体的性能研究

以天然橡胶为基体制备磁流变弹性体（MRE）,研究MRE的Payne效应及磁感应强度和磁流变效应。电子显微镜分析得出,对于羰基铁粉质量分数最大（81.67%）的MRE,羰基铁粉分布密集,出现羰基铁粉团聚现象。流变仪测试结果表明：随着羰基铁粉质量分数的增大,MRE的Payne效应和磁流变效应增强;随着应变的增大,MRE的储能模量减小,损耗因子增大。     

硫化体系对天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体性能的影响

以天然橡胶(NR)为基体,羰基铁粉为磁性粒子制备了NR基磁流变弹性体(NR-MRE),考察了不同硫化体系,如传统硫化(CV)体系、半有效硫化(SEV)体系、有效硫化(EV)体系和平衡硫化(EC)体系对NR混炼胶硫化特性及NR-MRE物理机械性能、磁流变性能、热稳定性、微观形貌的影响,并表征了NR-MRE的微观形貌。结果表明,在4种硫化体系中,CV体系的NR混炼胶硫化返原程度较为严重,NR-MRE的磁流变弹性体具有最高的拉伸强度和磁流变效应(EMR)以及最差的热稳定性; EC体系的NR混炼胶硫化返原程度不明显,硫化速率最慢,NR-MRE的拉伸强度最低; EV体系的NRMRE的EMR最低,热稳定性最好。在4种硫化体系的NR-MRE中,羰基铁粉均呈现清晰的链状结构,其中CV体系最明显,EC体系排布与SEV体系相似,但团聚比SEV体系严重。     

改性剂种类对羰基铁粉填充天然橡胶磁流变性能的影响（英文）

采用4种改性剂离子液体、硅烷偶联剂、油酸及硬脂酸改性羰基铁粉,以天然橡胶作为基质,研究了不同改性剂对天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体(MRE)磁流变性能的影响。结果表明,改性剂能明显提高天然橡胶基MRE的磁流变效应,其中油酸改性后的MRE的相对磁流变效应比未改性者提高了229%。扫描电镜照片显示改性后MRE中的磁性粒子呈现出定向链状结构,链段变得更加完整。     

羰基铁粉填充天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体的性能

以天然橡胶（NR）为基体,考察了4种牌号（EW、SM、SQ、CN）的羰基铁粉对NR混炼胶的硫化特性及NR基磁流变弹性体（MRE）在压缩状态下的磁流变性能、物理机械性能、热稳定性及微观形态的影响。结果表明,EW、SM、SQ、CN的平均粒径依次增大,且CN具有最宽的粒径分布,EW具有最窄的粒径分布;在4种牌号的羰基铁粉中,SM填充NR混炼胶的焦烧时间和正硫化时间最短,硫化速率最快;随着羰基铁粉粒径的增加,NR混炼胶的交联密度增大,在硫化过程中均出现的硫化返原程度加剧;SM填充MRE的磁流变效应最高,CN填充MRE的磁流变效应最低;随着羰基铁粉粒径的增加,MRE的邵尔A硬度无明显变化,300%定伸应力呈上升趋势,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率都有所降低,其中CN填充MRE的耐热稳定性最好;在4种牌号的羰基铁粉填充MRE中,CN和SQ的整体粒径较大,且CN有较明显的块状团聚,而SM和EW的整体粒径较小。     

油田用磁流变弹性体室内研究

磁流变弹性体（MRE）是将磁性粒子分散在高聚物基体中,固化后形成的复合材料.相较于磁流变液,具有不易沉降、性能稳定、控制可逆、响应迅速等优点,MRE作为新兴的智能材料,在石油钻采领域有广泛的应用前景.制备了以天然橡胶（NR）为基体,不同磁性粒子含量的各向同性和各向异性MRE,分析了样品的磁流变性能、物理机械性能和耐油性能.结果表明,随着磁性粒子含量的上升,样品的磁流变性能、交联密度、热稳定和耐油性能都明显提升,但力学性能所下降.在500 mT外加磁感应强度下,50％的各向异MRE相对磁流变效应为26.87％,绝对磁流变效应为0.61 MPa.     

天然橡胶/氯化聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体的性能与结构

采用动态硫化法制备天然橡胶(NR)/氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)热塑性弹性体(TPV),并研究甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)/苯乙烯(St)双单体熔融接枝NR[NR-g-(GMA-co-St)]与白炭黑复配增容补强NR/CPVC TPV的物理性能、耐溶剂性能和微观形态结构。结果表明:当NR-g-(GMA-co-St)和白炭黑的用量分别为7和3份时,交联NR分散相在CPVC基体中的分散度和均一性得到明显改善,相界面的结合强度显著提高,达到良好的复配增容补强效果。与未改性NR/CPVC TPV相比,改性NR/CPVC TPV的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度增大,耐溶剂性能明显改善。     

磁流变弹性体的研究进展

从聚合物材料和磁性粒子的角度出发,对磁流变弹性体的研究进展进行了综述,展望了磁流变弹性体的应用前景。     

Thermal conductivity of natural rubber nanocomposites with hybrid fillers

Natural rubber nanocomposites filled with hybrid fillers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and carbon black(CB) were prepared. CNTs were ultrasonically modified in mixture of hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) and distilled water(H_2O). The functional groups on the surface of CNTs, changes in nanotube structure and morphology were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). It shows that hydroxyl(OH·) is successfully introduced. The surface defects of modified CNTs were obviously higher than those of original CNTs, and the degree of agglomeration was greatly reduced. Thermal conductivity of the composites was tested by protection heat flow meter method. Compared with unmodified CNTs/CB filling system, the thermal conductivity of hybrid composites is improved by an average of 5.8% with 1.5 phr(phr is parts per hundred rubber) of hydroxyl CNTs and 40 phr of CB filled. A three-dimensional heat conduction network composed of hydroxyl CNTs and CB, as observed by TEM, contributes to the good properties. Thermal conductivity of the hybrid composites increases as temperature rises. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites are also good with hydroxyl CNTs filled nanocomposites; the tensile strength, 100% and 300% tensile stress are improved by 10.1%, 22.4% and 26.2% respectively.     

Improving the magnetorheological properties of polyurethane magnetorheological elastomer through plasticization

The highly filled anisotropic polyurethane (PU) magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) were prepared through an in‐situ one‐step polycondensation process under a magnetic field. The carbonyl iron formed chain‐like structure, which was fixed in the PU matrix. The plasticizer diisooctyl phthalate (DOP) was incorporated into PU to soften the matrix and improve the MR effect. The influence of DOP on the microstructure and properties of PU MREs were investigated. The incorporation of DOP reduced the viscosity of the prepolymer and made the carbonyl iron align more easily in the PU matrix. The aligned chain‐like structure of carbonyl iron in PU greatly enhanced the thermal conductivity and the compressive properties of PU MREs. The incorporation of DOP reduced the modulus of PU MREs and the glass transition temperature of the soft segments of PU. But highly filled carbonyl iron and DOP led to a decrease in the thermal stability to some extent. The MR test showed that DOP plasticization significantly enhanced both absolute and relative MR effect simultaneously. With 70 wt% carbonyl iron and 15 wt% DOP (the weight ratio of Fe: PU: DOP is 70 : 15: 15), the absolute and relative MR effects of anisotropic PU MREs were ～ 1.16 MPa and ～ 386.7%, ～ 3.5 and ～ 58 times of the PU MRE without the plasticizer at the same iron content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers based on iron sand and natural rubber

In this study, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based on iron sand and natural rubber were prepared. The Taguchi method was employed to investigate the effect of a number of factors, namely, the iron sand content, iron sand particle size, and applied magnetic field during curing on the loss tangent (tan δ) and energy dissipated during cyclic loading. Tan δ was measured through dynamic mechanical analysis over a range of frequency (0.01–130 Hz), strain amplitude (0.1–4.5%), and temperature (?100 to 50°C). The energy dissipated was measured with a universal tester under cyclic tensile loading. The data were then statistically analyzed to predict the optimal combination of factors, and finally, experiments were conducted for verification. It was found that the iron sand content had the greatest influence on tan δ when measured over a range of frequency, and the energy dissipated during hysteresis tests. However, none of the factors showed a significant influence on tan δ when measured over a range of strain amplitude. Furthermore, the iron sand content and magnetic field were also found to influence the width of the peak in tan δ as a function of the temperature. The morphological characteristics of the MREs were also examined with scanning electron microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41506.     

NR/SBR并用橡胶基磁敏橡胶的制备及性能的研究

通过湿法预处理,用偶联剂KH-570对羰基铁粉进行表面改性,制备了综合性能较好的并用橡胶基实用型磁敏橡胶,研究了羰基铁粉含量对天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶(NR/SBR)并用橡胶基磁敏橡胶性能的影响;同时利用扫描电镜研究了改性羰基铁粉表面和磁敏橡胶复合材料断面的微观结构。结果表明,通过偶联剂改性的羰基铁粉其晶体结构未发生变化,且表面有一层致密的包覆层;以NR/SBR并用橡胶为基体的磁敏橡胶,当羰基铁粉用量为300份时,可表现出较好的机械性能和磁流变效应。     

Investigation on variable shear modulus of magnetorheological elastomer based on natural rubber due to change of fabrication design

A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a smart material that has a reversible and variable modulus in a magnetic field. Natural rubber (NR), which has better mechanical properties than other rubbers, was used as the matrix. Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was selected for the generation of a magnetic field‐dependent modulus in the MREs. The MRE specimens were cured in an anisotropic mold, which was used to induce a magnetic field. SEM images validated the CIP orientation. The shear modulus of the MREs was evaluated under a magnetic field induced by a magnetic flux generator (MFG). An evaluation system was designed that includes an MFG, which is a device that generates a magnetic field via a continuously variable‐induced current to determine the magnetic field‐dependent shear modulus. The variations of the shear modulus were observed with increasing CIP volume fraction and induced current. The experimental results revealed that the maximum variation rate of the shear modulus was 76.3% for 40 vol% of CIP and an induced current of 4 A. Using these results, the appropriate CIP volume fraction and induced current can be proposed as the guidelines in fabrication design of MREs based on NR. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

高导热天然橡胶基厚制品的制备及性能

考察了氧化铝、碳纳米管(CNT)及二者并用对天然橡胶基厚制品加工性能、物理机械性能和导热性能的影响。结果表明,CNT与氧化铝并用可显著提高天然橡胶的100%和300%定伸应力、撕裂强度及邵尔A硬度,降低压缩永久变形。在天然橡胶中加入质量分数为30%的氧化铝和质量分数为2%的CNT,其导热系数可达0.241 W/(m·K),较天然橡胶提高了35.39%。     

Magneto-piezoresistive characteristics of graphene/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber-silicon rubber magnetorheological elastomer

The effect of graphene with different content on the magneto-piezoresistive characteristics of graphene/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber (GR/RTV) magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was studied, and the relationship between the content of graphene and conductivity of GR/RTV-MRE was described based on the general effective medium theory. A magneto-piezoresistive model was established to describe the relationship among resistance, pressure, and magnetic field based on the magnetic dipole and tunneling theory. The samples of GR/RTV-MRE with different content of graphene were prepared. The experimental platform with magneto-piezoresistive characteristics controlled by magnetic field was built. The effect of graphene with different content on piezoresistive coefficient of GR/RTV-MRE was obtained under different magnetic flux density. The experimental results showed that the piezoresistive coefficients of samples with different content of graphene decrease with the increase of magnetic flux density in the range of 0 ~ 80mT. For the same magnetic field, when the volume fraction of graphene is less than 12%, the piezoresistive coefficient is positively correlated with it, when the volume fraction of graphene is more than 12%; the increase of content has little effect on the piezoresistive characteristics. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations for correction and error analysis. The results showed that the modified model can well describe the variation of the resistance of GR/RTV-MRE under magnetic field and pressure.     

Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of polyaniline/natural rubber composite fibers

Electrically conducting elastomer fibers based on natural rubber (NR) and up to 10% w/w polyaniline (PANI) in its emeraldine base (EB) form were fabricated by a wet spinning process. The resulting fibers at various PANI contents were doped by immersion in aqueous HCl solution, which converted the PANI to the electrically conductive emeraldine salt (ES) form. The morphology of the composite fibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PANI particles were inhomogeneously distributed in the NR matrix. The electrical conductivity of the fibers increased with the increasing PANI‐ES content and leveled off at a value of around 10^?3 S/cm at PANI‐ES concentration of 5% w/w. The fibers retained most of their elasticity upon doping, while the tenacity was somewhat reduced. Gratifyingly, the electrical conductivity of the new elastomer fibers was preserved upon elongational deformation, even if strains as large as 600% were applied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007