海上油田大通径多层注水机械防砂技术及应用

根据海上油田防砂完井注水井井筒情况,开发出了大通径多层注水机械防砂技术并成功应用于中海油渤海油田的2口井,取得了良好效果。海上油田大通径多层注水机械防砂技术不受层数限制,适应于多层细分注水的要求,防止地层出砂造成注水效果差,大大提高注水井免修期,具有一定的推广价值。     

渤海Z油田注水井酸化问题分析及整改方法研究

渤海Z油田是注水井开发油田,注水开发油藏在油田的经济开发中占了重要的地位,但随近年油田提液生产,注水需求逐渐增加,注水井欠注问题愈加严重。储层物性差,注水水质差是造成该区注水井欠注的主要原因,通过对比近年注水井重复酸化后的增注效果变化情况,分析Z油田注水井存在的问题,并且据此提出了针对性的整改方法。     

尕斯N_1-N_2~1油藏水井防砂的探索与应用

尕斯库勒油田N_1-N_2~1油藏储层岩石类型主要为砂岩、粉砂岩和砾状砂岩,有少量钙质砂岩;油藏埋深浅,胶结类型以充填-孔隙式为主,次接触式,少量基底式,胶结较为疏松。尕斯库勒油田I、N上层系出砂较严重,引起水井炮眼堵塞或注水层位砂埋,无法完成正常注水。     

海上防砂筛管过流性能评价实验研究与应用

疏松砂岩是渤海油田的主要产层,选择合适的筛管对降低单井投产后的出砂风险至关重要,而筛管的过流性能是评价筛管的重要指标,目前对筛管该性能的评价手段较少.基于自主研发的筛管过流性能评价实验装置,建立了一套筛管过流性能的评价实验方法,模拟了井下含砂流体的实际流动情况,可以对筛管的流通性、抗堵塞性以及过流摩阻等性质进行评估.统计了渤海A油田生产井的出砂情况,基于该油田的出砂特征和粒度特性,对3种常用筛管的过流性能进行了实验评价,结合测试结果优选了B-型优质筛管作为该油田的防砂筛管.评价结果对渤海A油田新井的防砂筛管选择提供了参考,该实验方法对渤海或者其他疏松砂岩油田的筛管评价和优选,具有较好的指导意义.     

适度出砂冷采技术在渤海稠油油田的应用研究

渤海油田多为埋藏较浅的疏松砂岩稠油油藏,大都采用常规防砂工艺技术,但其投入高,风险大,效果低。结合渤海油田特殊的砂岩油藏特征和开采中出现的问题,本文探讨了适度出砂冷采的机理以及适用条件,研究了适度出砂冷采对完井技术的要求,分析了适度出砂冷采在渤海油田的适用性研究及应解决的关键问题。     

龙南油田气浸复杂成因机理研究

该油田在钻井及取心过程中未发现储层存在天然裂缝,但在油田注水开发过程中,由于注水+静水柱压力(35.6-40MPa)远高于油层破裂压力(27 Mpa)储层经压裂改造后,部分东西向注水井井排上的油井水淹,出现东西向裂缝,在小层砂体连通较好的PⅠ3层,形成注水井与待钻井之间的通道,由于东侧为断层遮挡,注入水沿裂缝西向推进,并积存在砂体尖灭带附近,形成注水井-岩性蹩压区。     

注水井油套环空带压原因分析及治理探索

依靠注水井为油田储层补充能量,弥补通过油气井生产造成的储层能量损失,是目前大部分油田为提高采收率广泛采用的油藏开发技术。在注水井中由于种种原因,如注水管柱腐蚀、防砂段封隔器胶皮或密封筒密封性能下降、套管变形、管柱受力鼓胀、管柱上窜、温度效应等原因致使套管及井口采油树带压,不能满足油田精细注水的需求,加速套管腐蚀,严重影响注水安全甚至平台油田的安全,本文针对渤海油田注水井产生套压的原因进行分析,并采取针对措施,有效地将压力隔离在井下,不使井口及顶部封隔器以上套管承压,有效保证注水井的安全。     

大港油田出砂井分注工艺技术研究与应用

在疏松出砂油藏的分层注水中,化学防砂有效期短,传统的机械防砂无法实现分注要求,针对这一难题,开发了分注防砂一体化工艺技术,达到了既防砂又分注的目的 ,解决了传统的分注和防砂结合难的问题。通过在港西油田的应用,证实了分注防砂一体化工艺技术的可靠性和优越性,为疏松出砂油藏的分层注水提供了有力的技术保证。     

疏松砂岩储层多层充填防砂工具的应用

本文针对疏松砂岩储层特点,介绍适用与该储层的多层充填防砂工具,从工具结构、特点出发,与实际操作相结合,探索多层防砂工具在现场应用的特点和关键点并进行总结,力求针对疏松砂岩储层完井防砂方式的特点总结出一些施工方法和经验总结,为其他类似油田充填井提供作业借鉴。     

疏松出砂油藏防砂分注一体化工艺及其应用

在疏松出砂油藏的分层注水中,化学防砂有效期短,传统的机械防砂无法实现分注要求,针对这一难题,研究设计了防砂分注一体化工艺,达到了既防砂又分注的。目的,解决了传统的分注和防砂结合难的问题,克服了化学防砂有效期短的缺陷。通过在胜利纯梁采油厂高青油田、正理庄油田的应用,证实了防砂分注一体化工艺的可靠性和优越性,为疏松出砂油藏的分层注水提供了有力的技术保证。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.