双初速自动机结构参数匹配研究

针对兼容发射致命弹与非致命弹的要求,提出双初速自动机原理,进行双初速自动机关键结构参数的匹配研究.采用多体动力学理论,基于 ADAMS软件建立双初速自动机 22个刚体 34个自由度仿真分析模型.采用不同前/后枪机质量、前/后复进簧刚度与预压力的匹配方案,分析枪机的运动特性、抛壳动作的可靠性及枪机结合时的运动稳定性,给出结构参数对自动机运动的影响规律.结果表明:该方法动作连贯平稳,能确定双初速自动机原理的可行性,实现致命性与非致命性发射的功能,为双初速自动机的设计提供有效的技术支撑.     

导气与枪管浮动混合式自动机动力学特性研究

为了研究导气与枪管浮动混合式自动机在高初速榴弹发射器上应用的可行性及通过调节导气装置结构参数匹配枪管组件与枪机框组件后坐能量达到降低武器系统后坐力的目的,基于气体动力学理论和热力学理论,推导考虑热量散失及枪管浮动作用的内弹道和导气装置气流问题的基本方程组。利用该计算模型对高初速榴弹发射器发射动力学进行仿真,得出武器系统自动机运动特性曲线及后坐力随时间变化的曲线。将仿真结果与实验结果进行对比,验证模型的正确性。探讨导气装置导气孔直径、导气孔开孔位置、导气室初始容积结构参数对导气室气体压力变化的影响规律,并分析其对自动机速度曲线及后坐力的影响。在完成自动机自动循环的前提下,采用导气与枪管浮动混合式自动机可将武器的最大后坐力控制在1 100 N内,实现武器低后坐发射。     

模块化双初速自动机动力学实验与数值研究

为降低大口径机枪和自动榴弹发射器研制与装备成本,提出了一种双口径双初速的新型模块化通用自动机技术方案,研制了实验发射系统样机。进行了12.7 mm/25 mm双口径双初速自动机匹配特性实验,证实了原理可行性及技术方案对2种口径、2种初速自动发射的适应性。建立了模块化通用自动机虚拟样机模型,通过仿真计算揭示了2种工作状态自动机运动学和动力学特性,获得了导气孔直径、导气孔位置、复进簧刚度、缓冲器刚度及预压力等参数变化对发射频率的影响规律。该研究为研制模块化班组支援武器族提供了新的技术途经和匹配技术参数。     

5.8mm/7.62mm模块化步枪运动特性匹配分析

不同口径步枪匹配问题是变口径模块化步枪系统研制需解决的关键问题。利用Adams软件建立了5.8 mm和7.62 mm变口径的模块化步枪数值仿真模型,通过与试验数据对比验证了模型的正确性。基于该模型进行了枪机框运动特性匹配、供弹匹配和抛壳匹配分析。引入了枪机框运动特性匹配度的概念,建立了枪机框运动特性匹配准则,根据该准则得到了合理的设计方案。结果表明：通过改变导气孔直径,可以基本实现枪机框运动特性匹配;改变供弹斜面的倾角和增加圆角,可以提高两种步枪弹供弹匹配性和稳定性;通过更改抛壳窗位置可以实现两种步枪弹抛壳匹配。     

基于虚拟样机的新型重机枪自动机运动分析

为研究某新型重机枪自动机的动力学特性,在分析了其结构特点及运动原理的基础上,以该枪为研究对象,考虑射手和土壤边界条件,利用ADAMS软件,建立了该枪的动力学模型。分析了3发连续射击时枪机和内机匣的运动特性,对比分析了枪机与枪机框的运动速度,并对其中的一个射击循环进行了深入研究。分别选取枪机和内机匣速度为校验指标,对比分析仿真结果与实验数据,验证了仿真分析的可信性,为该枪进一步的运动分析、参数匹配及结构优化奠定了基础。     

盐雾环境对典型步枪自动机运动影响

盐雾环境对自动步枪战术技术性能和作战效能有着重要影响,但目前对盐雾环境对自动机运动特性和故障的影响机理尚不明确。以某小口径自动步枪为试验对象,设计并进行盐雾全寿命试验,在每次盐雾后通过高速摄影非接触测量自动机运动、高精度天平测量枪机框质量、簧力测试仪测量复进簧参数;对枪机框及导轨表面形貌特征进行拍照,统计全寿命过程中故障情况,获得自动机运动典型故障类型。研究结果表明：随着盐雾时间增长,枪机框质量逐渐增加;复进簧自由长度及预压力逐渐减小,工作压力先减小、后趋于平缓;自动机后坐到位速度先减小、后增大;复进开始及复进到位速度逐渐减小,且二者具有相同变化趋势。盐雾使自动机后座到位速度减小,自动机运动故障次数增多,盐雾环境引起的多参数变化对自动机故障频次影响明显。在试验研究的基础上,构建枪机框质量、复进簧参数、特征点速度随时间变化定量关系公式,为推断盐雾环境自动机运动件参数变化状况和分析其对故障的影响提供参考依据。     

基于虚拟样机的机枪自动机结构参数优化

以优化机枪射击频率进而优化机枪频率匹配关系为目标,建立某型机枪枪身系统的虚拟样机模型.选择导气孔直径、活塞的有效横截面积、枪机框质量、枪机质量和枪机框缓冲簧刚度为优化变量.利用该机枪动态响应曲线测试结果及基于散布精度的射频优化理论确定该机枪良好频率匹配关系时的射击频率,最后采用序列二次规划算法对自动机结构参数进行优化.     

弹药参数及误差对弹头膛内运动的影响研究

为深入了解狙击步枪枪弹参数、误差对弹头膛内运动过程的影响,基于非线性有限元法建立了某型狙击步枪弹/枪相互作用数值计算模型,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性。重点考虑了弹头结构参数与材质、弹/药参数误差对弹头膛内运动的影响,定性、定量地分析了参数及误差对弹头膛内摆动角、轴向受力、膛压及初速的影响规律,揭示了狙击弹参数及误差与弹头膛内运动间的关系,有利于提高对狙击弹设计工作的认知水平。     

诠释奥地利MPi69 9mm冲锋枪

奥地利斯太尔MPi69 9mm冲锋枪由著名的冲锋枪设计师雨果·斯托阿瑟指导设计而成,是1960年代的优秀冲锋枪之一。该枪外形酷似以色列Uzi 9mm冲锋枪,但结构更新颖、简单。除枪管外,大多数零件采用冲压件和注塑件,如发射机座、握把和机匣座注塑为一体。该枪采用包络式枪机(亦称套入式枪机),此结构的优点是:在不减短枪管长度和枪机行程的前提下缩短了全枪长;枪机包络大部分枪管,从而使全枪质心上移,减小了武器射击时的翻转力矩,有利于提高连发精度。 该枪采用自由枪机式自动原理,可单、连发射。全枪长670mm/465mm(托伸/托缩),枪管长260mm,空枪质量3kg,25发或32发直形弹匣供弹,发射9mm巴拉贝鲁姆手枪弹,弹头初速381m/s,理论射速550发/分。     

某埋头弹机枪自动机结构设计与动力学分析

为提高大口径埋头弹机枪的射击速度,设计一种导气式自动机.以某12.7 mm埋头弹机枪为研究对象,采用升降弹膛实现开闭锁动作,对自动机的结构进行设计,利用ADAMS建立埋头弹机枪的虚拟样机模型,通过仿真获得自动机运动特性参数.仿真结果证明了该自动机结构的可行性,为大口径埋头弹机枪的设计提供一种参考方案.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.