共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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A visualization tool (CTViz) for charge transport processes in 3-D hybrid materials (nanocomposites) was developed, inspired by the need for a graphical application to assist in code debugging and data presentation of an existing in-house code. As the simulation code grew, troubleshooting problems grew increasingly difficult without an effective way to visualize 3-D samples and charge transport in those samples. CTViz is able to produce publication and presentation quality visuals of the simulation box, as well as static and animated visuals of the paths of individual carriers through the sample. CTViz was designed to provide a high degree of flexibility in the visualization of the data. A feature that characterizes this tool is the use of shade and transparency levels to highlight important details in the morphology or in the transport paths by hiding or dimming elements of little relevance to the current view. This is fundamental for the visualization of 3-D systems with complex structures. The code presented here provides these required capabilities, but has gone beyond the original design and could be used as is or easily adapted for the visualization of other particulate transport where transport occurs on discrete paths. 相似文献
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Gary Klein 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2006,8(4):227-236
Problem detection in operational settings requires expertise and vigilance. It is a difficult task for individuals. If a problem is not detected early enough, the opportunity to avoid or reduce its consequences may be lost. Teams have many strengths that individuals lack. The team can attend to a wider range of cues than any of the individuals can. They can offer a wider range of expertise, represent different perspectives, reorganize their efforts to adapt to situational demands, and work in parallel. These should improve problem detection. However, teams can also fall victim to a wide range of barriers that may reduce their alertness, mask early problem indicators, confound attempts to make sense of initial data, and restrict their range of actions. Therefore, teams may not necessarily be superior to individuals at problem detection. The capability of a team to detect problems may be a useful measure of the team’s maturity and competence.
相似文献
Gary KleinEmail: Phone: 937-8738166Fax: 937-8738258 |
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DSS have almost exclusively been presented in the context of problem solving. But the term ‘problem’ is never defined. It is unfortunately a fairly ambiguous term whose meaning oscillates from the observation of an unsatisfactory, objective reality which must be corrected, to the subjective representation of one or more actors faced with a reality which he or they perceived as unsatisfactory. The first of these interpretations (i.e., a problem as an unsatisfactory objective reality) implicitly dominates the DSS literature and design methods, which does not avoid the hidden major stumbling block of ‘problem definition’. We believe that the adoption of the second interpretation (i.e., a problem as a subjective representation) is a better guarantee of the effectiveness of DSS and leads to different design methods (we propose one based on a systemic method oriented towards ‘soft problems’) and opens new horizons for potential application to DSS. 相似文献
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《Expert systems with applications》2014,41(15):6718-6727
A combination of cardinal and ordinal preferences in multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) demonstrates more reliability and flexibility compared with sole cardinal or ordinal preferences derived from a decision maker. This situation occurs particularly when the knowledge and experience of the decision maker, as well as the data regarding specific alternatives on certain attributes, are insufficient or incomplete. This paper proposes an integrated evidential reasoning (IER) approach to analyze uncertain MADM problems in the presence of cardinal and ordinal preferences. The decision maker provides complete or incomplete cardinal and ordinal preferences of each alternative on each attribute. Ordinal preferences are expressed as unknown distributed assessment vectors and integrated with cardinal preferences to form aggregated preferences of alternatives. Three optimization models considering cardinal and ordinal preferences are constructed to determine the minimum and maximum minimal satisfaction of alternatives, simultaneous maximum minimal satisfaction of alternatives, and simultaneous minimum minimal satisfaction of alternatives. The minimax regret rule, the maximax rule, and the maximin rule are employed respectively in the three models to generate three kinds of value functions of alternatives, which are aggregated to find solutions. The attribute weights in the three models can be precise or imprecise (i.e., characterized by six types of constraints). The IER approach is used to select the optimum software for product lifecycle management of a famous Chinese automobile manufacturing enterprise. 相似文献
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Marco A. de Oliveira Osmar PossamaiLuiz V.O. Dalla Valentina Carlos A. Flesch 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(5):5061-5070
The focus of this work is the analysis of the influence of transformational leadership on organizational factors, and their impacts on the project performance. The factors considered are communication, flexibility, continuous delivery and continuous improvement, overlap of activities, and maturity of the team, in projects with a high degree of innovation. Bayesian networks were chosen as a simulation tool. Results showed that for a moderate level of overlap of activities, the maximum project performance is obtained when the leadership components individual consideration, inspirational motivation, idealized influence and intellectual stimulation, are either at moderate levels. This leads to high levels of team maturity, flexibility and continuous delivery, while continuous improvement and communication tend to be moderate. It is highlighted the characterization of the individual contribution of the variables to the project performance and the empirical application of Bayesian networks, as an alternative to statistical methods commonly employed in leadership and management studies. 相似文献
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Students of chemical engineering (n = 26) participated in an experiment using a computer-based simulation of a chemical plant. The progression of participants’ mental models was examined throughout a computer-based instructional experience as they acquired the complex cognitive skills of troubleshooting. Participants’ mental models of the complex learning task were matched against an expert mental model at five observation points through the instruction. Progressions of learners’ mental models were examined before and after three phases of the instructional process: supportive information presentation, problem solving practice, and performance test. The results indicated a significant change in participants’ mental models after receiving the supportive information and little change after practice or performance. This paper presents the results of this investigation and discusses the findings and their implications for computer-based instruction and training. 相似文献
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《Expert systems with applications》2014,41(2):267-273
In this paper a decision support system for the diagnosis of a very serious respiratory disease caused by tobacco named the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is presented. The system is based on case-based reasoning principles and gathers the experience of experts of the pneumology department of Dorban Hospital (Annaba, Algeria). A critical issue about the case base is that some values of the features are missing in most cases. Five approaches for managing this problem of missing data are proposed. Three of them allow evaluating the similarity despite the missing information. The two other approaches fill the voids with plausible values using a statistical method and the principles of case-based reasoning itself. 相似文献
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José M. Cañete-Valdeón Fernando Enríquez Javier Ortega Ernesto Veláquez 《Information Processing Letters》2008,107(6):221-229
Use cases constitute a popular technique to problem analysis, partly due to their focus on thinking in terms of the user needs. However this is not a guarantee for discovering all the subproblems that compose the structure of a given software problem. Moreover, a rigorous application of the technique requires a previous consensus about the meaning of I. Jacobson's statement “a use case must give a measurable value to a particular actor” (The Rational Edge, March 2003). This paper proposes a particular characterisation of the concept of “value” with the purpose of problem structuring. To this aim we base on the catalogue of frames for real software problems proposed by M. Jackson (Problem Frames, 2001) and we reason about what could be valuable for the user on each problem class. We illustrate our technique with the analysis of a web auction problem. 相似文献
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等值线抽取中交点连线二义性问题的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
科学计算可视化是一门新兴的学科,网格序列法是其中二维标量场上学值线抽取的一种主要方法,如何解决交点连线的二义性问题是该方法的一个关键性问题本文提出了解决该问题的一个新方法,它克服了现有方法中所存在的缺点,在不增加采样点的前提下,较好地解决了二义性问题。 相似文献
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A Knowledge Management Framework for the Support of Decision Making in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The major challenge in current humanitarian assistance/disaster relief (HA/DR) efforts is that diverse information and knowledge
are widely distributed and owned by different organizations. These resources are not efficiently organized and utilized during
HA/DR operations. We present a knowledge management framework that integrates multiple information technologies to collect,
analyze, and manage information and knowledge for supporting decision making in HA/DR. The framework will help identify the
information needs, be aware of a disaster situation, and provide decision-makers with useful relief recommendations based
on past experience. A comprehensive, consistent and authoritative knowledge base within the framework will facilitate knowledge
sharing and reuse. This framework can also be applied to other similar real-time decision-making environments, such as crisis
management and emergency medical assistance.
Received 9 October 2000 / Revised 6 January 2001 / Accepted in revised form 5 March 2001 相似文献
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林玲 《电脑与微电子技术》2012,(5):48-51
现代信息技术促进了教学过程的全面开放和教师角色的根本转变.实现了真正意义上的师生互动、自主探究和资源共享。为组织学生进行卓有成效的学习,经过反复实践,科学归纳,建构问题驱动探究式教学模式.把计算机专业实操课程教学置于现代网络条件下的开放环境中。以“问题”为我体,引导学生自主学习,合作研究,通过“问题”链,不断驱动学习,形成师生互动的多元化探究态势。 相似文献
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赖翠君 《网络安全技术与应用》2014,(11):26-27
近年来,科技的不断发展,使电网发展面临的挑战也越来越大。电网公司通过大规模、大范围的信息化建设,应用了大量业务系统。如何有效运用信息系统,将相关数据清晰、直观的展示出来,提高运维人员决策的有效性以及运维效率是亟需解决的问题。在电力系统中引入可视化技术,可有效维护系统的运行和管理。本文简单介绍了可视化技术的特点,对其在电力系统运行维护中的核心构架和实践进行了探讨。 相似文献
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《Ergonomics》2012,55(7):966-979
Two experiments are reported that investigated the performance of operators in a fault diagnosis task. Naval engineers working in the Ship's Control Centre (SCC) on board of frigates of the Royal Netherlands Navy were asked to solve a number of unfamiliar fault problems. In the first experiment, it was shown that there was a high correlation (0·85) between the number of problems correctly solved and the availability of system knowledge. In addition there was an effect of the level of formal education. In a second experiment it was shown that the provision of a simple help facility that compensates for a lack of system knowledge leads to a substantial increase in the number of problems that were correctly solved. The percentage of correct solutions increased from 62 to 89%. This increase was the same for operators with either an electrical engineering or a mechanical engineering background although the former group performed slightly better than the latter. These results show that the conclusion of Morris and Rouse (1985a) that instruction in the theoretical principles on which a system is based is less effective than the training of diagnostic procedures, underestimates the importance of system knowledge for the solution of fault diagnosis problems. 相似文献
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Digital voting is used to support group decision-making in a variety of contexts ranging from politics to mundane everyday collaboration, and the rise in popularity of digital voting has provided an opportunity to re-envision voting as a social tool that better serves democracy. A key design goal for any group decision-making system is the promotion of participation, yet there is little research that explores how the features of digital voting systems themselves can be shaped to configure participation appropriately. In this paper we propose a framework that explores the design space of digital voting from the perspective of participation. We ground our discussion in the design of a social media polling tool called BallotShare; a first instantiation of our proposed framework designed to facilitate the study of decision-making practices in a workplace environment. Across five weeks, participants created and took part in non-standard polls relating to events and other spontaneous group decisions. Following interviews with participants we identified significant drivers and limitations of individual and collective participation in the voting process: social visibility, social inclusion, commitment and delegation, accountability, influence and privacy. 相似文献
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The evolution and maintenance of large-scale software systems requires first an understanding of its architecture before delving
into lower-level details. Tools facilitating the architecture comprehension tasks by visualization provide different sets
of configurable, graphical elements to present information to their users. We conducted a controlled experiment that exemplifies
the critical role of such graphical elements when aiming at understanding the architecture. In our setting, a different configuration
of graphical elements had significant influence on program comprehension tasks. In particular, a 63% gain in effectiveness
in architectural analysis tasks was achieved simply by changing the configuration of the graphical elements of the same tool.
Based on the results, we claim that significant effort should be spent on the configuration of architecture visualization
tools and that configurability should be a requirement for such tools.
Jens Knodel is a scientist at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) in Kaiserslautern, Germany. As an applied researcher in the department “Product Line Architectures” he works in several industrial and research projects in the context of product line engineering and software architectures. His main research interests are architecture compliance checking, software evolution, and architecture reconstruction. Jens Knodel is the architect of the Fraunhofer SAVE tool (the acronym SAVE stands for Software Architecture Evaluation and Visualization). Dirk Muthig heads the division “Software Development” at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE). He has been involved in the definition, development, and transfer of Fraunhofer PuLSE (Product Line Software Engineering) methodology since 1997. Further, he leads the research and technology transfer in the area of “Software and Systems Architecture”. He received a diploma in computer science, as well as a Ph.D., from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. Matthias Naab is an engineer at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE). He works in the areas of software- and system architectures and product lines. In several industry projects, he was involved in architecture evaluations of large-scale information systems from different industries and customers. To the Fraunhofer SAVE tool, he contributed the visualization component. Matthias Naab received a diploma in computer science from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern in 2005. 相似文献
Matthias Naab (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jens Knodel is a scientist at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) in Kaiserslautern, Germany. As an applied researcher in the department “Product Line Architectures” he works in several industrial and research projects in the context of product line engineering and software architectures. His main research interests are architecture compliance checking, software evolution, and architecture reconstruction. Jens Knodel is the architect of the Fraunhofer SAVE tool (the acronym SAVE stands for Software Architecture Evaluation and Visualization). Dirk Muthig heads the division “Software Development” at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE). He has been involved in the definition, development, and transfer of Fraunhofer PuLSE (Product Line Software Engineering) methodology since 1997. Further, he leads the research and technology transfer in the area of “Software and Systems Architecture”. He received a diploma in computer science, as well as a Ph.D., from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. Matthias Naab is an engineer at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE). He works in the areas of software- and system architectures and product lines. In several industry projects, he was involved in architecture evaluations of large-scale information systems from different industries and customers. To the Fraunhofer SAVE tool, he contributed the visualization component. Matthias Naab received a diploma in computer science from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern in 2005. 相似文献
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R. T. McIvor A. G. McCloskey P. K. Humphreys L. P. Maguire 《Expert systems with applications》2004,27(4):533-547
In the global market place, many companies have had to adapt their strategies to meet significant challenges. A strategy adopted by some companies has been international expansion via acquisitions. The need for expert knowledge to determine an appropriate company to acquire has been complicated by the sheer size of the global market place. The costs associated with this in relation to time and personnel have created the need for a computerised expert system to be developed. This paper endeavours to show how a proposed fuzzy based system can assist in the identification of a company for acquisition. The authors discuss the manipulation of the magnitude of fuzzy membership functions to communicate priorities within the system. The fuzzy system is designed to assist financial experts in identifying a suitable company for acquisition in the corporate acquisition process. This includes the deliberate weighting of certain inputs and results above others in the decision-making process. The system attempts to learn and simulate the human precedence given to particular financial statistics in company analysis. The system uses the magnitude of the fuzzy membership functions to reflect the human precedence given to each financial ratio. This enables a particular company's strengths and weakness to be considered while concurrently considering their significance and relevance to the acquiring organisation. The system will enable a larger number of companies to be analysed in a more time and cost-effective manner. The development of this system is intended to illustrate that a fuzzy system can aid the financial experts of an acquiring organisation in the global acquisition process. 相似文献
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Chang'E-1 (abbreviation CE-1), China's first Moon-orbiting spacecraft launched in 2007, carried equipment called the Solar Wind Ion Detector (abbreviation SWID), which sent back tens of gigabytes of solar wind ion differential number flux data. These data are essential for furthering our understanding of the cislunar space environment. However, to fully comprehend and analyze these data presents considerable difficulties, not only because of their huge size (57 GB), but also because of their complexity. Therefore, a new 3D visualization method is developed to give a more intuitive representation than traditional 1D and 2D visualizations, and in particular to offer a better indication of the direction of the incident ion differential number flux and the relative spatial position of CE-1 with respect to the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon. First, a coordinate system named Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic (SSE) which is more suitable for our goal is chosen, and solar wind ion differential number flux vectors in SSE are calculated from Geocentric Solar Ecliptic System (GSE) and Moon Center Coordinate (MCC) coordinates of the spacecraft, and then the ion differential number flux distribution in SSE is visualized in 3D space. This visualization method is integrated into an interactive visualization analysis software tool named vtSWIDs, developed in MATLAB, which enables researchers to browse through numerous records and manipulate the visualization results in real time. The tool also provides some useful statistical analysis functions, and can be easily expanded. 相似文献