Contractual hazards and long-term contracting: a TCE view from the petroleum industry

We use the tools of transaction cost economics (‘TCE’)and economic analysis more generally to analyze the provisionsof a long-term multi-million-dollar contract in the petroleumindustry, the 35 year Field Contractors Agreement signed in1965 for the development of a major oil field just offshorefrom Long Beach, California. There is a substantial public recordregarding the deliberations that ultimately led to the choiceof contract terms. That record makes it possible to identifyhow various TCE-based and related economic concerns—aboutdealing with information impactedness and restricting the scopefor opportunistic behavior— affected the choice of contractualprovisions. As such, this case study provides useful insightsinto the relevance of TCE.     

手机用纸浆模塑盒的有限元分析

分析了纸浆模塑制品在包装应用中的缓冲机理,并将有限元方法引入到纸浆模塑材料的强度分析中,针对手机包装用纸浆模塑盒进行了有限元分析.结果表明,盒体结构强度及缓冲性能足够,产品能够得到有效保护.     

企业瓶颈管理法（BNA）及其应用

为改善企业管理、提高整体效益、介绍了一种企业管理优化新方法－－企业瓶颈管理法（ＢＮＡ）。内容包括以下几个方面：企业瓶颈（ＢＮ）的定义及其特征分析、企业ＢＮ的系统分类、企业ＢＮ的识别方法，包括检核表法、专家诊断法、问题暴露法及对比法；企业ＢＮ成因分析；企业ＢＮ评价方法，包括ＢＮ价值评价法与ＢＮ矩阵评价法；企业ＢＮ消除原则，消除方法及工作程序等。最后。给出了一个实际企业应用案例，结果表明该方法具有良好     

Bottleneck optical limiters: the optimal use of excited-state absorbers

Passive nonlinear absorptive limiters offer an effective means to protect human eyes and other focal-plane sensors from damage by pulsed laser radiation. New device designs are proposed in which dye molecules are driven into strong ground-state depletion by the incoming threat pulse while the internal fluence values are kept below the material failure level. Pulse-energy suppression ratios greater than 10(4) for 10-ns pulses together with linear transmission greater than 70% should be possible with existing dyes.     

手机纸浆模塑包装热压定型模具有限元分析

建立手机纸浆模塑包装热压定型模具模型,使用有限元分析软件对其在特定条件下进行了结构分析.讨论了有限元分析中的前置处理及分析结果,对有限元分析云图中出现的局部应力集中、位移量较大的区域进行优化,同时对多余的材料浪费进行外削减.改进后的阴模、阳模结构材料更省、结构更合理,证明有限元分析对结构优化效果明显.     

企业CD段流水线的瓶颈分析与平衡改善

在生产线平衡原理及改善方法的基础上,以工作测定为依据,分析了企业CD段流水线的工作能力及其平衡状况,针对整条流水线的瓶颈,结合生产线实际情况提出了可行的持续改进方案,并对改进前后的方案进行了对比分析,达到了降低瓶颈工位工作时间、提升流水线平衡性、提高产能的目的,实际效果明显.     

西门子交换网络中无效话务量的计量分析与研究

从无效话务量的定义入手,较为详细的说明了西门子交换网络中无效话务量的分析方法,并结合实际情况对减少无效话务量、提升有效话务量提出了详细有针对性的建议.     

Bottleneck detection of complex manufacturing systems using a data-driven method

Bottlenecks within a production line significantly affect system productivity. Most current bottleneck detection schemes focus on the long-term bottleneck detection problem using an analytical or simulation model. Furthermore, these studies are restricted to serial tandem lines only. This research focuses on extending the newly developed data-driven method for throughput bottleneck detection from a serial line to a manufacturing system with a complex layout. Within these complex systems, two specific layouts are considered: the concurrent process and the closed-loop feedback process. The method is verified using simulation case studies. An industrial case study is examined to demonstrate the practicality of this approach and to validate the efficiency of the proposed bottleneck detection method.     

可降解塑料产业现状及发展瓶颈浅析

研究了可降解塑料发展现状,介绍了目前聚烯烃可降解塑料和生物可降解塑料国内生产现状,降解性能标准体系以及发展瓶颈。从政策层面、标准制修订及垃圾回收系统等方面给出了建设性意见,利于可降解塑料市场健康规范发展。     

应用SIMOGRAMS方法解决装配生产线瓶颈

详细介绍了SIMOGRAMS,一种新的人机操作分析、联合操作分析的新方法.针对某轮胎公司现有生产能力无法满足市场需求的实际问题,首先确定瓶颈车间-成型车间,然后运用SIMOGRAMS工具,从该车间装配生产的主要产品装配流程入手,对整个装配过程进行联合操作分析,提出了初步改善方案并分析改善效果.最后将装配线从固定式布置改变为产品式布置,根据各基本工作单元所包含的工作量将其组合成工作量基本相等的工作包,并将这些工作包分派给每个操作者或工作站,形成基于几种产品的细胞单元,大幅度提高了手工装配线的生产能力和灵活性.     

汽车维修服务站瓶颈工序的实时调度

在结合优化调度理论和约束理论的基础上,从最小化目标、机器环境、加工特征和约束几方面分析了汽车维修服务站瓶颈工序的实时调度问题的特征,建立了对应的数学模型。根据问题特性,设计了包含复合动态分派规则的启发式调度算法。以实例分析验证了算法的可行性,仿真结果展示了所用算法在优化目标函数值上的优越性和计算时间的可行性。     

通用卡尺新规程分析

文章对新旧规程进行了对比,并对规程中修改部分进行分析说明.     

基于成本收益分析的环境规制工具选择

政策工具的选择取决于制度、技术等许多因素的制约。文章认为当环境规制工具的选择面临技术或制度等因素的制约时，经济工具的实施将变得十分困难，此时也许使用命令控制工具会更好。     

Component Innovation: The Case of Automatic Telephone Switching, 1891-1920

What determines form investment strategy, why do these strategiesvary across organizations, and what impact do firm investmentshave on overall technical progress? Evolutionary models generallyexplain the emergence of electromechanical switches in the telephoneindustry in terms of differences in firm routines and competences,and argue that businesses tend to develop habitual skills relatedto existing technologies that may preclude them from respondingeffectively to alterations in technology. The patterns of evolutionin automatic switching technology imply, however, several problemswith such evolutionary models. Organizations that moved quicklyinto this technology and possessed the right traits for innovatingdid not also enjoy the attributes for long-term survival. Itis therefore important to look at how firms evaluated the newtechnology at an early point before it had been sufficientlyimproved to show itself either superior or inferior to existingtechnology. The development of automatic switching reflectedfirm investments in innovation. The pace and timing of automationwas set by these firm-level decisions in both technology andorganizations. This paper concludes that the evolution of technicalcomponents is a third order effect of selection processes inwhich the survival of suboptimal components is predictable.The Bell System of 1920 that forms the empirical component ofthis study was a compromise, providing a highly valued typeof service to some customers but responding weakly to the needsof others. It rapidly provided components useful to the parametersdefined by the system but proved inflexible to other needs anduses of technology that lay outside those limits.     

仪器收发系统瓶颈问题解决方案研究

在计量技术机构的仪器收发系统中,仪器信患的录入是比较繁琐的过程.对于每次几十台甚至上百台的送检仪器,采用传统的手动录入方式耗时长、效率低,成为制约仪器收发效率的瓶颈问题.通过对目前仪器收发系统信忠录入常用的数据库技术、网络技术、条形码技术进行分析归纳,提出了一种基于软件录入技术的实现方案,所介绍的方法可以实现仪器收发过程中的信息快速录入,较大程度上提高了仪器收发效率,缩短了委托方的等待时间,有效降低了工作中的差错.     

基于微更新理念的上海公共电话亭再设计

目的 以上海新华街道为研究对象,对微更新理念下大型城市的社区公共设施进行设计重构,以期提升其利用率。方法 利用Citespace对社区微更新的研究现状进行分析,以PSPL法为指导理论进行具体实践调研,发现现存痛点,通过问卷、访谈等方式搜集相关需求后,使用TOPSIS法将设计需求定量分析得出亟待解决的需求,为设计重构提供依据,以实现老旧公共设施再造、提高居民生活质量的目的。结果 基于Citespace得出目前我国社区微更新领域的研究趋向于公共设施,而上海新华街道的公共设施以公共电话亭为代表,具有使用率低的痛点,通过TOPSIS分析得出居民对其改造的6点需求,从外观和功能上对公共电话亭进行再设计。结论 结合社区微更新理念和居民的需求对新华街道老旧公共电话亭进行再设计,有助于保留街道特色、提高老旧公共设施的利用率,具有一定的价值,对公共设施设计重构和微更新理念的结合有借鉴意义。     

Annotated Gene and Proteome Data Support Recognition of Interconnections Between the Results of Different Experiments in Space Research

In a series of studies, human thyroid and endothelial cells exposed to real or simulated microgravity were analyzed in terms of changes in gene expression patterns or protein content. Due to the limitation of available cells in many space research experiments, comparative and control experiments had to be done in a serial manner. Therefore, detected genes or proteins were annotated with gene names and SwissProt numbers, in order to allow searches for interconnections between results obtained in different experiments by different methods. A crosscheck of several studies on the behavior of cytoskeletal genes and proteins suggested that clusters of cytoskeletal components change differently under the influence of microgravity and/or vibration in different cell types. The result that LOX and ISG15 gene expression were clearly altered during the Shenzhou-8 spaceflight mission could be estimated by comparison with the results of other experiments. The more than 100-fold down-regulation of LOX supports our hypothesis that the amount and stability of extracellular matrix have a great influence on the formation of three-dimensional aggregates under microgravity. The approximately 40-fold up-regulation of ISG15 cannot yet be explained in detail, but strongly suggests that ISGylation, an alternative form of posttranslational modification, plays a role in longterm cultures.     

手机微波辐射与场强测试

本文简明地介绍了手机微波辐射的影响因素，并着重地介绍测量仪器以及测量方法。