基于DSP技术的爬壁机器人吸附控制系统设计

壁面吸附是爬壁机器人的基本功能之一,其吸附程度直接影响爬壁机器人的稳定性和移动速度;为此,设计了基于DSP技术的爬壁机器人吸附控制系统;选择爬壁机器人传感器装置,加设DSP数字信号处理器,设计爬壁机器人吸附控制器;在硬件结构的支持下,根据爬壁机器人的组成结构和工作原理,构建相应的数学模型;在该模型下,利用DSP技术计算爬壁机器人吸附力;通过爬壁机器人在壁面环境下的受力分析结果,确定爬壁机器人安全吸附条件;以吸附控制器作为执行机构,实现爬壁机器人的吸附控制;选择负压爬壁机器人作为测试样机,通过系统测试表明,在瓷砖、木板、玻璃三种壁面环境下,与两个对比系统相比,应用此次设计系统得出爬壁机器人吸附力的控制误差降低了2.04 N,倾覆风险系数降低了0.29,具有较好的吸附控制效果。     

一种轮足复合式爬壁机器人动力学建模与分析

针对爬壁机器人不同状态下吸附力合理值的求解问题开展研究.首先分析了一种包含闭链约束的轮足复合型移动机构,基于运动等效原则将其拆成开链机构.利用牛顿-欧拉算法对分拆后的开链机构进行动力学建模.基于动力学模型,以运动失效的临界条件为约束函数,构建爬壁机器人在不同倾角壁面上的吸附力学模型,从而获得不同状态下吸附力的合理值.仿真和实验表明基于该模型获得的吸附力参数能够保证机器人的安全吸附.因此所构建的模型是合理的,可以为爬壁机器人在不同状态下合理控制吸附力大小提供理论依据.     

湿吸附机理及其在仿生爬壁机器人中的应用

提出一种新的基于湿吸附机理的仿生爬壁机器人．首先讨论湿吸附模型及吸附力的控制方法,对一种 基于硫化硅橡胶（聚合物）的仿生足垫的湿吸附力进行测试,由此验证足垫与壁面间的液体薄膜对吸附力的积极影 响．然后设计一种实验研究用的轮爪式仿生爬壁机器人,并对其进行静力学分析．最后对所设计的机器人进行爬壁 试验．结果表明,液体薄膜可以有效提高足垫吸附力,所研制的湿吸附机器人可吸附于约85度的壁面,可成功爬行 于坡度约65度的玻璃壁面,一定程度上验证了湿吸附机理爬壁机器人的可行性．     

储罐壁面爬壁机器人吸附结构设计与优化

为了解决爬壁机器人在运动过程中由于吸附力不足而产生的倾覆问题,设计了一种具有曲面自适应性的永磁爬壁机器人。该机构区别于以往的爬壁机器人,具备两个方位上的旋转自由度,能够实现永磁吸附结构实时贴合壁面,确保提供稳定可靠的吸附力。在储罐壁面工作情况下,对机器人进行静力学分析,得到其在壁面不发生下滑和倾覆的安全吸附条件,并在此基础上,利用Ansoft Maxwell软件对吸附结构进行了仿真分析和结构优化,并获得了最佳结构尺寸。     

具有壁面自适应能力的磁吸附爬壁机器人设计

为解决爬壁机器人在船舶货舱清洗过程中多壁面过渡的问题,该文设计了一种具有壁面自适应能力的磁吸附爬壁机器人,其包括磁吸附机构、自适应清洗机构和行走机构。该文首先通过建立机器人壁面过渡时的力学模型,得到机器人磁吸附力的分布特点,并据此设计出一种弧形磁吸附机构。然后利用 ANSYS Maxwell 3D 软件对该机构磁吸附力的分布进行优化,以满足壁面过渡的需要;此外,还在机器人前端设计了一种自适应清洗机构,通过对该机构的结构原理进行分析和实验,验证了清洗机构也具有壁面过渡能力。最后通过模拟船舶货舱壁面的实际特点,对机器人样机进行壁面过渡综合实验,完成了机器人舱底过渡行走实验和舱顶过渡行走实验,验证了该机器人的壁面自适应和舱内行走的能力。     

履带式爬壁机器人力学分析及磁吸附结构优化设计

为了解决履带式爬壁机器人吸附性与机动性存在矛盾的问题,设计了一种履带行走与永磁轮吸附相结合的爬壁机器人。为防止机器人在工作壁面上发生滑移和倾覆的失稳状况,对机器人进行静力学分析,得到机器人安全吸附在壁面时永磁轮应满足的最小磁吸附力。对永磁轮进行结构参数设计,并应用COMSOL仿真软件对永磁轮进行磁场分析和结构优化。研究结果表明,优化前永磁轮的吸附力可使机器人在壁面安全吸附;优化后永磁轮的吸附力增大,质量显著减小,吸附效率提高了16.87%。     

基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统设计

变磁力吸附爬壁机器人是一种具有快速、灵活移动方式的爬行机器人,但其吸附力难以控制,越障稳定性较差,难以保证机器人的平稳爬行;为实现爬壁机器人在大型建筑结构外表面的自主避障,提升机器人与运动平面之间的吸附紧密性,设计基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统;按照PCB控制要求,连接外置SRAM设备与传感器模块,借助驱动I/O口电路提供的电力驱动作用,控制气动阀门的闭合情况,完成变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统硬件结构设计;建立Netvlad神经网络体系,通过划分控制指令程序任务的方式,确定移植参数取值范围,实现对控制协议的移植处理,联合相关硬件应用结构,完成基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统设计;实验结果表明,在所设计系统作用下,障碍物所在位置与爬壁机器人所在位置之间的实测距离未大于30cm,能够有效实现自主避障,保证机器人与运动平面之间的紧密吸附。     

适于水下船体的爬壁机器人关键技术及其研究进展

水下船体表面清刷和检测为爬壁机器人开辟了新的应用领域,其特点是机械本体稳定地吸附在水下船体表面上,同时能够灵活地完成移动、转向、越障等行走功能,进而完成针对船体表面的检测、清刷等作业。文中重点介绍了几种水下船体作业的爬壁爬行机器人,并对机器人的吸附和行走两个关键技术进行了分析,总结了水下船体作业机器人研究中的一些难点问题及其发展趋势。     

基于ADAMS的仿壁虎爬壁机器人的运动仿真

为实现在不同环境的壁面上自由爬行,设计了应用仿壁虎微纳米粘附阵列的爬壁机器人,建立了机器人的动力学模型及足部与壁面之间的接触模型,并利用机械系统动力学软件ADAMS的仿真功能,对机器人沿垂直壁面爬行的运动特性进行了仿真.利用ADAMS的后处理模块的分析功能,重点研究了在一个运动周期内,模型整体质心的位移、电机转矩以及足部与壁面之间的接触力随时间的变化情况.仿真结果表明该仿壁虎爬壁机器人能够以约26mm/s的速度沿着垂直的壁面平稳地运动,不存在波动和偏离.这为下一步研制仿壁虎爬壁机器人的物理样机提供了理论指导,也为其他仿生机器人的研究提供了参考.     

基于变质量系统力学理论的爬壁机器人动力学分析

一类工作在高空危险环境下的爬壁机器人,自身拖曳的电缆或携带的作业原料（如清洗液、油漆等）的质量随着作业高度和进度可能发生变化,势必会影响机器人的壁面牵引驱动能力,而牵引能力决定了机器人的运动能力和工作可靠性．基于变质量系统力学理论,将这一类爬壁机器人系统看作变质量物体．首先,针对质点动力学的两类基本问题,利用变质量牛顿力学原理建立其动力学模型;进一步针对轮式爬壁机器人,建立了非完整约束条件下的变质量系统分析动力学模型．仿真分析表明,将这一类在高空作业的爬壁机器人作为变质量物体进行动力学分析是合理和必要的,为提高其壁面工作能力和适应性提供了一种新的研究思路．     

Mechanism Design and Mechanical Analysis of Multi-Suction Sliding Cleaning Robot Used in Glass Curtain Wall

In order to meet the needs of high-altitude glass curtain wall cleaning, a multi-suction sliding cleaning robot was designed. The sliding robot sucker, cleaning system, obstacle avoidance and rotation ability, walking circuit and mobile working principle of the cleaning robot were designed. This involved the analysis of the robot’s anti-rollover mechanics during adsorption, of robotic winds when working at height, and of anti-sliding mechanics during robot movement, in order to explore feasible ways to improve the robot’s adsorption performance. The relationship between the effective diameter D of the suction cup, the vacuum degree △ P, and the gravity G should be determined by the anti-slipping analysis. In order to ensure the safe and reliable adsorption force and the flexibility of this robot when moving on a wall, the aforementioned analyses were conducted to improve the motion performance of wall-climbing robots, which provides a good theoretical basis for design optimization and motion control of cleaning robots. The curtain wall cleaning robot has stable walking ability and can clean the wall surface effectively; therefore, it has a certain practical value.     

Design and analysis of a wall-climbing robot for passive adaptive movement on variable-curvature metal facades

To facilitate the safe adsorption and stable motion of robots on curved metal surfaces, a wall-climbing robot with a wheeled-type mobile mechanism that can passively self-adapt to walls with different curvature is proposed. The robot is composed of two relatively independent passive adaptive mobile mechanisms and overrunning permanent magnetic adsorption devices to achieve effective fitting of the driving wheels to the wall surface and adaptive surface motion. The overall design is based on a double-hinged connection scheme and gap-type permanent magnetic adsorption. The minimum adsorption force required for the robot to achieve stable climbing motion with no risk of slipping or capsizing is determined by developing a static analysis model. The effects of air-gap size and wall thickness on the adsorption force are analyzed by means of magnetic circuit design studies and parametric simulations on the permanent magnet adsorption device, as well as design optimization of the permanent magnet device. The motion performance test of the fabricated prototype shows that the robot can achieve adaptive curvature motion with self-attitude adjustment, and has a certain load capacity, obstacle crossing capability, and good surface adaptivity.     

仿尺蠖爬壁机器人自适应吸附及摇杆控制

为了解决真空吸附爬壁机器人爬行时,需要吸盘和壁面紧密贴合,不易操控的问题。建立了吸盘足至壁面的空间几何模型;基于D-H参数,建立了运动学模型,根据速度运动学逆解,设计了一种用于对称机构爬壁机器人的摇杆操作方法,将摇杆轴映射为关节速度闭环;根据位置运动学逆解,设计了自适应吸附动作,吸盘足与壁面距离小于设定阈值时,自动触发自适应吸附动作;搭建了机器人控制系统和自适应吸附装置,在水平壁面上进行爬行实验,验证了该方法可减小操控难度。     

Design and analysis of a wall-climbing robot for water wall inspection of thermal power plants

Boiler water wall in thermal power plants is characterized by high-altitude detection requirements. Moreover, the existing water wall-climbing robots are characterized by low obstacle-crossing performance, deviations, and a lack of autonomous crossing pipeline function. In view of this feature, a wall-climbing robot with permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid adsorption wheels is proposed. The robot has the function of independent traverse according to its own structural characteristics. Furthermore, transverse movement is proposed by comparing different adsorption modes, moving and driving modes. Robot statics in upward, downward, and transverse crawling are carried out, and nonsliding mechanical and nonoverturning mechanical models are obtained. Robot's dynamics are analyzed by considering the wall movement. The finite element simulation analysis of its main stressed parts is carried out by employing ANSYS, and an optimal structural model is obtained. The gap adsorption permanent magnet model is constructed, and its parametric simulation analysis is carried out using the Ansoft Maxwell module. The influence curve of the gap on the magnetic force is then obtained. Finally, the prototype is developed according to the design model and calculation analysis, and the experimental test is carried out. The experimental results show that the robot meets the expected functions and indexes, providing a basis for the intelligent development of thermal power plants.     

四轮驱动滑动吸盘爬壁机器人的动力学研究

研究了四轮驱动滑动吸盘式爬壁机器人在滑动导向运动方式下的动力学问题．首先分析了机器人在壁面上安全移动的运动状态和约束条件, 然后对驱动轮支撑力分布、驱动轮与壁面间的横向摩擦力以及密封圈摩擦力进行分析,进而基于牛顿---欧拉法建立了机器人的动力学方程, 并用驱动力矩安全系数来表征驱动力矩的安全程度．通过动力学仿真,分析了吸附压力、驱动轮分布、密封圈刚度等对驱动力矩的影响, 为四轮驱动滑动吸盘式爬壁机器 人结构优化和安全运动控制提供理论依据．     

一种轮足复合式爬壁机器人机构建模与分析

基于行星轮系运动及双足真空吸附原理,提出了一种新型爬壁机器人机构,介绍了机构的构型及结构特点,推导了运动学方程,分析了沿直线行走、平面旋转和跨越交叉壁面三种运动模式．仿真结果表明该机构具有移动速度快、运动灵活、跨越交叉壁面能力强等特点．     

履带式爬壁机器人磁吸附单元的磁场及运动分析

介绍了履带式磁吸附爬壁机器人的磁吸附单元的结构和工作原理．对单个磁块建立了有限元模型,并利用ANSYS软件对不同工作状态的磁块进行了磁场求解．进而,通过对一系列电机的扭矩测量确立了履带的平面力学方程,为机器人的动力学和运动学奠定了基础．     

Design and manufacturing a novel screw-in-pipe inspection robot with steering capability

In this article, a novel in-pipe inspection robot is designed and manufactured in Kharazmi University KharazmPipeBot. This robot is able to move through any pipeline with a predefined diameter range with a variable pitch rate and report any desired data within the pipe with the aid of the installed camera. To achieve the highest stability of the robot through the pipe, the robot's movement is based on the screw locomotion protocol provided by the aid of its rotor and stator. A simple suspension is designed for three legs of the robot by installing a passive prismatic joint equipped with a spring for each leg to provide a smoother movement for the robot chassis. The main novelty of the robot is adding an extra controlling actuator for the robot which is the steer of the front wheels. This input can control the pitch rate of the robot movement and consequently the spiral track of the wheels can be actively managed. This importance lets us to bypass the probable obstacles attached to the inner wall of the pipes. A brief presentation of the robot model is delivered. Afterward, to verify the claimed novelties of the system, a prototype of the robot is manufactured in Kharazmi University and the efficiency of the robot is demonstrated by conducting some initial experimental tests. It is shown that the robot can move with a variable pitch rate through the wall and pass a detected obstacle accordingly.     

Three-Dimensional Path Planning of a Climbing Robot Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming

The City-Climber robot is a novel wall-climbing robot developed at The City College of New York that has the capability to move on floors, climb walls, walk on ceilings and transit between them. In this paper, we first develop the dynamic model of the City-Climber robot when it travel on different surfaces, i.e., floors, walls and ceilings, respectively. Then, we present a path planning method for the City-Climber robot using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) in three-dimensional (3-D) building environments that consist of objects with primitive geometrical shapes. MILP provides an optimization framework that can directly incorporate dynamic constraints with logical constraints such as obstacle avoidance and waypoint selection. In order to use MILP to solve the obstacle avoidance problem, we simplify and decouple the robot dynamic model into a linear system by introducing a restricting admissible controller. The decoupled model and obstacle can be rewritten as a linear program with mixed-integer linear constraints that account for the collision avoidance. A key benefit of this approach is that the path optimization can be readily solved using the AMPL and CPLEX optimization software with a MATLAB interface. Simulation results show that the framework of MILP is well suited for path planning and obstacle avoidance problems for the wall-climbing robot in 3-D environments.