基于生物视觉的地面目标识别与跟踪锁定

图像中待攻击目标的自动识别与跟踪锁定是图像制导的基本任务,也是图像制导技术的难点所在。由于获得图像的角度和位置的不同,同一目标在不同图像中会有较大的变形,如何正确地识别出该目标是至今未能很好解决的问题。相比之下,人和动物在复杂的环境中,几乎在各种角度和位置的情况下,均可以可靠地识别出目标,并能完成对该目标的跟踪锁定。因此生物视觉的工作机理成为了当前学者研究的热点,在继承和发展了当前国际上该领域的最新研究成果的基础上,实现了生物视觉原理下的目标识别与跟踪算法,经过大量真实图像的试验,证明了该算法的鲁棒性。     

基于粒子滤波和稀疏表示的视频目标跟踪

文中将视频目标跟踪看成在粒子滤波框架下的稀疏表示问题,提出了具鲁棒性的视觉跟踪方法。在跟踪过程中,将目标的先验知识和目标状态及其观测结果联系起来构造贝叶斯概率模型,根据基本粒子滤波算法对目标位置进行估计。候选目标通过目标模板和琐碎模板稀疏表示,用l1范数稀疏正则化算法求解稀疏问题,选取具有最小残差的候选目标为跟踪结果。通过动态更新模板和非负性约束两种策略,使算法在目标遮挡、噪声、形变等各种干扰因素下,均达到了很好的跟踪性能。     

基于人工蜂群算法的粒子滤波目标跟踪

针对基于粒子滤波的视频目标跟踪算法中由于粒子重采样过程而导致粒子贫化的问题,提出了一种基于人工蜂群算法的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法,利用群体智能的特点使得粒子集在重采样前得到优化,保持了粒子的多样性,从而解决了粒子贫化问题,同时增加了有效粒子的数目.实验结果表明,基于人工蜂群算法的粒子滤波跟踪算法,比标准粒子滤波跟踪算法所需粒子数更少,对目标遮挡、较复杂背景有较好的跟踪效果.     

Collaborative object tracking model with local sparse representation

There existed many visual tracking methods that are based on sparse representation model, most of them were either generative or discriminative, which made object tracking more difficult when objects have undergone large pose change, illumination variation or partial occlusion. To address this issue, in this paper we propose a collaborative object tracking model with local sparse representation. The key idea of our method is to develop a local sparse representation-based discriminative model (SRDM) and a local sparse representation-based generative model (SRGM). In the SRDM module, the appearance of a target is modeled by local sparse codes that can be formed as training data for a linear classifier to discriminate the target from the background. In the SRGM module, the appearance of the target is represented by sparse coding histogram and a sparse coding-based similarity measure is applied to compute the distance between histograms of a target candidate and the target template. Finally, a collaborative similarity measure is proposed for measuring the difference of the two models, and then the corresponding likelihood of the target candidates is input into a particle filter framework to estimate the target state sequentially over time in visual tracking. Experiments on some publicly available benchmarks of video sequences showed that our proposed tracker is robust and effective.     

基于Mean Shift算法的运动平台下红外目标跟踪

运动平台下, 图像的运动包括目标、背景和平台的运动。复杂的运动关系,加上运动平台下成像质量差,增加了目标跟踪的难度。提出了一种有效的运动平台下前视红外(FLIR)成像目标跟踪算法。对于每一个被检测出的目标,计算灰度和局部标准差的分布,通过计算Mean Shift向量,最小化当前帧目标与模板的核密度分布,实现对目标的跟踪。采用自动更新模板的策略克服目标特征分布发生改变的问题,该策略同样取决于得到的模板与目标分布相似性度量。实验仿真证明,该算法能有效地、准确地跟踪红外成像序列中的运动目标,计算量小,可以满足实时性要求高的场合。     

Effective appearance model for probabilistic object tracking

This paper presents a robust object tracking approach via a spatially constrained colour model. Local image patches of the object and spatial relation between these patches are informative and stable during object tracking. So, we propose to partition an object into patches and develop a Spatially Constrained Colour Model (SCCM) by combining the colour distributions and spatial configuration of these patches. The likelihood of the candidate object is given by estimating the confidences of the pixels in the ...     

基于正则化观测矢量的H无穷粒子滤波红外目标跟踪方法

提出了一种新颖和鲁棒的红外图像序列中的目标跟踪方法。由于H无穷滤波器在系统噪声源不能确定或是未知的情况下具有较好的预测性能,所以以其估计得到的预测信息来分配粒子滤波算法的粒子。为解决粒子滤波的“采样枯竭”问题,正则化了H无穷粒子滤波器的观测矢量。同时,通过计算每个目标的亮度和局部标准差分布构成级联核的目标模型,以用于计算粒子集中各个粒子的加权值。对于目标的尺寸和表观信息变化的情况,以目标区域像素灰度值零阶矩的函数来调整跟踪窗口的大小,模型更新则通过更新目标模型的每个量化阶来实现。实验结果证明了所提出的红外图像目标跟踪方法是有效的,并且优于所比较的算法。     

采用稀疏特征选择的红外运动目标跟踪方法

复杂场景下的红外运动目标对比度低且缺乏细节信息,难以实现稳定持续跟踪.分析了典型红外运动目标的特性,提出一种稀疏编码与特征选择的改进跟踪算法.采用Logistic回归模型,通过对正负样本的监督学习,计算得到最佳权重特征矢量,并将原始特征模板和粒子采样对象均向该特征矢量投影,削弱了背景成分对运动目标跟踪的影响并降低了运算量.在模板更新策略上采用了每帧更新的方法以适应运动目标的机动性.文中给出的方法与其他两种经典方法的实验比较,证明了本方法对运动目标跟踪的有效性.     

End-to-end DeepNCC framework for robust visual tracking

In this paper, we propose an NCC-based object tracking deep framework, which can be well initialized with the limited target samples in the first frame. The proposed framework contains a pretrained model, online feature fine-tuning layers and tracking processes. The pretrained model provides rich feature representations while online feature fine-tuning layers select discriminative and generic features for the tracked object. We choose normalized cross-correlation as a template tracking layer to perform the tracking process. To enable the learned features representation closely coordinated to the tracked target, we jointly train the feature representation network and tracking processes. In online tracking, an adaptive template and a fixed template are fused to find the optimal tracking results. Scale estimation and a high-confidence model update scheme are perfectly integrated into the framework to adapt to the target appearance changes. The extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed tracker achieves superior performance compared with other state-of-the-art trackers.     

Siamese target estimation network with AIoU loss for real-time visual tracking

The fully convolutional siamese network based trackers achieve great progress recently. Most of these methods focus on improving the capability of siamese network to represent the target. In this paper, we propose our model which focuses on estimating the state of the target with our proposed novel IoU (intersection over union) loss function which is named AIoU. Our model consists of a siamese subnetwork for feature extraction and a target estimation subnetwork for state representation. The target estimation subnetwork contains a classification head for classifying background and foreground and a regression head for estimating target. In order to regress better bounding boxes, we further study the loss function utilized in the regression head and propose a powerful IoU loss function. Our tracker achieves competitive performance on OTB2015, VOT2018, and VOT2019 benchmarks with a speed of 180 FPS, which proves the effectiveness of our method.     

子空间模型下的仿射不变目标跟踪

针对目标跟踪过程中目标可能出现的快速变化和严重遮挡等问题,提出了一种基于新的子空间表示的目标跟踪算法。采用距离不变量对尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征点匹配对进行提纯。用提纯后的特征点匹配对,通过线性拟合得到仿射变化参数。在粒子滤波的理论框架下,采用快速的迭代算法,建立目标的主分量(PCA)子空间表示,结合计算得到的仿射变化参数,构造有效的目标观测模型完成跟踪。同时,采用在线学习的方法对SIFT特征点和PCA子空间进行定时更新。大量实验表明,提出的算法能快速有效地完成对姿态和形状剧烈变化的目标的精确跟踪。     

Rotation-aware correlation filters for robust visual tracking

Recent years have witnessed several modified discriminative correlation filter (DCF) models exhibiting excellent performance in visual tracking. A fundamental drawback to these methods is that rotation of the target is not well addressed which leads to model deterioration. In this paper, we propose a novel rotation-aware correlation filter to address the issue. Specifically, samples used for training of the modified DCF model are rectified when rotation occurs, rotation angle is effectively calculated using phase correlation after transforming the search patch from Cartesian coordinates to the Log-polar coordinates, and an adaptive selection mechanism is further adopted to choose between a rectified target patch and a rectangular patch. Moreover, we extend the proposed approach for robust tracking by introducing a simple yet effective Kalman filter prediction strategy. Extensive experiments on five standard benchmarks show that the proposed method achieves superior performance against state-of-the-art methods while running in real-time on single CPU.     

Online semi-supervised compressive coding for robust visual tracking

In this paper we propose an online semi-supervised compressive coding algorithm, termed SCC, for robust visual tracking. The first contribution of this work is a novel adaptive compressive sensing based appearance model, which adopts the weighted random projection to exploit both local and discriminative information of the object. The second contribution is a semi-supervised coding technique for online sample labeling, which iteratively updates the distributions of positive and negative samples during tracking. Under such a circumstance, the pseudo-labels of unlabeled samples from the current frame are predicted according to the local smoothness regularizer and the similarity between the prior and the current model. To effectively track the object, a discriminative classifier is online updated by using the unlabeled samples with pseudo-labels in the weighted compressed domain. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art tracking methods on challenging video sequences.     

融合局部加权余弦与稀疏表示的目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性难题,在粒子滤波框架下提出基于联合模型的目标跟踪算法。首先,由局部加权余弦相似对目标模板和候选目标进行匹配,其中的局部加权算法增加了未受遮挡、形变等影响的候选目标的权重;其次,通过对目标区域局部图像块稀疏编码来表示目标观测模型,其中字典不进行更新,重建误差的构建考虑了局部图像块之间的空间布局;最后,利用最大后验概率估计目标状态。联合模型将目标的当前状态和原始状态都考虑在内,提高了观测模型的可靠性。实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于多核融合与局部约束的协同表示目标跟踪

针对局部约束线性编码和协同表示编码的判别信 息不足问题,本文提出一种基于多核融合与局部 约束的协同表示目标跟踪算法。首先为了获得更好的分类性能,采用局部约束线性编码方法 ,将样本数据 的局部结构引入到协同表示方法中;然后利用核函数将该协同表示扩展到多特征融合的核空 间,使得字典 和稀疏表示系数对目标特征的类判别能力得到增强;最后视目标跟踪为二分类问题,在粒子 滤波框架下将 分类器得分最高的候选目标作为跟踪目标。实验结果表明,本文算法在发生目标运动模糊、 尺度变化与快 速运动以及遮挡、光照变化时具有准确且鲁棒的目标跟踪效果。     

Robust ambiguous target handling for visual object tracking

This paper presents a robust method of handling ambiguous targets (partial occlusion, split region or mixed state of the partial occlusion and the split region) for visual object tracking. The object model is a combination of bounding box features and expected object region. These object properties are very compact and allow us to track objects in a cluttered environment. The target state is classified in the first stage by a state classifier. The state classifier is defined from a weighted cross-correlation of normalized area and normalized distance which are defined from the comparison of background model- and the motion-based object detections. The correlation can categorize the target state by using the overlap quantity of the detected objects from the both object detections. If the target is merged state (partial occlusion), we will identify and track each object in the merged region by the bounding box features. If the targets are the split region, these regions are identified and grouped by the expected object region. If the target is the mixed state, we use the methods for handling the split and the merged region. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed method can deal with tracking in cluttered environments.     

基于协方差旋转变换的目标跟踪算法

针对EKF对初值选取的敏感性和线性化误差较大等问题,根据目标初始距离可能分布,进行距离区间的分割,建立每区间所对应的滤波模型;利用协方差旋转变化原理,确定旋转变换的近似矩阵;分析这种近似处理的误差,提出基于协方差旋转变换的多模型滤波算法,采用蒙特卡罗方法进行了仿真计算。     

Robust visual tracking via CAMShift and structural local sparse appearance model

This paper addresses issues in visual tracking where videos contain object intersections, pose changes, occlusions, illumination changes, motion blur, and similar color distributed background. We apply the structural local sparse representation method to analyze the background region around the target. After that, we reduce the probability of prominent features in the background and add new information to the target model. In addition, a weighted search method is proposed to search the best candidate target region. To a certain extent, the weighted search method solves the local optimization problem. The proposed scheme, designed to track single human through complex scenarios from videos, has been tested on some video sequences. Several existing tracking methods are applied to the same videos and the corresponding results are compared. Experimental results show that the proposed tracking scheme demonstrates a very promising performance in terms of robustness to occlusions, appearance changes, and similar color distributed background.     

基于粒子滤波的空-地目标跟踪算法

针对空-地目标跟踪中目标大幅度变速运动而引 起的跟踪失败问题,基于Kristan等人提出的双步(TS)动态模型框架,对空-地目标跟 踪中目标运动特点进行分析与建模,改进TS模型中 的保守模型以适应加速运动,提出适于描述大幅度变速运动的加速度双步(TSA)动态模型作 为粒子滤波(PF)跟踪算法的动态模 型,实现对粒子状态的精确预测,进而达到使用较少粒子即可对目标鲁棒跟踪的目的。对空 -地目标跟踪的测试视频进行测 试,结果表明,本文算法可对大幅度变速运动目标稳定跟踪,正确跟踪率为92%,对目标 尺寸约为25pixel×30pixel时的处理帧率为29frame/s。本文算法具有较好的鲁棒性与实时性。